a. Roots, shoots, and leaves | ||
b. Roots, stems, and leaves | ||
c. Roots, trunks, and cones | ||
d. Roots, stems, leaves, and flowers | ||
e. Roots and leaves |
a. Sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels | ||
b. Sepals, petals, ovules, and pollen | ||
c. Sepals, petals, ovaries, and pistils | ||
d. Petals, anthers, styles, and ovules |
a. Golgi | ||
b. Endoplasmic Reticulum | ||
c. Vesicle | ||
d. Vacuole | ||
e. None of the above |
a. To serve as a mechanical support for the leaves, flowers, and fruits | ||
b. To furnish a path of conduction between shoot organs and the roots | ||
c. To serve as the primary organ for photosynthesis | ||
d. To act as a storage organ for water and products of photosynthesis | ||
e. All of the above |
a. Xylem and phloem | ||
b. Xylem, phloem, and pericycle | ||
c. Xylem, phloem, pericycle, and endodermis | ||
d. Xylem, phloem, pericycle, endodermis, and cortex | ||
e. Iron and carbon |
a. The molecular structure of the cell wall | ||
b. The presence or absence of chloroplasts | ||
c. The tissue systems they belong to | ||
d. Its presence or absence in vascular seed plants, vascular nonseed plants, or nonvascular plants | ||
e. None of the above |
a. It is a cell that entertains other cells of the plant that are lonely. | ||
b. It is a cell that controls adjacent sieve cells. | ||
c. It is a cell that controls adjacent guard cells. | ||
d. It is a cell that controls adjacent root hair cells. | ||
e. None of the above |
a. Sclereids; ground tissue system; sclerenchyma tissue | ||
b. Phloem; sieve-tube elements; vascular tissue system | ||
c. Trichomes; epidermis; dermal tissue system | ||
d. Cork cells: epidermis; dermal tissue system | ||
e. None of the above |
a. In leaves, just below the epidermal tissue | ||
b. Within the xylem and phloem of vascular bundles | ||
c. In the pith region | ||
d. In wood rays | ||
e. All of the above |
a. Cellulose | ||
b. Lignin | ||
c. Pectin | ||
d. Rhamnogalacturonan | ||
e. All of the above |
a. Parenchyma cell | ||
b. Collenchyma cell | ||
c. Guard cell | ||
d. Trichome | ||
e. All of the above |
a. Transpiration | ||
b. Absorption | ||
c. Anchorage | ||
d. Food Storage | ||
e. All of the above |
a. Tap | ||
b. Sucker | ||
c. Fibrous | ||
d. Adventitious | ||
e. All of the above |
a. Cork cells | ||
b. Guard cells | ||
c. Trichomes | ||
d. Tracheids | ||
e. All of the above |
a. They may be apical or lateral. | ||
b. They are areas where plant cell types arise by meiosis. | ||
c. They may be primary or secondary. | ||
d. All of the above | ||
e. None of the above |
a. It consists of everything below ground such as roots, tubers, and rhizomes. | ||
b. It consists of ground tissue, vascular tissue, and dermal tissue. | ||
c. It consists of parenchymal tissue, collenchymal tissue, and sclerenchymal tissue. | ||
d. All of the above | ||
e. None of the above |
a. They support the plant. | ||
b. They are dead at maturity. | ||
c. They tend to occur as part of vascular bundles or on the corners of angular stems. | ||
d. In many prepared slides, they stain red. | ||
e. None of the above |
a. They are alive at maturity. | ||
b. They function in storage. | ||
c. They are involved in photosynthesis. | ||
d. They make up the bulk of ground and vascular tissues. | ||
e. All of the above |
a. They conduct food from leaves to rest of the plant. | ||
b. They are alive at maturity. | ||
c. They tend to stain green. | ||
d. Phloem cells are usually located inside the xylem. | ||
e. All of the above |
a. They support the plant. | ||
b. They are dead at maturity. | ||
c. They are characterized by thickenings in their secondary walls. | ||
d. They often occur at bundle cap fibers. | ||
e. All of the above |
a. The solutes inside are toxic to herbivores. | ||
b. It is a specialized and complex organelle. | ||
c. It is where protein glycosylation occurs. | ||
d. Functionally, it is the cell's recycling center. | ||
e. All of the above |
a. Xylem is a term applied to woody (lignin-impregnated) walls of certain cells of plants. | ||
