ARTH207-FinalExam-Answers

According to most scholars, Caravaggio’s paintings can be best described as

Choose one answer.

	a. delicate.
	b. dramatic.
	c. idealized.
	d. pastoral.

Question 2

As epitomized in the work of Caravaggio, many of the human figures in Baroque religious paintings differ from Renaissance human figures in which important way?

Choose one answer.

	a. They are more emotional.
	b. They are less engaged with the viewer.
	c. They are suffused with a greater sense of otherworldliness.
	d. They are more down to earth and real—to the point of being unidealized.

Question 3

Bernini’s Ecstasy of Saint Theresa is unusual in which way?

Choose one answer.

	a. It depicts a sexual story, drawing on the personal writings of Saint Theresa.
	b. It is sculpted from wood and covered in plaster, unlike most of his sculptures.
	c. It involved the complete decoration and construction of a chapel, resembling modern-day installation art.
	d. all of the above

Question 4

Caravaggio’s art is famous for combining

Choose one answer.

	a. classical literature with biblical stories.
	b. techniques used by French and German artists.
	c. biblical stories with puns on the name of the patron.
	d. lowly, naturalistic details with highly spiritual stories.

Question 5

Caravaggio’s use of bright light in very dark settings symbolizes

Choose one answer.

	a. human ignorance.
	b. a spiritual presence.
	c. the pursuit of justice.
	d. scientific enlightenment.

Question 6

How did the Counter-Reformation affect the visual arts?

Choose one answer.

	a. Nudity was frowned upon.
	b. Catholic values and traditions were flaunted.
	c. Religious stories were made more emotional.
	d. all of the above

Question 7

In general, Bernini’s sculpture can be said to do all the following except

Choose one answer.

	a. emphasize motion.
	b. engage the space around it.
	c. remain intellectual and wholly of the mind.
	d. evoke moments in time directly before and after the moment depicted.

Question 8

Spanish Baroque sculpture can be best described as

Choose one answer.

	a. classicizing.
	b. emotionless.
	c. idealizing.
	d. realistic.

Question 9

Tenebrism is a term used to describe

Choose one answer.

	a. the drama and tension of Baroque art.
	b. the coarse reality of some Baroque paintings.
	c. the use of extreme lights and darks in Baroque painting.
	d. the system of rod construction used in Baroque churches.

Question 10

The appearance of the Farnese Ceiling can be best described as

Choose one answer.

	a. abstract.
	b. illegible.
	c. illusionistic.
	d. none of the above.

Question 11

The x-shaped composition is characteristic of

Choose one answer.

	a. Baroque art.
	b. Neoclassical art.
	c. art of the Enlightenment.
	d. all of the above

Question 12

What event from her personal life do scholars agree informed much of Artemisia Gentileschi’s art?

Choose one answer.

	a. her trip to England
	b. the death of her father
	c. her rape by her teacher
	d. the birth of her first child

Question 13

What is one way in which Spanish Baroque sculpture differed from Italian Baroque sculpture?

Choose one answer.

	a. Spanish sculpture was inferior to Italian sculpture.
	b. Spanish sculpture never depicted religious subject matters.
	c. Spanish sculpture was often made of wood and then painted.
	d. Spanish sculpture eschewed realism in favor of idealized, ephemeral beauty.

Question 14

Which of the following artists did not create Counter-Reformation art?

Choose one answer.

	a. Bernini
	b. Caravaggio
	c. Hals
	d. Rubens

Question 15

Which of the following artists is known for his spiritually charged still-life paintings?

Choose one answer.

	a. Caravaggio
	b. Cotán
	c. Velázquez
	d. Vermeer

Question 16

Which of the following artists painted the famed Farnese Ceiling in Rome?

Choose one answer.

	a. Caravaggio
	b. Carracci
	c. Gentileschi
	d. Rubens

Question 17

Which of the following kinds of imagery do you begin to see in the periods covered in this course that was virtually absent from earlier periods in art history?

Choose one answer.

	a. genre paintings
	b. still-life paintings
	c. landscape paintings
	d. all of the above

Question 18

Which of the following paintings is something of a manifesto on the art of painting and the role of the painter?

Choose one answer.

	a. Las Meninas by Velázquez
	b. The Nightwatch by Rembrandt
	c. The Oath of the Horatii by David
	d. The Conversion of Paul by Caravaggio

Question 19

Which of the following uses a “giant order”?

Choose one answer.

	a. Il Gesu
	b. Saint Peter’s Square
	c. Sant’Andrea al Quirinale
	d. San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane

Question 20

Which of the following was not a force of change in the Baroque through Neoclassical periods?

