A henge is a Neolithic monument found only in which geographic area?

Choose one answer.

	a. The Near East
	b. Africa
	c. Spain
	d. The British Isles
	e. France

Question 2

Fill in the blank. A relief sculpture can best be described as _________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. a sculpture formed by carved lines
	b. an independent sculpture fully carved on all sides
	c. a sculpture that is carved out from or into an unsculpted background
	d. a sculpture carved into a cave wall
	e. a sculpture that makes you feel better when you view it

Question 3

Scholars believe that cave paintings like those in Chauvet, Lascoux, and Altamira caves may have been created for which of the following reasons?

Choose one answer.

	a. As a form of sympathetic magic (i.e. to bring about what is depicted)
	b. As a part of ritual or initiation
	c. To assist in hunting practice
	d. All of the above
	e. None of the above

Question 4

Stonehenge is an early example of which type of architectural construction system?

Choose one answer.

	a. Post and lintel
	b. Arcuated
	c. Hypostyle
	d. Vaulted
	e. Mastaba

Question 5

The Neolithic town of Çatalhöyük is designed according to which unusual format?

Choose one answer.

	a. All buildings were underground so that the town could remain hidden.
	b. Buildings were built directly next to one another and there are no streets, allowing for greater defensibility.
	c. Buildings were placed on tall platforms to protect from flooding.
	d. All structures were built into existing natural elements (trees, boulders, etc.) in the environment.
	e. Structures were portable and were routinely deconstructed.

Question 6

Which major development in human history is credited with the rise of permanent settlements?

Choose one answer.

	a. Agricultural development
	b. Improved hunting techniques
	c. Greater religious stability
	d. The development of written language
	e. The use of metal tools

Question 7

Which of the following describes the Venus of Willendorf?

Choose one answer.

	a. The statuette is not truly a representation of a venus figure.
	b. The statuette overemphasizes female sexual elements in order to suggest fertility.
	c. The statuette is not interested in individualistic features.
	d. The statuette is made from stone not native to the place where it was found.
	e. All of the above

Question 8

Our understanding of prehistoric art and culture remains somewhat elusive for which of the following reasons?

Choose one answer.

	a. There are not enough surviving artifacts to provide a coherent sense of Prehistoric art.
	b. Prehistoric art was created before the development of writing systems.
	c. Scholars have not yet deciphered the written languages of prehistoric peoples.
	d. The documents left by Prehistoric peoples contradict themselves.
	e. Prehistoric art was altered by subsequent civilizations.

Question 9

Choose the best answer to fill in the blank. Composite View is a system of representation whereby figures are shown ________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. with uneven proportions
	b. in as little detail as possible, emphasizing an impossible “magical” world
	c. from multiple points of view, partially from the front and partially from the side
	d. as if in a twisting motion
	e. with the most important people on a larger scale than less important people

Question 10

Darius I was a powerful king who ruled which city?

Choose one answer.

	a. Persia
	b. Babylon
	c. Greece
	d. Macedon
	e. Sumer

Question 11

In the art of the Ancient Near East, a votive statue served which purpose?

Choose one answer.

	a. It stood in for a patron, usually in a constant posture of prayer.
	b. It served a dual purpose as statue and lamp.
	c. It was a gift for the king.
	d. It was a gift from the king to a priest.
	e. It was a container for written prayers.

Question 12

The Ishtar Gate was a gate to which city?

Choose one answer.

	a. Lagash
	b. Uruk
	c. Babylon
	d. Ur
	e. Akkad

Question 13

The relief sculpture of Ashurnasirpal II Hunting Lions from the Assyrian Palace at Nimrud conveys the power of the king by which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. The use of hieratic scale
	b. The fact that the king wears a prominent crown
	c. The fact king wears bold colors
	d. The presence of a god gesturing toward the king
	e. The king’s obvious power and fearlessness in the hunt

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the Stele of Naram-Sin?

