BIO402-FinalExam-Answers

Fill in the blank. The cell's organelles are suspended in ______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. mitochondria
	b. cytoplasm
	c. the nuclear envelope
	d. the plasma membrane

Question 2

Which connective tissue type has a liquid matrix?

Choose one answer.

	a. Areolar
	b. Bone
	c. Adipose
	d. Blood

Question 3

Which of the following carbohydrates is the preferred energy source for the body's cells?

Choose one answer.

	a. Sucrose
	b. Lactose
	c. Glucose
	d. Galactose

Question 4

Which of the following statements about a cell's nucleus is true?

Choose one answer.

	a. A cell’s nucleus contains DNA.
	b. A cell’s nucleus provides the cell's energy.
	c. A cell’s nucleus is the cell's control center.
	d. Both A and C

Question 5

Which of the following statements about atoms is true?

Choose one answer.

	a. Atoms are made up of positively charged electrons.
	b. All atoms contain neutrons.
	c. Atoms have protons in their nucleus.
	d. Atoms have several orbitals each filled with 8 electrons.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about proteins is true?

Choose one answer.

	a. Proteins are made up of 50 different amino acids
	b. Proteins can act as catalysts in a reaction (enzyme).
	c. Proteins are not impacted by temperature.
	d. Proteins can be combined to form polysaccharides.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about pseudostratified tissue is true?

Choose one answer.

	a. It is made up of multiple layers.
	b. It is made up of a single layer that looks like multiple layers.
	c. It makes up the outer layer of the skin.
	d. It is made up of cuboidal cells.

Question 8

Which type of muscle tissue carries out peristalsis?

Choose one answer.

	a. Cardiac
	b. Skeletal
	c. Smooth
	d. Stratified

Question 9

Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary and striated?

Choose one answer.

	a. Cardiac
	b. Skeletal
	c. Smooth
	d. Stratified

Question 10

Which type of tissue covers the body's surfaces and lines the body's cavities?

Choose one answer.

	a. Epithelial
	b. Connective
	c. Muscle
	d. Nervous

Question 11

Which type of tissue is involved in receiving and transmitting sensory information?

Choose one answer.

	a. Muscle
	b. Nervous
	c. Connective
	d. Epithelial

Question 12

If sodium chloride (table salt) is dissolved into water to make a solution, which of the following would happen?

Choose one answer.

	a. Sodium Chloride would be the solvent.
	b. Water would be the solvent.
	c. The salt would settle in the bottom of the container.
	d. The solution would not be homogeneous.

Question 13

How does a vaccine work?

Choose one answer.

	a. A vaccine initiates chemotaxis.
	b. A vaccine stimulates antibody production.
	c. A vaccine leads to phagocytosis.
	d. A vaccine causes blood vessels to become leaky.

Question 14

What is the role of fibrin in the acute inflammatory response?

Choose one answer.

	a. Clot formation
	b. Chemotaxis
	c. Antibody production
	d. Vasodilation

Question 15

What is the role of MHC (major histocompatibility complex) II cells?

Choose one answer.

	a. To present antigen
	b. To initiate chemotaxis
	c. To engulf pathogens
	d. To aid in antibody production

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the swelling that accompanies inflammation?

Choose one answer.

	a. Rubor
	b. Calor
	c. Tumor
	d. Dolor

Question 17

Which of the following cells are phagocytes?

Choose one answer.

	a. Macrophages
	b. NK cells
	c. Neutrophils
	d. Both A and C

Question 18

Which of the following cells is used to treat malignancies?

Choose one answer.

	a. NK cells
	b. LAK cells
	c. K cells
	d. Macrophages

Question 19

Which of the following is an oxygen dependent form of intracellular killing of pathogens?

Choose one answer.

	a. Lysozyme
	b. Lactoferrin
	c. Cationic proteins
	d. Myeloperoxidase

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT part of the acute inflammatory response?

Choose one answer.

	a. Chemotaxis
	b. Histamine release
	c. Antibody production
	d. Leaky blood vessels

Question 21

Which of the following is seen in chronic inflammation that is not seen in acute inflammation?

