Édouard Manet’s painting A Bar at the Folies-Bergere (1881-82) is considered a masterpiece because:

Choose one answer.

	a. Its unique combination of still-life, artifice and skewed perspective
	b. It helped incite moral and political unrest in his native France
	c. Its lewd depiction of the female form
	d. Its use of broad brushstrokes, rendering the work nearly abstract in appearance

Question 2

Identify the significant event in Claude Monet’s early career that forever changed how he approached painting.

Choose one answer.

	a. Monet was drafted into military service to fight in the Franco-Prussian War
	b. Monet moved to an estate in Giverny in the French countryside
	c. The French Academy rejected two of his paintings, claiming they looked “incomplete”
	d. Friend Eugene Bodin encouraged Monet to begin painting outdoors and experiment with plein air painting

Question 3

In his time, Gustave Courbet’s use and portrayal of female nudes in his paintings was widely considered to be:

Choose one answer.

	a. Vulgar
	b. Religious
	c. Classical
	d. Urban

Question 4

Monet’s Water Lilies series of paintings, created towards the end of his life, are a strong example of:

Choose one answer.

	a. The artist’s use of a portable easel while working outdoors
	b. An increasingly abstract perspective due to the artist suffering from cataracts
	c. A full and varied color palette that bore visual signs of Fauvism and Expressionism
	d. All of the above

Question 5

Realism is an approach to art that stresses:

Choose one answer.

	a. The absurd and comical nature of life
	b. Mythological and idealized subject matter, often religious in nature
	c. The artist’s personal expression of his/her unconscious
	d. The naturalistic representation of objects and figures

Question 6

The landmark painting Impression, Sunrise (1872) was made by which Impressionist artist?

Choose one answer.

	a. Edgar Degas
	b. Paul Cézanne
	c. Claude Monet
	d. Pablo Picasso

Question 7

The originators of Impressionism organized themselves and their art in response to what?

Choose one answer.

	a. The French public’s stated preference for art that appeared unrealistic
	b. Being shunned by academic art institutions, the French Salon and other government sanctioned art exhibitions
	c. Art critic Louis Leroy’s scathing review of a Claude Monet solo exhibition
	d. Bourgeois lifestyles that dominated Paris at the time

Question 8

Which sentence best describes why the painting of Édouard Manet is considered modern?

Choose one answer.

	a. Manet was an outspoken proponent of new technologies and believed art should represent these latest advancements
	b. Manet called for the annihilation of the French Salon
	c. Manet depicted snapshots of city and rural life while maintaining traditional motifs found in Realist works of art
	d. Manet had a romantic affair with his piano teacher, Suzanne Leenhoof, with whom he had a child

Question 9

Which term best describes an Impressionist work of art?

Choose one answer.

	a. A painting composed using loosened brushstrokes, and does not necessarily rely on realistic depictions of objects and figures
	b. Swirling, swaying and exaggerated brushwork, all used to express the artist’s emotional state
	c. Lacks the appearance of the artist’s touch, and is often made using industrial “non-art” materials
	d. Stresses the artist’s interest in mythological and primitive subject matter

Question 10

Which term best describes the type of training artists received at The French Academy?

Choose one answer.

	a. A concentration on working outdoors, also known as plein air painting
	b. A concentration on drawing from antique statuary and live models
	c. A multi-disciplinary approach that favored training in all variety of artistic media
	d. A focus on improvisational “action” painting

Question 11

Despite the classical approach to sculpture adopted by Auguste Rodin, which example best explains why the artist’s work is distinctly modern?

Choose one answer.

	a. In The Thinker (1880), Rodin depicts the subject as the ideal, strong in both mind and body, but evidently lonely and without purpose
	b. In The Kiss (1884), the depictions of intertwined human figures was considered at the time a lewd display of physical affection
	c. His use of nudity in much of his sculpture, as with The Age of Bronze (1876) was seen as a radical departure from accepted sculptural norms
	d. Both B and C

Question 12

Georges Seurat’s painting Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grand Jatte (1884-86) is arguably the best known example of what painting style?