b. Xylem tends to conduct water and minerals from leaves to roots. | ||
c. Xylem may consist of parenchyma cells, tracheids, and vessel elements. | ||
d. Xylem tends to stain red. | ||
e. All of the above |
a. It is produced by the cambium. | ||
b. It occurs by growth of vascular cambium in Dicots. | ||
c. It does not usually occur in Monocots. | ||
d. It occurs in rows or ranks of cork, secondary xylem, or secondary phloem cells. | ||
e. All of the above |
a. According to the endosymbiosis theory, they were once free-living micro-organisms. | ||
b. They contain DNA. | ||
c. They are where photosynthesis occurs. | ||
d. Contain flat, disc-like sacs called thylakoids. | ||
e. None of the above statements are false. |
a. All eukaryotic cells have chloroplasts. | ||
b. Their DNA is always associated with proteins. | ||
c. All eukaryotic cells have mitochondria. | ||
d. All eukaryotic cells have plasma membranes. | ||
e. All eukaryotic cells have lysosomes. |
a. Mitochondrion | ||
b. Chloroplast | ||
c. Centriole | ||
d. Ribosome | ||
e. None of the above |
a. To fend off herbivores | ||
b. To obtain nutrients, especially in nutrient-poor soil | ||
c. To attract and seize cross-pollinating insects | ||
d. All of the above | ||
e. None of the above |
a. All plants | ||
b. Plants which grow in very arid, hot climates | ||
c. Plants of important agricultural value such as corn, sugarcane, millet, and sorghum | ||
d. Insectivorous plants | ||
e. Both B and C |
a. Blue | ||
b. Green | ||
c. Red | ||
d. Both A and C | ||
e. All colors of light (white) |
a. Seeds; cones | ||
b. Fruit; seeds | ||
c. Seeds; fruit | ||
d. Nuts; fruit | ||
e. Seeds; nuts |
a. The stroma side of the thylakoid; the lumen side of the thylakoid | ||
b. The lumen side of the thylakoid; the stroma side of the thylakoid | ||
c. The stroma side of the thylakoid; the cytosol | ||
d. The lumen side of the granum; the stroma side of the granum | ||
e. The cytosol; the stroma side of the thylakoid |
a. Through symbiotic relationships with nitrogen fixing bacteria | ||
b. Through symbiotic relationships with blue-green algae | ||
c. By uptake of ammonia from the soil | ||
d. By uptake of nitrogen gas from the atmosphere | ||
e. By the metabolic breakdown of proteins |
a. Root pressure | ||
b. Capillarity | ||
c. Cohesion | ||
d. Evaporation | ||
e. All of the above |
a. The dark reactions | ||
b. The light reactions | ||
c. Photorespiration | ||
d. Phototranspiration | ||
e. None of the above |
a. Cell elongation, cell maturation, cell division | ||
b. Cell elongation, cell division, cell maturation | ||
c. Cell division, cell maturation, cell elongation | ||
d. Cell division, cell elongation, cell maturation | ||
e. Cell maturation, cell elongation, cell division |
a. Sugars | ||
b. Potassium | ||
c. Amino acids | ||
d. Proteins | ||
e. Dissolved gases |
a. Mesophyll | ||
b. Epidermis | ||
c. Xylem | ||
d. Phloem | ||
e. None of the above |
a. The movement of water through the plant | ||
b. The movement of sugar through the plant | ||
c. The movement of solutes through the plant | ||
d. The movement of solvents through the plant | ||
e. All of the above |
a. The wasteful biochemical process certain plants perform when CO2/O2 levels are high | ||
b. The process of generation ATP from glucose and O2 by the mitochondria | ||
c. The process in the plant of moving water | ||
d. Dew formation on leaves | ||
e. None of the above |
a. On the stroma side of the thylakoid | ||
b. On the lumen side of the thylakoid | ||
c. On the lumen side of the chloroplast outer membrane | ||
d. In the cytosol | ||
e. None of the above |
a. On the stroma side of the thylakoid | ||
b. On the lumen side of the thylakoid | ||
c. On the lumen side of the chloroplast outer membrane | ||
d. In the cytosol | ||
e. None of the above |
a. Chlorophyll | ||
b. Lutein | ||
c. Beta-carotene | ||
d. Lycopene | ||
e. All of the above |
a. Gibberellins | ||
b. Cytokinins | ||
c. Abscisic acid | ||
d. Aldosterone | ||