Choose one answer.

	a. the Reformation
	b. political revolution
	c. scientific discoveries
	d. religious pilgrimages

Question 21

Which general statement about the Catholic Church during the periods studied is true?

Choose one answer.

	a. The Catholic Church submitted to Protestantism.
	b. The cultural significance of the Catholic Church gradually declined.
	c. The Catholic Church always dictated political and monarchical systems.
	d. The Catholic Church became an even more important cultural force in the face of new challenges.

Question 22

A “genre painting” is a painting

Choose one answer.

	a. that is boring.
	b. that depicts an everyday scene.
	c. that commemorates a historical event.
	d. that commemorates the birth of a child.

Question 23

Frans Hals is most celebrated for his contributions to

Choose one answer.

	a. genre painting.
	b. portrait painting.
	c. still-life painting.
	d. landscape painting.

Question 24

Generally speaking, Rembrandt’s images can be said to emphasize

Choose one answer.

	a. violence.
	b. material wealth.
	c. the power of the male body.
	d. spiritual and psychological power.

Question 25

How did Rembrandt’s painting style change as he got older?

Choose one answer.

	a. He used more muted colors.
	b. He used sharper, crisper lines.
	c. He used a looser, more “painterly” style.
	d. His compositions became more complicated and detailed.

Question 26

In which culture was still-life painting most prolific?

Choose one answer.

	a. Neoclassical
	b. Dutch Baroque
	c. Italian Baroque
	d. Spanish Baroque

Question 27

In which of the following media did Rembrandt not work?

Choose one answer.

	a. drypoints
	b. etchings
	c. fresco
	d. oils

Question 28

Jacob van Ruisdael’s The Jewish Cemetery is

Choose one answer.

	a. a moralizing and spiritual image.
	b. a commemoration of a historical event.
	c. an expression of Dutch Baroque anti-Semitism.
	d. all of the above

Question 29

The image below is an excellent example of ____________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Protestant art from the Baroque period.
	b. Rembrandt’s intimate view of spiritualism.
	c. the use of light to convey a spiritual message.
	d. all of the above

Question 30

Vermeer is famous for his

Choose one answer.

	a. still-life paintings.
	b. landscape paintings.
	c. paintings of domestic interiors.
	d. all of the above

Question 31

What advantage does drypoint have over other methods of printmaking?

Choose one answer.

	a. It is less expensive.
	b. It is easier to execute.
	c. It creates softer, more “painterly” lines.
	d. all of the above

Question 32

What does Gerard ter Borch seem to suggest about women in Dutch society in his Lady at the Mirror?

Choose one answer.

	a. Women were best suited to motherhood and nurturing roles.
	b. Women are powerful matriarchs in charge of their domestic realm.
	c. Women are evil temptresses to be feared by self-respecting gentlemen.
	d. Women of a certain elevated social status were virtuous and objects of desire.

Question 33

What is one reason why Dutch Baroque paintings tended to be smaller than other Baroque paintings?

Choose one answer.

	a. Dutch Baroque paintings needed to be easily transportable.
	b. Art patrons in the Netherlands could not afford larger paintings.
	c. Paintings were illegal and therefore needed to be small enough to be easily hidden.
	d. Smaller paintings were better suited to the private homes for which they were commissioned.

Question 34

What was distinct about the culture and therefore the art of the Dutch Republic?

Choose one answer.

	a. It was Protestant.
	b. It broke away from Spain.
	c. It had a powerful middle class.
	d. all of the above

Question 35

Which artist painted the self-portrait below?

Choose one answer.

	a. Hals
	b. Rembrandt
	c. Rubens
	d. van Dyck

Question 36

Which of the following artists did not draw inspiration from Italian art and artists?

Choose one answer.

	a. Jefferson
	b. Rembrandt
	c. Wren.
	d. none of the above

Question 37

Which of the following artists influenced the art of Rubens?

Choose one answer.

	a. Caravaggio
	b. Michelangelo
	c. Renaissance artists from Flanders
	d. all of the above

Question 38

Which of the following artists was famous for painting many self-portraits?

Choose one answer.

	a. Bernini
	b. David
	c. Gentileschi
	d. Rembrandt

Question 39

Which of the following artists was known for his chaotic, sometimes critical scenes of everyday domestic life?

Choose one answer.

	a. Hals
	b. Rubens
	c. Steen
	d. Vermeer

Question 40

Which of the following artists was one of the “Utrecht Caravaggisti”?