Choose one answer.

	a. Pointillism
	b. Surrealism
	c. Abstract Expressionism
	d. Impressionism

Question 13

Paul Cézanne’s painting The Large Bathers (1898-1906) is a grand achievement in modern art because:

Choose one answer.

	a. The nudes in this work are rendered somewhat abstractly (though not completely), emphasizing the human form’s two-dimensionality, treating the human shape as a still-life
	b. The interaction of the human form and the natural landscape is almost Cubist in nature
	c. It was a direct challenge of all figurative tradition in painting that preceded Post-Impressionism
	d. All of the above

Question 14

Paul Gauguin’s painting The Yellow Christ (1889) is a strong example of Symbolism because:

Choose one answer.

	a. It was created after Gauguin had a vision of being visited by Christ
	b. Gauguin’s depiction of Christ is idealized in terms of color and form, and situated within a contemporary landscape during fall foliage
	c. It is a harsh commentary on organized religion, symptomatic of the artist’s contempt for Christianity
	d. None of the above

Question 15

Pointillism is a style of the Post-Impressionist movement that is best described as:

Choose one answer.

	a. The application of rich colors to the canvas in order to emphasize the natural effects of light
	b. A scientific approach to subject matter, based on laws of color theory, in which tiny daubs of paint are applied to the canvas
	c. The celebration of modern technology, with an emphasis on machinery and speed
	d. A visual, dream-like style designed to unlock the viewer’s subconscious

Question 16

The art of Gustav Klimt, during its time, was considered dated and not in vogue by some, due to the artist’s what?

Choose one answer.

	a. Undying loyalty to his wife and children, given that bohemian lifestyles were the norm for artists at the time
	b. His refusal to accept abstraction as an acceptable medium for painting
	c. Use of decorative elements in his paintings, and the combination of pre-modern (i.e. Byzantine mosaics) and present day motifs
	d. Affinity for painting self-portraits in a variety of contexts and settings

Question 17

The distorted, swirling forms and exaggerated brushstrokes of Vincent van Gogh’s work were in many ways a result of the artist’s what?

Choose one answer.

	a. Emotional and psychological turmoil, brought on by depression and epilepsy
	b. Romantic pursuit of his cousin
	c. His fascination with optics
	d. His brother Theo’s insistence that van Gogh find a new style of painting

Question 18

The style known as Art Nouveau is best described as:

Choose one answer.

	a. A turn-of-the-century movement focused on modernizing architecture and the decorative arts through the use of organic and geometric motifs
	b. A mid-19th century movement of decorative artists who set out to create a non-idealized style of art
	c. A movement led by French architects and designers who theorized a “new art” that would supplant all preceding modern styles
	d. A collective of European artists who believed painting and sculpture were superior to all craft-based art

Question 19

Vincent van Gogh’s painting Starry Night (1889) is widely considered the artist’s pinnacle achievement for what reason?

Choose one answer.

	a. Its emphasis on Pointillist composition
	b. Its abundance of blue and yellow paint, which were uncommon color choices for the artist
	c. Its radical departure from depicting naturalistic landscapes, combined with an exacting order of forms and lines on the canvas
	d. Its sale price, which exceeded at the time any price paid for a modern work of art

Question 20

Which is of the following is not true as it relates to Edvard Munch’s painting The Scream (1893)?

Choose one answer.

	a. The work incorporates visual and stylistic elements of Fauvism, Expressionism and even Surrealism
	b. Munch was inspired to paint the scene after crossing a bridge in Oslo and, according to him, hearing “the enormous, infinite scream of nature”
	c. This is not the only version of the painting; another was painted near the turn of the century
	d. The painting’s scene came to him in a vision following his admittance to a mental hospital

Question 21

Which of the following best describes why Gustav Klimt and other Austrian artists and architects founded the Vienna Secession in 1897?

Choose one answer.

	a. Their desire to bring modern art from all over Europe to a culturally-insulated Austria
	b. They were commissioned by the Austrian government to create new buildings and artworks in the city of Vienna
	c. They eventually planned to defect from their home country and build a new artist collective in France
	d. They had been black listed by their government and banned from creating any new public buildings or artwork

Question 22

Works by Marc Chagall, such as The Green Violinist (1923-24) and White Crucifixion (1938) are strong indications of the artist’s what?