Choose one answer.

	a. It is a law-code of the Akkadian king.
	b. It represents the Akkadian king’s defeat of his enemies.
	c. It depicts the Akkadian gods in a ritual ceremony.
	d. It is a diplomatic treaty.
	e. All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the Stele of Hammurabi?

Choose one answer.

	a. It depicts the Babylonian king receiving the right to rule from his god.
	b. It shows Hammurabi defeating his enemies.
	c. It includes Hammurabi’s written code of laws.
	d. Both A and C
	e. Both A and B

Question 16

The Sumerians are credited with developing which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Cuneiform, one of the earliest forms of written language
	b. The wheel
	c. Arithmetic
	d. All of the above
	e. None of the above

Question 17

Art created in Amarna period Egypt differs from the arts of earlier Egypt in which of the following ways?

Choose one answer.

	a. There is greater emphasis on rounded and elongated forms.
	b. There is a “feminine” quality in male figures.
	c. There is a move towards abstraction.
	d. A and B only
	e. A and C only

Question 18

During the Amarna period in Egypt, official religious practice changed in which significant way?

Choose one answer.

	a. The practice of mummification began.
	b. Egyptians no longer believed in an afterlife.
	c. Only one god, Aton, was recognized, rather than many gods.
	d. Many gods, rather than the one god Aton, were recognized.
	e. None of the above

Question 19

How is Ti’s high social status made evident in the painted relief “Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt” from his tomb?

Choose one answer.

	a. Ti is shown in composite view, whereas his servants are more lifelike.
	b. The scene employed hieratic scale, Ti being the largest figure.
	c. Ti is still and looks on, while his servants are actively working.
	d. Both A and B
	e. All of the above

Question 20

The Hypostyle Hall in the Temple of Amun in Karnak has which of the following elements?

Choose one answer.

	a. Sunken relief on the columns
	b. A clerestory
	c. Columns that imitate lotus plants
	d. All of the above
	e. A and C only

Question 21

The Ka can best be described as which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. An individual’s spirit, which continues to live after death
	b. An elaborate tomb for a king’s remains
	c. The sculpture of an important person buried with them in their tomb
	d. A measurement tool used to build pyramids
	e. The king’s crown

Question 22

The Middle Kingdom Egyptian tombs at Beni Hasan are an example of which style of tomb?

Choose one answer.

	a. Mastaba
	b. Pyramid
	c. Rock-cut
	d. Mortuary chapel
	e. Subterranean

Question 23

The overwhelming majority of Ancient Egyptian art relates to which theme?

Choose one answer.

	a. Death and the afterlife
	b. Wars and political power
	c. Agriculture
	d. Religious enlightenment
	e. Diplomacy

Question 24

The Temple of Ramses II at Abu Simbel is decorated with four colossi representing which four figures?

Choose one answer.

	a. Osiris, Ra, Aton, and Ramses II
	b. Four identical images of Ramses II
	c. Ramses II’s wives
	d. Ramses II’s ancestors
	e. Ramses II’s children

Question 25

What unconventional approach did Queen Hatshepsut take to assert her authority as Queen of Egypt?

Choose one answer.

	a. She killed all of her rivals.
	b. She took on male attributes, even calling herself king.
	c. She moved her capital to Tel el Amarna.
	d. She called herself god of all Egypt.
	e. She named her son co-regent.

Question 26

What was the intended function of the great pyramids at Giza?

Choose one answer.

	a. They were places of worship.
	b. They were tombs for the kings.
	c. They were ceremonial centers for public use.
	d. They housed grain.
	e. All of the above

Question 27

Which of the following best describes Mummy portraits in Late Period Egypt?

Choose one answer.

	a. They tend to exaggerate the size of the eyes.
	b. They are painted in encaustic.
	c. They are molded from plaster and gilded.
	d. All of the above
	e. A and B only

Question 28

The Palette of King Narmer represents which historical event?

Choose one answer.

	a. The yearly flooding of the Nile River
	b. The death of King Narmer
	c. The coronation of King Narmer
	d. The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
	e. The emancipation of Egyptians from slavery

Question 29

Although the Parthenon is a Doric order temple, it strays from typical Doric temples in which way?