Choose one answer.

	a. de La Tour
	b. Gentileschi
	c. Terbrugghen
	d. Watteau

Question 41

Which of the following seemingly straightforward works of art is also a manifesto on the art of painting and the role of the artist?

Choose one answer.

	a. Velázquez’s Las Meninas
	b. Vermeer’s Allegory of Painting
	c. Rembrandt’s self-portrait from 1658 (at the Frick)
	d. all of the above

Question 42

Which of the following types of images became increasingly popular in the Baroque period?

Choose one answer.

	a. political paintings
	b. violent and dramatic images
	c. images of the Virgin and Child
	d. all of the above

Question 43

Which still-life painter is famous for painting mainly floral still lifes?

Choose one answer.

	a. Cotán
	b. Heda
	c. Peeters
	d. Ruysch

Question 44

The tastes of an increasingly powerful middle class are evident in the art of which culture?

Choose one answer.

	a. Dutch Baroque
	b. Italian Baroque
	c. French Baroque
	d. Flemish Baroque

Question 45

Although not visible today, much of the art of Louis XIV’s court took the form of

Choose one answer.

	a. religious ceremony.
	b. illustrated pamphlets.
	c. ceremony of courtly ritual.
	d. A and C

Question 46

Claude Lorraine’s landscapes depict

Choose one answer.

	a. an idealized view of the countryside.
	b. politically charged symbolic landscapes.
	c. religiously charged symbolic landscapes.
	d. ominous and threatening views of nature.

Question 47

In what way do the paintings of Georges de La Tour resemble the paintings of Caravaggio?

Choose one answer.

	a. They are full of violence.
	b. They use stark contrasts of light and dark.
	c. They depict extremely unidealized figures.
	d. all of the above

Question 48

Late in Voeut’s career, after returning to France from Italy, his painting

Choose one answer.

	a. looked back to Medieval art.
	b. appealed more to a growing middle class.
	c. embraced Caravaggesque ideals more and more.
	d. turned away from Caravaggism towards a more classical style.

Question 49

Poussin’s art is best defined as

Choose one answer.

	a. classicizing.
	b. realist.
	c. romantic.
	d. palladian.

Question 50

The Palace of Versailles was designed to

Choose one answer.

	a. proclaim the glory of France.
	b. serve as a political meeting place.
	c. house the main leaders of the French church.
	d. glorify the magnificence and authority of the king.

Question 51

Under Louis XIV, the Royal Academy of Fine Arts officially embraced which style?

Choose one answer.

	a. Caravaggesque
	b. classicizing
	c. Protestant.
	d. all of the above

Question 52

What is considered the quintessential example of English Baroque architecture?

Choose one answer.

	a. the Louvre
	b. Buckingham Palace
	c. St. Paul’s Cathedral
	d. the Houses of Parliament

Question 53

Which architect was known for creating “Palladian” buildings?

Choose one answer.

	a. Borromini
	b. Hardouin-Mansart
	c. Jones
	d. Wren

Question 54

Which of the following Baroque artists is known for his or her highly organized and legible compositions?

Choose one answer.

	a. Gentileschi
	b. Poussin
	c. Rembrandt
	d. Rubens

Question 55

In which foreign city did French artist Poussin live, greatly informing his tastes and styles?

Choose one answer.

	a. Boston
	b. London
	c. Rome
	d. Seville

Question 56

Although the art associated with the Enlightenment was distinct from the art of the Rococo, the Enlightenment and the Rococo were roughly contemporary. The spirit of the Enlightenment is evident in Rococo art in which of the following ways?

Choose one answer.

	a. the interest in theater
	b. the interest in fantasy and frivolity
	c. the fascination with the feminine world
	d. the emphasis and value placed on nature

Question 57

As epitomized by Watteau, Rococo paintings depict all the following except

Choose one answer.

	a. theatrical subjects.
	b. religious processions.
	c. subjects relating to music.
	d. scenes involving love and courtship.

Question 58

Compositionally, the Rococo is defined by

Choose one answer.

	a. sharp lines and right angles.
	b. soft curves and diagonal lines.
	c. bold colors and a sense of motion.
	d. dark colors and thick paint application.

Question 59

In what way did the pastoral imagery of the Rococo (think of Watteau’s Embarkation to Cythera) differ from pastoral imagery in art of preceding generations?

Choose one answer.

	a. Portraits are included in Rococo pastorals.
	b. For the first time, love and sexuality are hinted at.
	c. The Rococo pastoral evoked a real world rather than a remote arcadia.
	d. The details of the landscape were paid closer attention to in Rococo pastorals.