Choose one answer.

	a. Love for and loyalty to the French Surrealists and the artistic style they celebrated
	b. His devout Judaism and the inspiration that came from both his pastoral Russian homeland and travels abroad
	c. Efforts to create a new religious order that focused on the divinity of painting and other art forms
	d. Experimentation with modes of painting that combined visual elements of Cubism and Expressionism

Question 23

One of the preoccupations of Impressionism that the Post-Impressionist artists were attempting to escape was:

Choose one answer.

	a. A strict adherence to classical painting standards
	b. A carousing lifestyle of drinking and womanizing
	c. The effects of natural light over subject matter
	d. Painting from still-life

Question 24

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner’s painting Street, Berlin (1913) depicts an urban scene in which two prostitutes approach the viewer along a narrow street. Which of the following best describes how the artist painted these subjects?

Choose one answer.

	a. Evidently with great sorrow, as suggested by Kirchner’s somber and muted color palette
	b. Rendered with sharp angles and mask-like faces, and structured to resemble an architectural composition
	c. As abstract forms, nearly unrecognizable as being anything representing the human figure
	d. As objects of lust and desire, as evidenced by Kirchner’s depiction of their nude forms

Question 25

Pablo Picasso’s painting Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon (1907) is widely considered the first Cubist work of art for what reason?

Choose one answer.

	a. Picasso published a Cubist manifesto the same year, insisting that the painting was launching a new movement
	b. Its highly experimental use of line and geometric shape in order to define each figure’s form and contours
	c. The women in the painting are comprised entirely of cubes and similar shapes
	d. The influence of African and ancient Iberian art which is evident in the work

Question 26

The Cubist work of Fernand Léger differed greatly from that of Picasso and Braque, mainly because:

Choose one answer.

	a. He adhered too strictly to Post-Impressionist and Fauvist styles of painting
	b. Of his fascination with things like architecture and American culture
	c. His rural upbringing inspired subject matter that diverged from the choices made by his contemporaries
	d. He favored the use of primary colors rather than monochrome palettes

Question 27

The Futurist artists were preoccupied with which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Going to war and becoming martyrs for their artistic cause
	b. The use of vibrant color in order to express the power of the human spirit
	c. Expressing the modern experience through depictions of speed, war and technology
	d. The pace of life and work as it concerned rural settings and pastoral landscapes

Question 28

Wassily Kandinsky established the group Der Blaue Reiter (“The Blue Rider”) in order to achieve what?

Choose one answer.

	a. Create a movement that celebrated speed, technology and the power of human achievement in the machine age
	b. Achieve lasting success and fortune by revolutionizing modern art with wholly abstract imagery
	c. Promote the power and supremacy of Communism as a form of government and communal artistic expression
	d. Promote modern art and the possibilities of spiritual experience through symbolic associations of sound and color

Question 29

Which best explains why the early paintings of Henri Matisse were considered shocking during the artist’s lifetime?

Choose one answer.

	a. His method of using paper cut-outs was viewed as a direct challenge to traditional art making techniques
	b. His use and application of color patterns was deliberately disorienting to the eye
	c. His creation of dreamlike landscapes, which resembled nothing grounded in reality
	d. His refusal to deal with representational subject matter

Question 30

Which of the following best describes Umberto Boccioni’s approach to painting in the Futurist style?

Choose one answer.

	a. He adored still-life as a medium and he strived to create a futurist approach for it
	b. He loved technological advancements but generally hated war, and avoided depicting anything related to it in his work
	c. He believed that the past had no bearing on how the present-day artist should view the world around him
	d. His chief preoccupation was with color and color theory

Question 31

Which of the following painterly character traits best describes the Expressionist style?

Choose one answer.

	a. Swirling, swaying and exaggeratedly executed brushstrokes that were implemented to express the artist’s emotional state
	b. Small points and daubs of paint applied to the canvas that together formed a cohesive image, but when viewed up close became almost abstract
	c. Seemingly disparate lines, forms and shapes that were juxtaposed to form multi-dimensional imagery
	d. Acrylic paint applied to the canvas using an improvised series of drips and splatters

Question 32

Which of the following statements best describes Georges Braque’s approach to Cubist painting?