Choose one answer.

	a. It has more columns across the front than is typical in Doric temples.
	b. It has a continuous frieze.
	c. It has some ionic columns in the interior.
	d. All of the above
	e. None of the above

Question 30

An Ionic capital is made up of which of the following elements?

Choose one answer.

	a. Scrolled volutes and palmette designs
	b. Acanthus leaves
	c. Geometric patterns
	d. Female figures
	e. Both B and C

Question 31

Fill in the blank. Greek sculpture from the Hellenistic period can best be described as _______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. rigid and formal
	b. abstracted and unnatural
	c. calm and peaceful
	d. dramatic and naturalistic
	e. unconcerned with the human form

Question 32

Fill in the blank. The Pont du Garde is one of the most famous examples of a(n) ________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Roman amphitheater
	b. Greek theater
	c. Roman aqueduct
	d. Etruscan temple
	e. Roman basilica

Question 33

How was a sense of harmony and balance achieved in the Parthenon in Athens?

Choose one answer.

	a. A ratio was employed throughout the building.
	b. Exact right angles were used, without exception, throughout the building.
	c. The sides of the temple were curved, to make up for optical illusions.
	d. All of the above
	e. A and C only

Question 34

The Bull Leaping fresco from the Palace at Knossos was created by which culture?

Choose one answer.

	a. Etruscan
	b. Minoan
	c. Cycladic
	d. Mycenaean
	e. Late Egyptian

Question 35

The Corinthian capital is made up of which of the following elements?

Choose one answer.

	a. Scrolled volutes and palmette designs
	b. Acanthus leaves
	c. Geometric patterns
	d. Female figures
	e. Both B and C

Question 36

The Equestrian Portrait of Marcus Aurelius suggests the emperor’s power in which of the following ways?

Choose one answer.

	a. He looks fierce and imposing.
	b. He is calmly in control of his horse and gestures authoritatively.
	c. He raises a sword to the sky.
	d. All of the above
	e. None of the above

Question 37

The keystone and springer, components of the voussoir, are elements of which architectural feature?

Choose one answer.

	a. An arch
	b. A vault
	c. A foundation
	d. A column
	e. A pediment

Question 38

The Lion Gate at Mycenae famously utilizes which engineering technique?

Choose one answer.

	a. A relieving arch
	b. Vaulting
	c. A clerestory
	d. Concrete
	e. All of the above

Question 39

The Mycenaean Treasury of Atreus is an example of which kind of structure?

Choose one answer.

	a. Pyramid
	b. Mastaba
	c. Palace
	d. Tholos tomb
	e. Megaron

Question 40

The Nike of Samothrace is a product of which Greek period?

Choose one answer.

	a. Geometric
	b. Archaic
	c. High Classical
	d. Late Classical
	e. Hellenistic

Question 41

The sculptor Polykleitos is responsible for which of the following sculptures?

Choose one answer.

	a. The Spear Bearer
	b. The Augustus of Prima Porta
	c. The Last Judgment Tympanum
	d. The New York Kouros
	e. Virgin and Child

Question 42

The sculpture of the Four Tetrarchs represents which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. The four co-rulers of the Roman Empire
	b. The sons of Philip the Arab
	c. The four leading generals of the late Roman Empire
	d. The founders of Rome
	e. Four identical images of the Emperor Constantine

Question 43

The Temple of Hera I at Paestum is an early example of which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. A Doric order temple
	b. An Ionic order temple
	c. A domed temple
	d. A Corinthian order temple
	e. An Etruscan temple

Question 44

The term “wet drapery” refers to which Greek High Classical technique?

Choose one answer.

	a. The use of wet fabrics to shape clay models for final sculptures
	b. The depiction of dramatic scenes as if they took place in a marine setting
	c. The method of depicting drapery to reveal the body rather than conceal it, with drapery that appears wet
	d. The method of attaching sculptures to a temple pediment, by way of wet adhesives
	e. None of the above

Question 45

The terra cotta Apollo from the temple at Veii is a product of which of the following cultures?