Question 60

In what way is Fragonard’s The Swing artificial?

Choose one answer.

	a. It is a scene derived directly from theater.
	b. It is a copy of an earlier painting by Boucher.
	c. The figures in the painting are peasants dressed up as members of the aristocracy.
	d. The figures involved “play” at innocence while deliberately breaking with decorum.

Question 61

Rococo art eschewed the ordered, linear style of classicism in favor of

Choose one answer.

	a. a softer, more organic style.
	b. a disordered abstraction style.
	c. an even more intellectual style.
	d. a more intimately religious style.

Question 62

The term fête galante was coined to describe the paintings of which artist?

Choose one answer.

	a. Chambord
	b. Hogarth
	c. Le Brun
	d. Watteau

Question 63

What is the true subject of Fragonard’s The Swing?

Choose one answer.

	a. romantic pleasure
	b. childlike innocence
	c. the role of the artist
	d. scientific enlightenment

Question 64

Which characteristics of earlier artistic styles declined in importance with the Rococo?

Choose one answer.

	a. the traditional pastoral
	b. naturalistic representations of the world
	c. the traditional interpretation of classical mythology
	d. all of the above

Question 65

Which of the following artists had a close professional relationship with the king’s mistress, Madame de Pompadour?

Choose one answer.

	a. Boucher
	b. de La Tour
	c. Vouet
	d. Watteau

Question 66

The new art of the Rococo was created for the

Choose one answer.

	a. academy.
	b. aristocracy.
	c. bourgeoisie.
	d. monarchy.

Question 67

Canaletto was famous for his

Choose one answer.

	a. portraits
	b. engravings
	c. vedute paintings
	d. still-life paintings

Question 68

How did the emergence of the Salon in 18th-century France change the art world?

Choose one answer.

	a. It produced a new artistic voice: the art critic.
	b. It enabled the middle class to become more involved in the art world.
	c. It allowed artists to create art for a general public rather than an elite patron.
	d. all of the above

Question 69

How were Hogarth’s images able to be seen by a large public audience?

Choose one answer.

	a. He painted large-scale public images.
	b. His images were on view at public exhibitions.
	c. He created engravings that were widely circulated by subscription.
	d. A studio copied miniature paintings of his originals, which could be bought for a minimal fee.

Question 70

Joseph Wright of Derby was famous for his paintings of

Choose one answer.

	a. still lifes.
	b. English buildings.
	c. famous Englishmen.
	d. science and industry.

Question 71

Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, an extremely successful female artist, was famous for

Choose one answer.

	a. still lifes
	b. history painting
	c. sculptured paintings
	d. portraits of other women

Question 72

The English artist famous for his satirical images is

Choose one answer.

	a. Chardin.
	b. Gainsborough.
	c. Hogarth.
	d. West.

Question 73

Thomas Gainsborough almost always incorporated what other genre into his portraits?

Choose one answer.

	a. history painting
	b. still-life painting
	c. landscape painting
	d. all of the above

Question 74

What was scandalous about Benjamin West’s Death of General Wolfe?

Choose one answer.

	a. The narrative details of the story are misleading.
	b. A Native American occupies a central position in the image.
	c. It is a history painting, but the figures are wear contemporary dress.
	d. all of the above

Question 75

What was the most popular genre of painting in the early American colonies?

Choose one answer.

	a. portraiture
	b. landscapes
	c. biblical stories
	d. history painting

Question 76

Which artist established the Royal Academy in England in 1768?

Choose one answer.

	a. Hogarth
	b. Jones
	c. Reynolds
	d. Wren

Question 77

Which cultural event and/or phenomenon helped precipitate Neoclassicism?

Choose one answer.

	a. the Grand Tour
	b. the rule of Napoleon
	c. the death of Louis XIV
	d. all of the above

Question 78

Which genre of painting was placed at the top of the hierarchy in the Royal Academy in England?

Choose one answer.

	a. still lifes
	b. portraiture
	c. landscapes
	d. history painting

Question 79

Which of the following artists is most associated with the “grand manner” style of painting?

Choose one answer.

	a. Boucher
	b. Carracci
	c. Reynolds
	d. Rubens

Question 80

Which of the following genres was Chardin not famous for?

Choose one answer.

	a. still lifes
	b. history painting
	c. domestic scenes
	d. portrait painting

Question 81

Which of the following painters can be called “moralizing”?