Choose one answer.

	a. As an Analytical Cubist, he was interested in showing how objects look over time and in different spaces
	b. As a Synthetic Cubist, he focused mostly on abstract imagery and foreign objects
	c. As a Fauvist first and foremost, Braque was largely unconcerned with Cubism but only experimented with it because his friend Picasso insisted
	d. He was only concerned with applying paint that expressed his emotional state

Question 33

While developing the Cubist style, Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque restricted their subject matter to traditional portraiture and still-life, and used muted colors. Which of the following reasons best explains why this was so?

Choose one answer.

	a. Friend and patron Gertrude Stein insisted on this, otherwise she refused to purchase any paintings
	b. The pictorial space of the painting would not allow landscapes
	c. The use of bright colors would have been considered too Fauvist in nature
	d. To better maintain a visual clarity between the forms’ fragmented planes

Question 34

The Fauvism movement is chiefly characterized by what painterly trait?

Choose one answer.

	a. A focus on deconstructing the visual perspective of different forms and objects, wherein multiple dimensions were revealed
	b. Compositions intended to express the artist’s emotional state while painting
	c. A focus on landscapes, the figure and still-lifes, while utilizing a series of rich and non-representational colors
	d. A strict adherence to formal color theory

Question 35

Alexander Rodchenko was among a group of Constructivist artists who founded Productivism, a movement that believed art should do what?

Choose one answer.

	a. Be given away to the poor
	b. Be promoted as a practical and socially relevant endeavor
	c. Serve to destroy all forms of art that preceded it
	d. Spark a political revolution

Question 36

Dada artist Francis Picabia was well known for producing paintings with abstract imagery that was meant to mimic what?

Choose one answer.

	a. Renaissance-era frescoes
	b. Machines
	c. Comic book characters
	d. His dreams

Question 37

El Lissitzky’s series of Proun paintings were renowned for trying to achieve which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Create a three-dimensional space using abstract forms within a two-dimensional plane
	b. Make a statement about what architecture could accomplish in the near future
	c. Advance the supremacy of Russian artists working during this time
	d. All of the above

Question 38

For Marcel’s Duchamp famous readymade Fountain (1917), he signed the name ‘R. Mutt’ to what object?

Choose one answer.

	a. Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa
	b. A bicycle wheel
	c. A urinal
	d. A phonograph

Question 39

László Moholy-Nagy was known as an artist who:

Choose one answer.

	a. Abandoned his family late in life and moved to Tahiti
	b. Worked in a variety of media, including painting, sculpture and photography
	c. Wrote the first Dada Manifesto
	d. Created paintings comprised largely of squares and geometric shapes

Question 40

Man Ray’s art is considered to have represented which two modern movements?

Choose one answer.

	a. Impressionism and Neo-Impressionism
	b. Dada and Surrealism
	c. Surrealism and American Regionalism
	d. Expressionism and Abstract Expressionism

Question 41

Surrealist Max Ernst’s rejection of traditional painting styles and techniques was of great influence to which subsequent movement?

Choose one answer.

	a. Abstract Expressionism
	b. Color Field Painting
	c. Washington Color School
	d. Minimalism

Question 42

The Bauhaus school was known chiefly as a place where artists could do what?

Choose one answer.

	a. Learn in a majestic rural setting, away from the bustling urban center
	b. Be instructed in craft based arts only
	c. Receive practical instruction while being allowed to pursue multiple artistic disciplines
	d. Master techniques in producing Cubist portraits, in the tradition of Picasso and Braque

Question 43

The Dada movement of the early 20th century is known by which characteristic?

Choose one answer.

	a. It was opposed to nationalism, authoritarianism and any form of group ideology
	b. It was Communist in nature, and was founded on the principle of communal ownership and creation
	c. It was comprised largely of abstract painters who strived to achieve a new artistic language
	d. It was shut down at the beginning of World War I

Question 44

The following definition is describing which 20th-century modern art movement?: “Psychic automatism in its pure state, by which one proposes to express – verbally, by means of the written word, or in any other manner – the actual functioning of thought.”