Choose one answer.

	a. Antibody production
	b. Vasodilation
	c. Clot formation
	d. Tissue injury

Question 22

Which of the following does NOT prevent pathogens from invading an organism?

Choose one answer.

	a. Skin
	b. Mucous membranes
	c. High pH
	d. Lysozyme

Question 23

Fill in the blank. An abnormal proliferation of cells with large nuclei that fail to differentiate or mature is known as a ______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. hyperchromasia
	b. dysplasia
	c. anaplasia
	d. benign

Question 24

Fill in the blank. The time between exposure to an infectious agent and development of signs and symptoms of disease caused by that agent is known as the ______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. clinical phase
	b. decline phase
	c. incubation period
	d. recovery period

Question 25

Which of the following changes associated with cell injury are NOT reversible and typically lead to necrosis?

Choose one answer.

	a. Vacuolation of cytoplasm with lipid droplets
	b. Swelling of cell due to fluid accumulation
	c. Loss of membrane integrity
	d. Cell blebbing

Question 26

Which of the following is characteristic of a latent infection?

Choose one answer.

	a. It infects only a healthy person.
	b. It may have periods with no symptoms.
	c. It is confined to one area of the body.
	d. It develops slowly and is usually severe.

Question 27

Which of the following is false regarding necrosis and apoptosis?

Choose one answer.

	a. The process of apoptosis includes the inflammatory response.
	b. Apoptosis is an active process.
	c. Necrosis is a passive process.
	d. Necrosis occurs as the result of a pathological (disease) process.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT seen as the earliest manifestation of malignancy?

Choose one answer.

	a. Diabetes mellitus from insulin producing tumor
	b. Cushing's syndrome from an ATCH producing tumor
	c. Hypercalcemia from a calcium producing tumor
	d. Trousseau's syndrome from tumor that activates clotting factors

Question 29

Which of the following statements about hypoxic cell injury (hypoxia) is true?

Choose one answer.

	a. It involves fat accumulation inside the cell.
	b. It increases triglyceride synthesis.
	c. It results in increased cytoplasmic sodium.
	d. It leads to loss of membrane integrity and function.

Question 30

Which of the following statements about malignant tumor cells is true?

Choose one answer.

	a. Malignant tumor cells are differentiated.
	b. Malignant tumor cells have numerous mitotic figures.
	c. Malignant tumor cells do not invade surrounding tissues.
	d. Malignant tumor cells have decreased nucleus size.

Question 31

Which of the following statements best characterizes influenza (flu)?

Choose one answer.

	a. It can be caused by bacteria.
	b. It is only observed in humans.
	c. It is restricted to one part of the body, such as the respiratory tract.
	d. It is caused by highly changeable strains of virus.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT an infectious disease?

Choose one answer.

	a. Malaria
	b. HIV
	c. Diabetes mellitus
	d. Tuberculosis

Question 33

Choose the best answer to fill in the blank. Lupus is characterized as a(n) ________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. hypo-immune function
	b. hyper-immune function
	c. acute condition
	d. easily diagnosed condition

Question 34

What do antiretroviral drugs do?

Choose one answer.

	a. Increase CD4 T cell counts
	b. Increase B cell counts
	c. Decrease viral load
	d. Both A and C

Question 35

What triggers the body's cells to take up glucose?

Choose one answer.

	a. Glucagon
	b. High glucose
	c. Steroids
	d. Insulin

Question 36

What type of immunoglobulin (antibody) is involved with an allergic reaction?

Choose one answer.

	a. IgG
	b. IgM
	c. IgE
	d. IgA

Question 37

What type of receptors in the lung cause constriction of underlying muscle and result in an asthma attack?

Choose one answer.

	a. Adrenergic
	b. Cholinergic
	c. Delta
	d. Epinephrinic

Question 38

Which cells are always defective in Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID)?

Choose one answer.

	a. B cells
	b. NK cells
	c. Phagocytes
	d. T cells

Question 39

Which cells are thought to be responsible for stimulating muscle contraction during an asthma attack?