e. Ethylene |
a. Potassium | ||
b. Phosphorus | ||
c. Nitrogen | ||
d. Sulfur | ||
e. Both A and B |
a. It is also referred to as the Calvin cycle. | ||
b. They occur during the dark. | ||
c. They fix carbon. | ||
d. They are interdependent with the light reactions. | ||
e. All of the above |
a. It is not of major use in plants. | ||
b. It can be a source for intermediates as needed to "jump start" seedlings as they change over from the complete respiration dependency of subterranean existence to life in the light above the soil. | ||
c. It generates NADPH and Pentoses. | ||
d. It is an alternative to glycolysis. | ||
e. All of the above |
a. The ETS (electron transfer system) between PSI and PSII consists of pheophytin, plastoquinone, cytochromes b and f, and plastocyanin. | ||
b. The ETS after PSI consists of special quinones, iron-sulfur proteins, ferredoxin, and a flavoprotein that reduces NADP+, and is often called non-cyclic electron flow. | ||
c. Electrons can also pass from the PSI ETS back to the cytochromes in the PSII ETS. This path is called cyclic electron flow. | ||
d. The source of electrons for photosynthesis is photolysis (the Hill reaction) that splits water and releases oxygen gas to the atmosphere. | ||
e. All of the above |
a. Endodermis | ||
b. Epidermis | ||
c. Mesophyll | ||
d. Vascular Bundle | ||
e. Cuticle |
a. Calyx | ||
b. Pedicle | ||
c. Corona | ||
d. Androecium | ||
e. Gynoecium |
a. Glycolysis | ||
b. The Krebs cycle | ||
c. The electron transport chain | ||
d. The Citric Acid cycle | ||
e. Both B and D |
a. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium; the soil | ||
b. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Sulfur; the soil | ||
c. Oxygen, Carbon, and Hydrogen; the atmosphere | ||
d. Oxygen and Hydrogen; the atmosphere |
a. Paleozoic Era | ||
b. Cenozoic Era | ||
c. Precambrian Era | ||
d. Mesozoic Era | ||
e. None of the above |
a. Paleozoic Era | ||
b. Cenozoic Era | ||
c. Precambrian Era | ||
d. Mesozoic Era | ||
e. None of the above |
a. 5-6 billion years | ||
b. 1.2-1.4 billion years | ||
c. 500 million years | ||
d. 1-2 million years | ||
e. 100,000 years |
a. 5-6 billion years ago | ||
b. 1.2-1.4 billion years ago | ||
c. 500 million years ago | ||
d. 1-2 million years ago | ||
e. 100,000 years ago |
a. Paleozoic Era | ||
b. Cenozoic Era | ||
c. Precambrian Era | ||
d. Mesozoic Era | ||
e. None of the above |
a. Plant-like protists and fungi | ||
b. Nonvascular plants (Bryophytes) | ||
c. Vascular seedless plants | ||
d. Vascular seed plants | ||
e. Angiosperms |
a. Paleozoic Era | ||
b. Cenozoic Era | ||
c. Precambrian Era | ||
d. Mesozoic Era | ||
e. None of the above |
a. Paleozoic Era | ||
b. Cenozoic Era | ||
c. Precambrian Era | ||
d. Mesozoic Era | ||
e. None of the above |
a. Paleozoic Era | ||
b. Cenozoic Era | ||
c. Precambrian Era | ||
d. Mesozoic Era | ||
e. None of the above |
a. Paleozoic Era | ||
b. Cenozoic Era | ||
c. Precambrian Era | ||
d. Mesozoic Era | ||
e. None of the above |
a. Paleozoic Era | ||
b. Cenozoic Era | ||
c. Precambrian Era | ||
d. Mesozoic Era | ||
e. None of the above |
a. Paleozoic Era | ||
b. Cenozoic Era | ||
c. Precambrian Era | ||
d. Mesozoic Era | ||
e. None of the above |
a. Hans Krebs | ||
b. Carolus Linnaeus | ||
c. Charles Darwin | ||
d. Robert Hooke | ||
e. None of the above |
a. Cycadophyta | ||
b. Pterophyta | ||
c. Ginkgophyta | ||
d. Gnetophyta | ||
e. Coniferophyta |
a. Psilotophyta | ||
b. Lycophyta | ||
c. Sphenophyta | ||
d. Pterophyta | ||
e. Gnetophyta |
a. Division Gnetophyta | ||
b. Division Lycophyta | ||
c. Division Psilotophyta | ||
d. Division Anthocerotophyta |
a. Hepatophyta | ||
b. Anthocerophyta | ||
c. Bryophyta | ||
d. All of the above | ||
e. None of the above |
a. Mosses | ||
b. Liverworts | ||
c. Hornworts | ||
d. Ferns | ||
e. All of the above |
a. Drying out | ||
b. Predation by herbivores | ||
c. Support | ||
d. Reproduction | ||
e. Gas exchange |
a. Division Ciliophora | ||
b. Division Chytridiomycota | ||
c. Division Psilotophyta | ||