Choose one answer.

	a. Dada
	b. Abstract Expressionism
	c. Surrealism
	d. Neo-Expressionism

Question 45

The motif for which Surrealist artist René Magritte was best known was:

Choose one answer.

	a. Mythological creatures
	b. Architectural structures
	c. Men in bowler hats
	d. Prostitutes sitting in cafés

Question 46

The oeuvre of Joan Miró can be said to encapsulate which of the following collections of artistic styles?

Choose one answer.

	a. Impressionism, Neo-Impressionism and Fauvism
	b. Cubism, Surrealism and Abstract Expressionism
	c. Dada only
	d. Futurism, Dada and Surrealism

Question 47

The subject matter of Salvador Dalí’s paintings can be said to symbolize the artist’s what?

Choose one answer.

	a. His sexual desires and frustrations
	b. His unconscious, or what he called “critical paranoia”
	c. His childhood
	d. All of the above

Question 48

The Suprematists’ interest in achieving the ‘zero degree’ of painting can be described as:

Choose one answer.

	a. Producing a work comprised entirely of circles and round shapes
	b. Finding the point beyond which the medium could not go without ceasing to be art
	c. Seeking a primitive form art that, in a sense, represented civilization’s return to zero
	d. Creating a harmonious and utopian vision for the future of modern man

Question 49

Which of the following art movements and styles did artist and teacher Josef Albers not inspire?

Choose one answer.

	a. Surrealism
	b. Geometric abstraction
	c. Color Field painting
	d. Abstract Expressionism

Question 50

Which of the following vocations practiced by Paul Klee was of great influence in his painting?

Choose one answer.

	a. Masonry
	b. Hiking
	c. Architecture
	d. Musical composition

Question 51

Who among the following artists is credited as the “father” of Constructivism?

Choose one answer.

	a. Paul Cézanne
	b. André Breton
	c. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
	d. Vladimir Tatlin

Question 52

The Ukrainian artist Kazimir Malevich was the founder of which modern movement?

Choose one answer.

	a. Dada
	b. De Stijl
	c. Suprematism
	d. Surrealism

Question 53

All of the following artists and writers are typically associated with Existentialist philosophy, except which one?

Choose one answer.

	a. Francis Bacon
	b. Alberto Giacometti
	c. Jean Tinguey
	d. Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Question 54

All of these artists and styles were direct influences on the Abstract Expressionists except which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Picasso and Cubism
	b. Matisse and Fauvism
	c. Ernst and Surrealism
	d. Boccioni and Futurism

Question 55

During its early years, the Museum of Modern Art was known for doing all except which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Purchasing and showing a variety of Post-Impressionist works by artists such as Cézanne and van Gogh
	b. Celebrating the work of Bauhaus art and architecture
	c. Recognizing the talent of Abstract Expressionist artists before they became commercially viable
	d. Compiling the largest museum exhibition of Cubist and early abstract art to-date, including works by Picasso, Arp and Delaunay

Question 56

During the Abstract Expressionist period, all of the following favored creating art that was entirely abstract (i.e. lacking any figurative qualities) except:

Choose one answer.

	a. Jackson Pollock
	b. Willem de Kooning
	c. Clyfford Still
	d. Hans Hofmann

Question 57

Franz Kline helped establish a form of painting within the vein of Abstract Expressionism, commonly known as:

Choose one answer.

	a. Pointillism
	b. Drip painting
	c. De Stijl
	d. Gestural Abstraction

Question 58

Hans Hofmann’s “push and pull” theory can be summed up by which of the following descriptions?

Choose one answer.

	a. One must physically stretch and retract the canvas before applying paint
	b. Pictorial space on the canvas is best expressed using contrasts of color, shape and surface area
	c. The artist must “push” the viewer with provocative subject matter in order to “pull” them in
	d. Art students will learn nothing unless they are berated with insults

Question 59

Helen Frankenthaler’s painting Nightmare (1989) is a strong example of which painting style that grew in popularity during the latter years of Abstract Expressionism?

Choose one answer.

	a. Color Field Painting
	b. Washington Color School
	c. Action Painting
	d. Conceptualism

Question 60

Jackson Pollock’s One: Number 31 (1950) is an example of a ‘drip painting.’ Which of the following statements best describes how Pollock went about creating such works?