Choose one answer.

	a. de La Tour
	b. Fragonard
	c. Greuze
	d. Jones

Question 82

Which aspect of family life changed with the Enlightenment and is evident in French paintings of this period?

Choose one answer.

	a. Women were encouraged to enter the workforce.
	b. Nannies were brought into the home to assist with child rearing.
	c. Boys were encouraged to leave the home early for apprenticeships.
	d. A more direct involvement in the upbringing of one’s child was encouraged.

Question 83

David’s Death of Marat was essentially a piece of propaganda for which political group?

Choose one answer.

	a. the Jacobins
	b. the Royalists
	c. the Moderates
	d. the American colonists

Question 84

David’s Death of Socrates and Death of Marat depict

Choose one answer.

	a. murders.
	b. suicides.
	c. extreme violence.
	d. secular martyrdom.

Question 85

How did Neoclassical art (and culture) differ from earlier classicizing movements?

Choose one answer.

	a. It was more politically charged.
	b. It promoted pagan religious beliefs.
	c. It focused more on classical literature and philosophy.
	d. all of the above

Question 86

How might you describe the larger message of David’s Oath of the Horatii?

Choose one answer.

	a. Love conquers all.
	b. Seeking justice is futile.
	c. One must consider family before all else.
	d. It is necessary to sacrifice for a greater good.

Question 87

In his role as an architect, what did Thomas Jefferson have in common with the English Baroque architect Inigo Jones?

Choose one answer.

	a. He eschewed the architecture of Italy.
	b. He revered the architecture of Palladio.
	c. He failed to achieve his architectural vision.
	d. He revered the French Baroque architecture of Louis XIV.

Question 88

In their horizontal compositions, many Neoclassical paintings evoked

Choose one answer.

	a. vedute.
	b. architecture.
	c. classical friezes.
	d. landscape vistas.

Question 89

Neoclassical architecture was based on

Choose one answer.

	a. geometric shapes.
	b. undulating, organic aesthetics.
	c. a combination of Gothic and Greek architectural forms.
	d. a combination of Gothic and Roman architectural forms.

Question 90

Neoclassical art in France pitted itself against

Choose one answer.

	a. the Rococo.
	b. the Baroque.
	c. English painting.
	d. the Enlightenment.

Question 91

The painting below is a quintessential example of which style/period of art?

Choose one answer.

	a. Rococo
	b. Neoclassical
	c. Spanish Baroque
	d. Flemish Baroque

Question 92

What was appealing to Americans about profile portrait drawings?

Choose one answer.

	a. They were inexpensive.
	b. The profile portrait evoked the classical past.
	c. They utilized technology that allowed for a high degree of accuracy.
	d. all of the above

Question 93

When creating his sculpture of George Washington, Houdon wanted to depict the president

Choose one answer.

	a. as a tyrant.
	b. in the guise of Aristotle.
	c. as an allegory of justice.
	d. with as much accuracy as possible.

Question 94

Which artist is best known for his portraits of George Washington?

Choose one answer.

	a. Copley
	b. Reynolds
	c. Stuart
	d. West

Question 95

Which Baroque artist served as a model for later Neoclassical artists?

Choose one answer.

	a. Bernini
	b. Chardin
	c. Poussin
	d. Vélazquez

Question 96

Which Neoclassical figure is considered the first art historian?

Choose one answer.

	a. Hogarth
	b. Jefferson
	c. Rosseau
	d. Winckelmann

Question 97

Which of the following characteristics was not typical of Neoclassical art?

Choose one answer.

	a. shallow space
	b. clear, linear brushwork
	c. sentimental subject matter
	d. horizontal and vertical emphases

Question 98

Which of the following statements about Angelica Kauffman is most accurate?

Choose one answer.

	a. She was successful as an artist among a small circle of elite woman patrons.
	b. She was a very successful in her day, even gaining membership at the Royal Academy.
	c. She was successful in her day but was never able to gain membership at the Royal Academy.
	d. She became famous only after her death and was unable to succeed as an artist during her lifetime.

Question 99

Which sentence best classifies who John Singleton Copley was?

Choose one answer.

	a. He immigrated to London but was not a Tory.
	b. He immigrated to London and became a Tory.
	c. He fought with the English in the war against America.
	d. He was a passionate defender of the American Revolution.

Question 100

The general goal of Neoclassical artists was

Choose one answer.

	a. to spark revolution.
	b. to capture the realities of human experience.
	c. to express a transcendent idealism in classical form.
	d. to imitate known works of art from antiquity and the Renaissance.