Choose one answer.

	a. Lymphocytes
	b. Basophils
	c. Mast cells
	d. Alveolar cells

Question 40

Which of the following about Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 is true?

Choose one answer.

	a. Tissues are not responsive to insulin.
	b. The liver's ability to produce insulin is destroyed.
	c. There is little or no insulin to bind to the body's cells.
	d. Low blood glucose is often observed.

Question 41

Which of the following HIV proteins gets the virus's DNA into the host's DNA?

Choose one answer.

	a. Reverse transcriptase
	b. Integrase
	c. Protease
	d. Helicase

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a sign/symptom of Lupus?

Choose one answer.

	a. Fever
	b. Desire to sleep
	c. Achy joints
	d. Desire to be in the sun

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a treatment for Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID)?

Choose one answer.

	a. Chemotherapy
	b. Gene therapy
	c. Bubbles
	d. Bone marrow transplant

Question 44

Why might a patient test negative for HIV when they actually are infected with HIV?

Choose one answer.

	a. The test is not specific for HIV.
	b. Their antibodies have not developed to the virus.
	c. The HIV load is not enough to cause a positive result.
	d. The patient is on antiretroviral drugs.

Question 45

Choose the best answer to fill in the blank. A muscle fiber is ______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. a muscle cell
	b. actin
	c. myosin
	d. a fascicle of muscle

Question 46

Complete the following statement. The liver is involved in all of the following EXCEPT:

Choose one answer.

	a. metabolism of carbohydrate, fat, protein.
	b. storage of bile.
	c. detoxification of drugs and alcohol.
	d. storage of glycogen.

Question 47

Cystic fibrosis involves which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Sweat glands
	b. Oil glands
	c. Mucus glands
	d. Both A and C

Question 48

Fill in the blank. A second degree burn penetrates into the ________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. dermis only
	b. epidermis only
	c. epidermis and dermis
	d. epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous)

Question 49

Fill in the blank. The last part of the nephron where final adjustments to urine take place is known as the ________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. glomerulus
	b. collecting duct
	c. Loop of Henle
	d. proximal convoluted tubule

Question 50

Fill in the blank. The layer of the skin containing dead cells is the _______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. dermis
	b. epidermis
	c. hypodermis
	d. interdermis

Question 51

Fill in the blank. The structural unit of skeletal muscle from Z line to Z line is known as _________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. actin
	b. myosin
	c. a sarcomere
	d. a fascicle

Question 52

Fill in the blank. The tube that drains urine from the bladder out of the body is known as the ______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. ureter
	b. urethra
	c. Loop of Henle
	d. glomerulus

Question 53

How do the endocrine and nervous system differ?

Choose one answer.

	a. The endocrine system has fast signaling, while the nervous system does not.
	b. The endocrine system has long lasting effects, while the nervous system does not.
	c. The nervous system has slow signaling, while the endocrine system does not.
	d. The nervous system has long lasting effects, while the endocrine system does not.

Question 54

If a dog breeder is trying to determine if his female dog is HH or Hh for having the gene to hear, what dog should she breed her dog with to determine this?

Choose one answer.

	a. A male dog that can hear (HH or Hh)
	b. A male dog that is deaf (hh)
	c. A male dog that has hearing difficulties (HH or Hh or possibly hh)
	d. A male dog that is known to be HH

Question 55

If a man with brown eyes (brown is dominant) is BB and has children with a woman who has blue eyes bb, what are the possible phenotypes of their children?

Choose one answer.

	a. brown only
	b. blue only
	c. blue and brown
	d. green

Question 56

The skin is involved in which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Temperature regulation
	b. Sensory reception
	c. Protection
	d. All of the above

Question 57

What is the main difference between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA)?

Choose one answer.

	a. There is pain in the joints in OA, not in RA.
	b. RA is an autoimmune disorder, while OA is not.
	c. There is swelling of joints in RA, not in OA.
	d. OA causes inflammation of the joints, while RA does not.

Question 58

What is the main role of the endocrine system?