Choose one answer.

	a. Egyptian
	b. Hellenistic
	c. Minoan
	d. Etruscan
	e. Roman

Question 46

What advantage did the Romans gain when they began using concrete?

Choose one answer.

	a. Structures could be constructed more quickly.
	b. More complicated shapes could be constructed.
	c. Structures could be constructed less expensively.
	d. All of the above
	e. None of the above

Question 47

Which element of the Pantheon would have surprised the Roman visitor?

Choose one answer.

	a. The use of Corinthian columns
	b. The dome
	c. The coffers
	d. The porch
	e. All of the above

Question 48

Which mythological figure is the subject of the sculpted pediment from the Temple of Artemis at Corfu?

Choose one answer.

	a. Athena
	b. Zeus
	c. Hera
	d. Medusa
	e. Artemis

Question 49

Which of the following best describes one significant way in which Greek architecture differed from Egyptian architecture?

Choose one answer.

	a. Greek architecture used post and lintel construction.
	b. Greek architecture imposed on and dominated the surrounding landscape.
	c. Greek architecture used rounded arches.
	d. Greek architecture used concrete.
	e. Greek architecture worked with the natural landscape, instead of dominating it.

Question 50

Which of the following describes an Archaic Greek kouros?

Choose one answer.

	a. It depicted a male youth.
	b. It usually depicted its figure as nude.
	c. It served as a grave-marker.
	d. It was indebted to Egyptian sculpture.
	e. All of the above

Question 51

Which of the following is a Greek sculpture from the Classical period that uses a canon of proportions as well as a contrapposto stance?

Choose one answer.

	a. New York Kouros
	b. Anavysos Kouros
	c. The Dying Warrior
	d. The Spear Bearer
	e. Peplos Kore

Question 52

Which of the following statements about the Augustus of Primaporta is false?

Choose one answer.

	a. It suggests the influence of the Classical Greek Spear Bearer by Polykleitos.
	b. It suggests the influence of the Roman Republican sculpture of Aulus Metellus.
	c. It includes a Cupid, referring to Augustus’s divine ancestry.
	d. It shows Augustus as a military leader.
	e. It depicts Augustus’s face with intense realism, showing age, worry, and experience.

Question 53

Which of the following statements about the Flavian Amphitheater (Colosseum) in Rome is false?

Choose one answer.

	a. It was built on land confiscated from an unpopular emperor.
	b. It extensively used both barrel and groin vaults.
	c. Much of the building’s interior was made of concrete.
	d. It was an excellent example of true post and lintel construction.
	e. It used more than one of the classical orders on the exterior.

Question 54

Which of the following statements best describes Rome’s relationship with Greek art?

Choose one answer.

	a. Roman art sought to faithfully imitate Greek art.
	b. Roman art borrowed certain details from Greek art, but adapted those details to their own needs.
	c. Rome actively sought to differentiate itself from Greek art, barely using any Greek elements at all.
	d. Roman art only borrowed from Greek architecture.
	e. Roman art only borrowed from Greek sculpture.

Question 55

Which of the following statements describes The Ara Pacis (or Altar of Augustan Peace)?

Choose one answer.

	a. The altar aims to suggest the bounty and peace of Rome under Augustus.
	b. The altar includes portraits of real Roman people.
	c. The altar includes images of children, a reference to Augustus’s family values program.
	d. All of the above
	e. B and C only

Question 56

Which of the following subjects is depicted in relief sculpture on the Arch of Titus?

Choose one answer.

	a. The Apotheosis of Titus
	b. The Spoils from the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem
	c. The Triumph of Titus
	d. All of the above
	e. A and C only

Question 57

Which of the following was NOT a typical element of a house in Pompeii?

Choose one answer.

	a. An atrium
	b. An impluvium
	c. A peristyle
	d. A thermopolium
	e. A tablinum

Question 58

Which of the following were the most highly prized values of the leaders of Republican Rome, as depicted in its portraiture?