Choose one answer.

	a. With the canvas placed up against the wall, Pollock tossed splatters of thick paint across the room, allowing them land at random
	b. Pollock would physically step onto the canvas and apply paint with his toes and fingers
	c. Pollock would blind-fold himself and drop paint onto the canvas directly from the can
	d. With the canvas lying flat on the floor, Pollock would drip paint using various utensils and allow the paint to soak in

Question 61

Mark Rothko’s painting Number 14 (1960) is a popular example of his work with “sectionals.” Which of the following best describes what Rothko was trying to achieve with these works?

Choose one answer.

	a. Encourage people to avoid watching too much television
	b. Create universal symbols of human yearning and statements about the condition of modern man
	c. Communicate through these mystical shapes the mental and physical healing power of Buddhism
	d. Express to the established art world that his work represented the pinnacle of Abstract Expressionism

Question 62

Piet Mondrian’s paintings comprised of horizontal and vertical lines, and primary colors, are all key examples of which artistic style?

Choose one answer.

	a. Dada
	b. De Stijl
	c. Futurism
	d. Cubism

Question 63

Richard Diebenkorn is a unique figure among the Abstract Expressionists for which of the following reasons?

Choose one answer.

	a. His aesthetic moved back and forth between abstraction and figural painting
	b. He was based in California instead of New York City, providing a West Coast base for abstract artists
	c. He experimented with installation and land art
	d. A and B

Question 64

The art critic and philosopher Harold Rosenberg was well known for taking which the following stances regarding abstract art?

Choose one answer.

	a. Abstract art should be a mixture of pictorial realism and popular advertisements
	b. The decorative qualities of an artwork were of paramount importance
	c. A work of art must be completely and utterly devoid of figuration to merit any attention
	d. The canvas surface was not for painting a picture, but something on which to record an event

Question 65

The art critic Leo Steinberg, who came to prominence in the 1960s, famously asserted which of the following ideas in his essay “Other Criteria”?

Choose one answer.

	a. “Painting is for the birds. True artists must focus their skills in other media, such as sculpture and photography.”
	b. “The new Guggenheim Museum’s spiral…creates a small but bothersome degree [on par with] the fun house in amusement parks.”
	c. “Modern art always projects itself into a twilight zone where no values are fixed.”
	d. “The canvas is an arena in which to act.”

Question 66

The mid-century art critic Clement Greenberg’s fullest response to Abstract Expressionism can be found in the essay entitled:

Choose one answer.

	a. Cezanne’s Doubt
	b. American-Type Painting
	c. Cubism and Its Discontents
	d. The American Action Painters

Question 67

The painting of Ellsworth Kelly – comprised largely of large, fixed shapes of color – heavily influenced the development of these modern movements except which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Hard-edge painting
	b. Minimalism
	c. Color Field painting
	d. Dada

Question 68

The pictorial device in painting known as the “zip” – a vertical stripe of color running the length of canvas – was popularized by which Abstract Expressionist?

Choose one answer.

	a. Barnett Newman
	b. Frank Kline
	c. Willem de Kooning
	d. Ad Reinhardt

Question 69

The signature abstract forms utilized in Kenneth Noland’s paintings – targets, stripes and chevrons – could be said to presage which modern movement?

Choose one answer.

	a. Minimalism
	b. Neo-Expressionism
	c. Pop art
	d. Land art

Question 70

Thomas Hart Benton was a popular practitioner and proponent of which artistic style?

Choose one answer.

	a. American Regionalism
	b. Abstract Expressionism
	c. Baroque
	d. Futurism

Question 71

Willem de Kooning’s painting, Woman I (1950-52) can be said to incorporate the visual characteristics of which two artistic styles?

Choose one answer.

	a. Dada and Pop art
	b. Abstraction and Figurative art
	c. Bauhaus and Art Nouveau
	d. Viennese Actionism and Surrealism

Question 72

A large number of artists from which modern movement were once beneficiaries of the Federal Art Project?