d. Division Anthocerotophyta |
a. Genus, Division, Kingdom, Species, Family, Order, Class | ||
b. Kingdom, Genus, Species, Family, Order, Class, Division | ||
c. Species, Genus, Family, Kingdom, Order, Division, Class | ||
d. Kingdom, Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species | ||
e. Kingdom, Class, Order, Division, Family, Genus, Species |
a. A liverwort is a nonvascular bryophyte. | ||
b. A clubwort is a vascular seedless plant. | ||
c. A gymnosperm is a vascular seed plant. | ||
d. A fern is a vascular seed plant. | ||
e. None of the above |
a. They translate as "single seed leaf" and "double seed leaf," respectively. | ||
b. Monocot stems have their vascular bundles in a ring arrangement; Dicot stems have scattered vascular bundles. | ||
c. There is no pith region in monocots. | ||
d. Monocot roots have their vascular bundles arranged in a ring; Dicot roots have their xylem in the center of the root and phloem outside the xylem. | ||
e. Monocots have their flower parts in threes or multiples of three; Dicots have their flower parts in fours (or multiples) or fives (or multiples). |
a. Homospory is also referred as isospory. | ||
b. Homosporous plants produce bisexual gametophytes. | ||
c. Homosporous plants will only mate with other homosporous plants of the same gender. | ||
d. Ferns are a classic example of homosporous plants. | ||
e. Homosporous plants develop gametophytes from spores which are all of the same size. |
a. Chaparral | ||
b. Taiga | ||
c. Tropical Rain Forest | ||
d. Temperate Forest | ||
e. Tundra |
a. Chaparral | ||
b. Taiga | ||
c. Grassland | ||
d. Tropical Rain Forest | ||
e. Temperate Forest |
a. Sunlight | ||
b. Water | ||
c. Nutrients | ||
d. Space | ||
e. All of the above |
a. Chaparral | ||
b. Grassland | ||
c. Tropical Rain Forest | ||
d. Temperate Forest | ||
e. Taiga |
a. Atmosphere | ||
b. Autotrophic organisms | ||
c. Heterotrophic organisms | ||
d. Decomposition | ||
e. All of the above |
a. The food supply | ||
b. Competition | ||
c. Predation | ||
d. Parasitism | ||
e. All of the above |
a. Evaporation | ||
b. Precipitation | ||
c. Transpiration | ||
d. All of the above | ||
e. A and C only |
a. Tundra | ||
b. Taiga | ||
c. Tropical Rain Forest | ||
d. Temperate Forest | ||
e. Grassland |
a. Cellular and acellular | ||
b. Vascular and avascular | ||
c. Terrestrial and aquatic | ||
d. Terrestrial and atmospheric | ||
e. Gymnosperms and angiosperms |
a. Tundra | ||
b. Taiga | ||
c. Tropical Rain Forest | ||
d. Temperate Forest | ||
e. Grassland |
a. Marine | ||
b. Freshwater | ||
c. Tropical Rain Forest | ||
d. Temperate Forest | ||
e. Grassland |
a. Marine | ||
b. Freshwater | ||
c. Tropical Rain Forest | ||
d. Temperate Forest | ||
e. Grassland |
a. Grassland | ||
b. Tropical Rain Forest | ||
c. Temperate Forest | ||
d. Marine | ||
e. Freshwater |
a. Chaparral | ||
b. Taiga | ||
c. Tropical Rain Forest | ||
d. Temperate Forest | ||
e. Tundra |
a. Tundra | ||
b. Taiga | ||
c. Tropical Rain Forest | ||
d. Temperate Forest | ||
e. Grassland |
a. Boreal Forest | ||
b. Taiga | ||
c. Tropical Rain Forest | ||
d. Temperate Forest | ||
e. Both A and B |
a. Chaparral | ||
b. Taiga | ||
c. Tropical Rain Forest | ||
d. Temperate Forest | ||
e. Tundra |
a. Chaparral | ||
b. Taiga | ||
c. Tropical Rain Forest | ||
d. Temperate Forest | ||
e. Grassland |
a. Chaparral | ||
b. Tundra | ||
c. Tropical Rain Forest | ||
d. Temperate Forest | ||
e. Both A and B |
a. Tundra | ||
b. Desert | ||
c. Tropical Rain Forest | ||
d. Temperate Forest | ||
e. Both A and B |
a. Chaparral | ||
b. Taiga | ||
c. Tropical Rain Forest | ||
d. Temperate Forest | ||
e. Both A and B |
a. Chaparral | ||
b. Taiga | ||
c. Tropical Rain Forest | ||
d. Temperate Forest | ||
e. Grassland |
a. Chaparral | ||
b. Taiga | ||
c. Tropical Rain Forest | ||
d. Temperate Forest | ||
e. Grassland |
a. Tundra | ||
b. Equatorial | ||
c. Chaparral | ||
d. Desert | ||
e. Savanna |
a. Water | ||
b. Oxygen | ||
c. Nitrogen | ||
d. Calcium | ||
e. Phosphorus |