Choose one answer.

	a. Youth and athleticism
	b. Authority and experience
	c. Bravery and military might
	d. Wealth
	e. Religious faith

Question 59

Which Roman emperor was responsible for the construction of the Flavian Amphitheater (Colosseum)?

Choose one answer.

	a. Vespasian
	b. Augustus
	c. Nero
	d. Hadrian
	e. Julius Caesar

Question 60

Sculpture from the period known as Early Cycladic II most typically follows which format?

Choose one answer.

	a. Male figures engaged in battle
	b. Female figures with babies
	c. Female figures with arms folded across the chest
	d. Priests and priestesses dressed in long robes
	e. Male figures holding funerary urns

Question 61

Choose the best answer to fill in the blank. The Byzantine church of Hagia Sophia can be said to be __________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. a combination of a centrally-planned and basilican building
	b. a careful imitation of a Roman temple
	c. the smallest church built by Justinian
	d. a poor example of Byzantine architecture
	e. more of a palace residence than a place of worship

Question 62

English Gothic architecture differs from French Gothic in which of the following ways?

Choose one answer.

	a. English Gothic emphasizes length more than height.
	b. English Gothic façades are low and wide, rather than narrow and tall.
	c. English Gothic uses materials of contrasting colors to articulate the interior space.
	d. All of the above
	e. A and B only

Question 63

Gothic art came about simultaneously with the rise of all of the following EXCEPT:

Choose one answer.

	a. cities.
	b. monasteries.
	c. an increasingly wealthy middle class.
	d. guilds.
	e. universities.

Question 64

Interlace is a decorative style found in all of the following objects EXCEPT:

Choose one answer.

	a. The Book of Durow
	b. The Purse Cover from Sutton Hoo
	c. The Virgin of Vladimir
	d. The Book of Kells
	e. The South Cross at Ahenny

Question 65

Mozarabic art can best be defined by which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. The art of Medieval Sicily
	b. Christian art influenced by the arts of Islamic Spain
	c. Art produced in the Umayyad Dynasty
	d. Christian art produced in Medieval Jerusalem
	e. Objects stolen by the Vikings and made into new works of art

Question 66

Romanesque depictions of the human form tend to do which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Be elongated
	b. Focus on linear details, especially in describing hair and drapery folds
	c. Seem removed from any contextual setting, rather seeming to float in space
	d. Twist and contort to fit the shape of the space provided for them
	e. All of the above

Question 67

The artistic tastes of the Cistercian monastic order can best be described as which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Ornate and decorative
	b. Minimalist and austere
	c. Naturalistic
	d. Inspired by Islamic art
	e. Secular

Question 68

The barrel-vaulted nave typical of Romanesque churches had which drawback?

Choose one answer.

	a. It exerted force on the outer walls, requiring buttressing and limiting window size.
	b. It was less attractive than a flat timber roof.
	c. It was tremendously expensive and time-consuming to build.
	d. All of the above
	e. A and B only

Question 69

The Bayeux Tapestry depicts which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. The Norman conquest of England
	b. The death of the English King, Harold
	c. The coronation of King Harold
	d. Halley’s Comet
	e. All of the above

Question 70

The church of Sant’Ambrogio in Milan combines Southern Romanesque tradition with which of the following innovations?

Choose one answer.

	a. The use of ribbed, groin vaults in the nave
	b. The use of a clerestory
	c. Flying buttresses
	d. All of the above
	e. B and C only

Question 71

The Coronation Gospels and the Ebbo Gospels both depict and image of St. Mark. Which of the following describes one of the differences of how St. Mark is presented in each of these gospels?

Choose one answer.

	a. In the Coronation Gospels, Mark sits in a library, whereas in the Ebbo Gospels he stands in a desert.
	b. In the Coronation Gospels, Mark is writing, whereas in the Ebbo Gospels he is contemplating a vision.
	c. The Coronation Gospels is a diptych, while the Ebbo Gospels is a book.
	d. The style of the Coronation Gospels is calm and classicizing, whereas the Ebbo Gospels is somewhat abstracted and filled with a sense of energy.
	e. All of the above

Question 72

The earliest Christian churches (excluding the “house church” type) appropriated which Roman building type?