Choose one answer.

	a. Dadaists
	b. Minimalists
	c. Conceptualists
	d. Abstract Expressionists

Question 73

All of the listed artists were associated with Minimalism except which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Donald Judd
	b. Joseph Beuys
	c. Dan Flavin
	d. Carl Andre

Question 74

Andy Warhol’s iconic set of paintings Campbell’s Soup Cans (1962) is a key example of the Pop artist’s what?

Choose one answer.

	a. His effort to increasingly erase the artist’s hand from the production process
	b. Commentary on art as a product, seemingly no different than his subjects
	c. Effort to convince Campbell’s Soups to pay him for marketing materials
	d. Both A and B

Question 75

Carl Andre’s approach to Minimalist art heavily recalled, in both appearance and theory, the artistic approach of which preceding modern movement?

Choose one answer.

	a. Impressionism
	b. Constructivism
	c. Realism
	d. Neo-Dada

Question 76

Donald Judd’s iconic work Untitled (Stack) (1967) was in fact part of a series of works that he intended to achieve what?

Choose one answer.

	a. Appear as unique, three-dimensional combinations of color, industrial material, and light
	b. Create an optic illusion for the viewer, in which three-dimensional structures appeared flat
	c. Eventually be mass produced and used as bookshelves
	d. Be commissioned for outdoor installation, where the structures would be eventually deteriorate due to the elements

Question 77

In Frank Stella’s Minimalist and - later in life - series of abstract works, the artist was particularly well known for utilizing which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Hans Hofmann’s “push and pull” technique
	b. Natural light
	c. Shaped canvases
	d. None of the above

Question 78

Jasper John’s mixed-media work Target with Four Faces (1955) – considered by some to be the first work of Neo-Dada art – is a major departure from Abstract Expressionism because:

Choose one answer.

	a. It portrays recognizable objects
	b. He was creating art that doubled as an interactive game
	c. The work’s surface reveals rough brushstrokes
	d. It was made using only non-art materials

Question 79

Which of the following can accurately be said of Roy Lichtenstein’s methods as it applies to painting?

Choose one answer.

	a. He commissioned other young artists to produce paintings on his behalf
	b. Similar to Pollock, he drips paint onto the canvas in an improvised fashion
	c. Similar to Seurat’s Pointillism, he applied a series of dots to the canvas in near mechanical fashion
	d. He replied on natural light and other elements to inform his work, recalling the 19th-century methods of plein air painters

Question 80

Which of the following was not a major objective of Pop art?

Choose one answer.

	a. To gradually blur the line that divided “high” and “low” art
	b. To express a cool, almost ambivalent attitude towards the academic institution of modern art
	c. To provide a new form of commentary on the world of commercial advertising
	d. To help corporations sell certain goods and services

Question 81

The work of Robert Rauschenberg is widely considered to represent the beginnings of the Neo-Dada movement for which of the following reasons?

Choose one answer.

	a. He was largely rejected from the social circles of Abstract Expressionists
	b. His Combine works incorporated various found and non-art objects
	c. He claimed to be the personal disciple of Marcel Duchamp
	d. His preferred media included inverted urinals and bicycle wheels

Question 82

All of these artistic genres and movements are associated with Performance Art except which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Happenings
	b. Neo-Expressionism
	c. Body art
	d. Feminist art

Question 83

All of these artists are tied to the Neo-Expressionist movement except for which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Philip Guston
	b. Julian Schnabel
	c. Francesco Clemente
	d. Damien Hirst

Question 84

Allan Kaprow was a pioneer for which art movement?

Choose one answer.

	a. Pop art
	b. Happenings
	c. Post-Minimalism
	d. Color Field Painting

Question 85

Carolee Schneemann is most commonly associated with which of the following art movements?

Choose one answer.

	a. Postmodernism
	b. Performance art
	c. Feminist art
	d. All of the above

Question 86

Conceptual artists like Lawrence Weiner, Joseph Kosuth and Sol LeWitt all owe an artistic debt to which preceding artist and movement?

Choose one answer.

	a. Édouard Manet and Impressionism
	b. Marcel Duchamp and Dada
	c. Henri Matisse and Fauvism
	d. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Expressionism

Question 87

Eva Hesse’s work Untitled (1969), made from a collection of unusual non-art materials, including fiberglass, polyester resin, and cloth-covered metal wire, provides a strong precursor to which modern art movement?