Choose one answer.

	a. To maintain homeostasis
	b. To prevent spread of disease
	c. To protection of body's organs
	d. To transmit rapid signaling

Question 59

What is the primary goal of the Human Genome Project?

Choose one answer.

	a. To show what gene does what
	b. To show how all genes interact with one another
	c. To show all of the genetic material on a living thing's chromosome
	d. To show what genes cause what diseases

Question 60

What is the protein absent in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) called?

Choose one answer.

	a. Actin
	b. Myosin
	c. Dystrophin
	d. Sarcoglycan

Question 61

What lab test is most sensitive and specific for myocardial infarction?

Choose one answer.

	a. Blood CK-MB
	b. Blood glucose
	c. Urine blood
	d. Blood calcium

Question 62

What part of the brain is initially impacted by Alzheimer's disease?

Choose one answer.

	a. Thalamus
	b. Diencephalon
	c. Hippocampus
	d. Cerebral cortex

Question 63

What part of the neuron is responsible for bringing the signal into the cell?

Choose one answer.

	a. Soma
	b. Dendrite
	c. Axon
	d. Myelin

Question 64

When a plaque ruptures prior to myocardial infarction, it results in which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Decreased blood flow to the brain
	b. Thrombus formation
	c. Development in the coronary veins
	d. Circulation throughout the body

Question 65

Where do the faulty genes come from in children with cystic fibrosis?

Choose one answer.

	a. The mother only
	b. The father only
	c. The mother and the father
	d. Neither the mother nor the father

Question 66

Which muscle type is voluntary?

Choose one answer.

	a. Cardiac
	b. Smooth
	c. Skeletal
	d. Both A and C

Question 67

Which of the following about bone density is true?

Choose one answer.

	a. It increases with age.
	b. There is only one technique to estimate it.
	c. A T score of -2 is indicative of osteoporosis.
	d. T scores are based on standard deviations.

Question 68

Which of the following about gene mutations is true?

Choose one answer.

	a. They always lead to disease.
	b. They usually occur in young cells.
	c. If found in cells other than egg and sperm, they can still be passed to offspring.
	d. They are often repaired by themselves.

Question 69

Which of the following about Syphilis is true?

Choose one answer.

	a. It has no cure.
	b. It has two phases—early and late.
	c. It cannot be passed from mother to baby.
	d. It begins with the formation of a chancre sore.

Question 70

Which of the following about Syphilis is true?

Choose one answer.

	a. It is caused by the virus Treponema pallidum.
	b. It is transmitted by casual contact with infected persons.
	c. The best test to diagnose it will depend on what stage it is in.
	d. It should not be treated using penicillin.

Question 71

Which of the following about the kidney is true?

Choose one answer.

	a. It filters urine.
	b. It does not produce hormones.
	c. It regulates plasma volume.
	d. It does not regulate electrolytes levels.

Question 72

Which of the following can occur with atherosclerosis?

Choose one answer.

	a. Angina
	b. Mini-strokes
	c. Transient ischemic attacks
	d. All of the above

Question 73

Which of the following demographics is at greatest risk for hip fracture as they age?

Choose one answer.

	a. Caucasian women
	b. Caucasian men
	c. African-American women
	d. African-American men

Question 74

Which of the following DOES NOT contribute to atherosclerosis?

Choose one answer.

	a. HDL
	b. LDL
	c. Smoking
	d. High blood pressure

Question 75

Which of the following DOES NOT make up the circulatory system?

Choose one answer.

	a. Pectoral girdle
	b. Quadriceps
	c. Pelvic girdle
	d. Diaphragm
	e. Heart
	f. Arteries
	g. Veins
	h. Lymph nodes

Question 76

Which of the following DOES NOT occur with glomerulonephritis?

Choose one answer.

	a. Blood in the urine
	b. Edema
	c. Increased glomerular filtration rate
	d. Hypertension

Question 77

Which of the following is a sign of liver damage or disease?

Choose one answer.

	a. Weight loss
	b. Chronic cough
	c. Jaundice
	d. Headache

Question 78

Which of the following is an endocrine only tissue?

Choose one answer.

	a. Pancreas
	b. Liver
	c. Gall bladder
	d. Pituitary gland

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?