Choose one answer.

	a. The temple
	b. The bath house
	c. The basilica
	d. The amphitheater
	e. All of the above

Question 73

The Gero Crucifix is an example of which of the following types of art?

Choose one answer.

	a. Mozarabic
	b. Gothic
	c. Carolingian
	d. Byzantine
	e. Ottonian

Question 74

The majority of Viking and Barbarian art can be identified as which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Small, portable objects, especially metalwork
	b. Large-scale stone statuary
	c. Architecture
	d. Fresco painting
	e. Stained glass

Question 75

The mosaic panels of Justinian and Theodora in San Vitale depict which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. The emperor and empress as if they are participating in the church ceremony
	b. The emperor and empress as Christ and the Virgin
	c. The emperor and empress as they appear in the afterlife
	d. All of the above
	e. A and C only

Question 76

The Romanesque art of Spain in Catalonia combines which different styles?

Choose one answer.

	a. Mozarabic, Classical, and Norman
	b. Mozarabic, Byzantine, and Classical
	c. Classical, Gothic, and Byzantine
	d. Classical and Viking
	e. Mozarabic and Ottonian

Question 77

The stained glass window known as the “Tree of Jesse” is in which church?

Choose one answer.

	a. Santiago de Compostela
	b. Cologne Cathedral
	c. Chartres Cathedral
	d. Amiens Cathedral
	e. The Abbey Church of Saint-Denis

Question 78

The style of the French court in the Late Gothic period is best exemplified by which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Sainte-Chapelle in Paris
	b. The façade of Amiens Cathedral
	c. The Angel Gabriel from the façade of Reims Cathedral
	d. All of the above
	e. A and C only

Question 79

The “Hell Mouth” is depicted in which of the following medieval manuscripts?

Choose one answer.

	a. The Winchester Psalter
	b. The Ebbo Gospels
	c. The Worcester Chronicle
	d. The Coronation Gospels
	e. The Book of Kells

Question 80

What distinctive architecture is the Great Mosque of Cordoba in Spain known for?

Choose one answer.

	a. Hypostyle hall
	b. Horseshoe arches
	c. Double arcades
	d. Domed mihrab
	e. All of the above

Question 81

What is a “blind arcade”?

Choose one answer.

	a. A decorative architectural feature in which arcades are embedded into a wall surface and do not open up onto any space
	b. An arcade that is hidden behind an iconostasis, and thus can only be seen by priests
	c. A free-standing arcade, independent of any other architectural structure
	d. A row of arched windows
	e. None of the above

Question 82

What is a “historiated capital?”

Choose one answer.

	a. An important cultural center in the Romanesque period
	b. A capital with images sculpted in relief, rather than the traditional capitals of the Classical orders
	c. A decorative program in which style is deliberately retrospective
	d. Both B and C
	e. None of the above

Question 83

What is the overall unified theme of the tympanum sculpture on the Royal Portal at Chartres?

Choose one answer.

	a. Christ
	b. The Virgin Mary
	c. The Twelve Disciples
	d. The Four Evangelists
	e. Heaven

Question 84

What is the significance of the location of the Dome of the Rock?

Choose one answer.

	a. It was built on the site of the Temple of Solomon.
	b. It is the site from which Muhammad is believed to have ascended to the heavens.
	c. It is the site where the creation of Adam is thought to have taken place.
	d. It is believed to be the site where Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son, Isaac.
	e. All of the above

Question 85

What purpose does a flying buttress serve in the architecture of a Gothic church?

Choose one answer.

	a. It is a purely decorative feature.
	b. It provides added support for the nave vault.
	c. It creates the illusion of height in an otherwise low nave.
	d. It is a form of articulation that divides up a nave bay.
	e. It is a drainage system.