Choose one answer.

	a. Land art
	b. Conceptual art
	c. Process art
	d. Feminist art

Question 88

Feminist art, particularly during its rise in the 1960s and 70s, is celebrated for achieving what?

Choose one answer.

	a. Challenged the authority of a male-dominated art world
	b. Blurred the boundaries that divide so-called “high” art and craft-based art
	c. Incorporated elements of performance, installation art and text
	d. All of the above

Question 89

For which of the following installation works is artist Richard Serra best known?

Choose one answer.

	a. 10,000 Oaks (a public installation of planted trees in Germany)
	b. Spiral Jetty (a land art installation in Utah)
	c. Dinner Party (a large feminist art-inspired installation)
	d. Tilted Arc (a work of weathered steel originally installed in downtown New York City)

Question 90

Jean-Michel Basquiat’s distinct Neo-Expressionist style of painting and drawing, as with Untitled (Skull) and Flexible (both 1982) are symptomatic of all these, except which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. His attempt at riffing on traditional self-portraiture
	b. The artist’s Puerto Rican and Haitian lineage
	c. His affinity for graffiti and street art
	d. His close friendship with Andy Warhol shortly before the Pop artist’s death

Question 91

Joseph Beuys’ work Fat Chair (1964-85), in which animal fat rests on a wooden chair, and gradually decays over time, was composed as a metaphor for what?

Choose one answer.

	a. The artist’s struggles with weight loss throughout his life
	b. The importance of fat and wood as basic survival tools
	c. The transience and impermanence of human life
	d. An artist’s need for quiet reflection and mental stability while working

Question 92

Judy Chicago’s iconic and large-scale installation piece The Dinner Party (1979) is celebrated for doing what?

Choose one answer.

	a. Highlighting the forgotten achievements of women in history
	b. Emphasizing the importance of line, form and geometry in postmodern art
	c. Bringing women artists together for a gala event to honor their work
	d. Providing an ironic statement about food and large gatherings

Question 93

Julian Schnabel’s early Neo-Expressionist paintings were heavily influenced by all except which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Mexican culture and early 20th-century murals
	b. Ornithology and bird watching
	c. Catholic iconography
	d. Conceptual art

Question 94

Marina Abramovic’s performance art incorporated all of these elements below except:

Choose one answer.

	a. Bodily mutilation.
	b. Physical endurance.
	c. Musical composition.
	d. Silence.

Question 95

Robert Smithson’s works, such as Spiral Jetty, Asphalt Rundown, and Amarillo Ramp, are all examples of which movement that came about in the 1960s and 70s?

Choose one answer.

	a. Neo-Dada art
	b. Minimalist art
	c. Land art
	d. Feminist art

Question 96

The art of John Baldessari is renowned for which of the following characteristics?

Choose one answer.

	a. Its use of land and earth
	b. Its appropriation of advertisements and images of celebrities
	c. Its use of fat, felt, and other non-art materials of personal importance
	d. Its absence of artistic authorship

Question 97

The Neo-Expressionist artist Georg Baselitz believed it was important to revive Expressionist modes of painting for what reason?

Choose one answer.

	a. To communicate to the world that painting, above all other media, was superior
	b. As a means of dealing with German national identity and art in the wake of World War II
	c. To call attention to the relatively new style of graffiti art
	d. He wanted to defect from his native Germany

Question 98

Which of the following statements best represents an artistic Happening?

Choose one answer.

	a. They only occurred at Black Mountain College in North Carolina
	b. It’s a performance comprised entirely of improvised music
	c. Performances rely on the use of fire, water and other natural elements
	d. It usually requires audience participation and elements of chance

Question 99

Which of the following statements relates to the work of Sol LeWitt?

Choose one answer.

	a. He believed the idea itself could be a work of art
	b. He believed that architecture was superior to all other artistic mediums
	c. He maintained that geometric shapes were the simplest and most honest form of artistic expression
	d. He created works that naturally deteriorated over time

Question 100

All of these sub-genres can be said to fall under Post-Minimalism except?

Choose one answer.

	a. Earth art
	b. Process art
	c. Pop art
	d. Body art