Choose one answer.

	a. Support
	b. Protection
	c. Blood cell production
	d. Storage of potassium

Question 80

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hypothyroidism?

Choose one answer.

	a. Pale skin
	b. Cold intolerance
	c. Weight loss
	d. Depression

Question 81

Which of the following is required for neuronal signaling?

Choose one answer.

	a. High levels of sodium outside the cell
	b. Myelination of the neuron
	c. High levels of potassium outside the cell
	d. All of the above

Question 82

Which of the following is the most common cause of liver cirrhosis?

Choose one answer.

	a. Alcoholism
	b. Hyperlipidemia
	c. Hepatitis
	d. Both A and C

Question 83

Which of the following is used both as a reproductive and urinary pathway in males?

Choose one answer.

	a. Urethra
	b. Epididymis
	c. Scrotum
	d. Vas deferens

Question 84

Which of the following statements about DNA is true?

Choose one answer.

	a. DNA codes for proteins.
	b. DNA is made up of uracil.
	c. DNA is made up of bases visible to the naked eye.
	d. DNA codes for carbohydrates.

Question 85

Which part of the nephron is involved in plasma filtration?

Choose one answer.

	a. Loop of Henle
	b. Proximal convoluted tubule
	c. Glomerulus
	d. Collecting duct

Question 86

Which reproductive structure houses the developing fetus?

Choose one answer.

	a. Ovary
	b. Uterus
	c. Fallopian tube
	d. Urethra

Question 87

Which type of genes is expressed even if only one copy is present?

Choose one answer.

	a. Recessive
	b. Dominant
	c. Hereditary
	d. Protein

Question 88

Fill in the blank. Genes are made up of ______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. RNA
	b. chromosomes
	c. segments of DNA
	d. segments of proteins

Question 89

Fill in the blank. Decomposition of the body following death is known as ______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Rigor mortis
	b. Putrefaction
	c. Livor mortis
	d. Algor mortis

Question 90

Fill in the blank. If a body is warm and not stiff, death occurred most likely __________ hours ago.

Choose one answer.

	a. less than 3 hours
	b. 4-8 hours ago
	c. 9-12 hours ago
	d. 13-24 hours ago

Question 91

Fill in the blank. The reduction in body temperature following death is known as ________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. rigor mortis
	b. livor mortis
	c. algor mortis
	d. putrefaction

Question 92

How is postmortem examination helpful in medical cases?

Choose one answer.

	a. It can give information about progression of disease.
	b. It can offer family insight into familial (genetic) diseases and death.
	c. It can provide definitive diagnosis.
	d. All of the above

Question 93

What cannot be determined from an autopsy?

Choose one answer.

	a. Cause of death
	b. Time of death
	c. Food consumed prior to death
	d. Circumstances surrounding death

Question 94

What is involved in an autopsy?

Choose one answer.

	a. Gross examination
	b. Interviewing those present at the time of death
	c. Microscopic examination
	d. Both A and C

Question 95

What is the only way that Alzheimer's disease diagnosis can be confirmed?

Choose one answer.

	a. By presence of Amyloid plaques on autopsy examination
	b. By presence of dementia
	c. By the ability to recall older memories, but not make new ones
	d. All of the above

Question 96

What must a physician performing an autopsy for a crime scene always do?

Choose one answer.

	a. Study the police report to understand what happened to the victim
	b. Look for the most obvious reason for cause of death
	c. Talk to those present at the time of death
	d. Perform an examination with a keen eye for details

Question 97

What type of doctor (physician) performs an autopsy?

Choose one answer.

	a. Oncologist
	b. Endocrinologist
	c. Pathologist
	d. Embryologist

Question 98

Which organs are the last to decompose allowing identification of sex?

Choose one answer.

	a. Ovaries and scrotum
	b. Prostate and ovaries
	c. Uterus and prostate
	d. Scrotum and uterus

Question 99

Fill in the blank. Blood pooling following death is referred to as ______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Rigor mortis
	b. Livor mortis
	c. Algor mortis
	d. Settle mortis