Question 86

What was a benefit to using a pointed arch, rather than a rounded arch?

Choose one answer.

	a. Pointed arches could be taller than rounded arches.
	b. Pointed arches required less skill to construct.
	c. Pointed arches allowed for arches of different widths, though with keystones at the same level.
	d. Pointed arches were faster to construct.
	e. All of the above

Question 87

What was the goal of portal sculpture on medieval cathedrals?

Choose one answer.

	a. To intimidate the viewer
	b. To educate the viewer
	c. To confuse the viewer
	d. A and B only
	e. A and C only

Question 88

What were the main objects that a pilgrim hoped to see in a pilgrimage church?

Choose one answer.

	a. Stained glass
	b. Statues
	c. Relics
	d. Paintings
	e. Prayer candles

Question 89

Which element was NOT found in early Christian churches (as exemplified in Old St. Peter’s)?

Choose one answer.

	a. Nave
	b. Atrium
	c. Transept
	d. Impluvium
	e. Apse

Question 90

Which feature would you be most likely to encounter in a Romanesque church?

Choose one answer.

	a. Pointed arches
	b. Rounded arches
	c. Radiating chapels
	d. Stained glass
	e. Both B and C

Question 91

Which of the following best describes the function of a Byzantine icon?

Choose one answer.

	a. It was meant to be worshipped as an idol.
	b. It sought to faithfully imitate the real world.
	c. It was meant to be used as a tool to better access the divine world.
	d. All of the above
	e. A and B only

Question 92

Which of the following describes the Monastery of Cluny?

Choose one answer.

	a. It was the largest monastery ever built in the West.
	b. It was one of the most powerful religious centers in the Romanesque period.
	c. It was a Cistercian monastery.
	d. All of the above
	e. A and B only

Question 93

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Gothic architecture?

Choose one answer.

	a. Post and lintel construction
	b. The rounded arch
	c. The pointed arch
	d. The narthex
	e. Westwork

Question 94

Which of the following is considered to be the most successful High Gothic (or most representative of the goals of the High Gothic) cathedral façade?

Choose one answer.

	a. Chartres Cathedral
	b. The Abbey Church of Saint-Denis
	c. Sainte-Chapelle in Paris
	d. Notre Dame in Paris
	e. Reims Cathedral

Question 95

Which of the following is one drawback of the engineering style of so-called “First Gothic” churches, as exemplified at Notre Dame in Paris, is:

Choose one answer.

	a. Low ceilings
	b. A lack of light
	c. Clumsy stonework
	d. Excessively thick walls
	e. All of the above

Question 96

Which of the following statements about the church of St. Sophia in Kiev is false?

Choose one answer.

	a. It was likely built by architects from Constantinople.
	b. It has some of the best-preserved examples of Middle Byzantine mosaic decoration.
	c. It is a smaller version of Hagia Sophia.
	d. It is an excellent example of early Gothic architecture.
	e. Both C and D

Question 97

Which of the following statements best describes the Carolingian Palatine Chapel at Aachen?

Choose one answer.

	a. It is modeled after the church of San Vitale in Ravenna.
	b. It uses stained glass to bring in an other-worldly light.
	c. It incorporated spolia from Rome and Byzantium.
	d. All of the above
	e. A and C only

Question 98

Who sculpted the Last Judgment tympanum at the Cathedral of Autun?

Choose one answer.

	a. Iktinos
	b. Anthemius of Tralles
	c. Polykleitos
	d. Gislebertus
	e. Agrippa

Question 99

Who was the first Christian emperor?

Choose one answer.

	a. Constantine
	b. Justinian
	c. Charlemagne
	d. Maxentius
	e. Saint Peter

Question 100

Much of early Christian art is syncretic. Which of the following best describes what this means?

Choose one answer.

	a. It was kept hidden from the public.
	b. It was fused with older, established artistic traditions.
	c. It was illegal.
	d. It was not part of the repertoire of professional artists.
	e. All of the above