Fill in the blank. A single celled organism without a nucleus or membrane bound organelles is known as a(n) _______________.

	a. Electron
	b. Eukaryote
	c. Plant
	d. Prokaryote

.

Prior to the 19th century, what was the primary language for naming scientific entities?

	a. English
	b. French
	c. Latin
	d. Greek

.

The letter e in correct orientation on a microscope slide will appear in what orientation when looked at through the microscope oculars?

	a. In the same orientation
	b. Upside down only
	c. Backwards only
	d. Both upside down and backwards

.

What is the magnification of the eyepiece or oculars on the microscope?

	a. 4X
	b. 10X
	c. 40X
	d. 100X

.

Which of the following adjustment knobs on the microscope should be used only at low (scanning) magnification?

	a. Coarse
	b. Fine
	c. Stage controls
	d. Diaphragm

.

Which of the following slides is prepared by scraping or swabbing an area, smearing it on a slide in a drop of water, adding a coverslip, and then staining?

	a. Prepared slide
	b. Wet mount
	c. Cross section
	d. Transverse section

.

Which part of the microscope focuses light on the specimen?

	a. Oculars
	b. Objectives
	c. Condenser
	d. Fine focus knob

.

Which scientist identified tiny cells in cork?

	a. Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
	b. Robert Hooke
	c. Marcello Malpighi
	d. Matthias Schleiden

.

Which scientist used a simple microscope that he invented to see animalcules, modern day microorganisms?

	a. Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
	b. Robert Hooke
	c. Marcello Malpighi
	d. Matthias Schleiden

.

Which type of microscopy allows scientists to visualize viruses and see intricate surface features?

	a. Light
	b. Phase contrast
	c. Darkfield
	d. Electron

.

Fill in the blank. Using a microscope, the ability to differentiate between two distinct entities (cells or molecules for example) is known as _________________.

	a. Parfocal
	b. Parcentered
	c. Resolution
	d. Magnification

.

Fill in the blank. The two MAIN components of the cell's plasma membrane are proteins and ______________.

	a. Lipid
	b. Nucleic acid
	c. Carbohydrate
	d. Keratin

.

Fill in the blank. When chromosomes swap sections with one another, this is known as ______________.

	a. Cytokinesis
	b. Crossing over
	c. Mutation
	d. Cloning

.

Final modifications of proteins and lipids are made in which packaging organelle?

	a. Endoplasmic reticulum
	b. Nucleus
	c. Mitochondria
	d. Golgi apparatus

.

Most of a cell's cycle, including G1 and G2 (growth) and S (synthesis), is spent in which phase?

	a. Prophase
	b. Metaphase
	c. Interphase
	d. Telophase

.

Ribosomes stud which of the following interconnected sacs?

	a. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
	b. Golgi apparatus
	c. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
	d. Nucleus

.

The chromosomes align in the middle of the cell in which mitotic phase?

	a. Prophase
	b. Telophase
	c. Anaphase
	d. Metaphase

.

The chromosomes condense and become visible in which mitotic phase?

	a. Prophase
	b. Interphase
	c. Anaphase
	d. Telophase

.

Which cellular organelle is responsible for supplying the cell's energy?

	a. Golgi apparatus
	b. Mitochondria
	c. Nucleus
	d. Endoplasmic reticulum

.

Which process results in four cells with a haploid copy of the chromosomes?

	a. Metaphase
	b. Mitosis
	c. Meiosis
	d. Cytokinesis

.

Which type of cell division produces two daughter cells from one parent cell?

	a. Mitosis
	b. Meiosis
	c. Fission
	d. Budding

.

Which of the following is the cell's command center and contains genetic material (DNA)?

	a. Endoplasmic reticulum
	b. Nucleus
	c. Mitochondria
	d. Golgi apparatus

.

Fill in the blank. Skeletal muscle fiber membranes are also known as _______________.

	a. Sarcoplasm
	b. Striato fibers
	c. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
	d. Sarcolemma

.

Fill in the blank. The cell body, where the nucleus is found in a neuron, is known as the _________________.

	a. Nervous system
	b. Soma
	c. Axon
	d. Dendrite

.

Single layers of which flat epithelial cells are found in some parts of the kidney nephron, as well as lining other tissues?

	a. Simple cuboidal
	b. Simple squamous
	c. Stratified cuboidal
	d. Stratified squamous

.

What makes up scar tissue?

	a. Elastic fibers
	b. Fibrocartilage
	c. Collagen
	d. Reticular fibers

.

Which background material of connective tissue may be solid, solid yet pliable, or liquid?

	a. Ground substance
	b. Fibers
	c. Adipose
	d. Fibroblasts

.

Which cells secrete matrix and produce fibers in connective tissue?

	a. Monocytes
	b. Fibroblasts
	c. Lymphocytes
	d. Erythroblasts

.

Which connective tissue has an abundance of collagen fibers but few cells?

	a. Cartilage
	b. Adipose
	c. Areolar
	d. Dense fibrous

.

Which connective tissue is the storage site for lipids and helps regulate body temperature by providing insulation?

	a. Blood
	b. Adipose
	c. Areolar
	d. Dense fibrous

.

Which epithelial cells look like multiple layers but are actually a single layer of cells?

	a. Simple squamous
	b. Stratified columnar
	c. Pseudostratified columnar
	d. Simple cuboidal

.

Which of the following is NOT a cell type found in connective tissue?

	a. Erythrocyte
	b. Osteoclast
	c. Fibroblast
	d. Neuron

.

Which of the following is the most widespread connective tissue, providing cushioning and support?

	a. Blood
	b. Adipose
	c. Areolar
	d. Cartilage

.

Which of the following is true of the Nodes of Ranvier?

	a. They are myelinated.
	b. They are found in dendrites.
	c. They are breaks of myelin on axons.
	d. They are found in the nucleus of neurons.

.

Which of the following muscle types contains intercalated discs?

	a. Skeletal
	b. Smooth
	c. Cardiac
	d. None of the above

.

Which of the following muscle types is NOT striated?

	a. Skeletal
	b. Smooth
	c. Cardiac
	d. All of the above

.

Which type of connective tissue is characterized by chondrocytes in lacunae?

	a. Blood
	b. Cartilage
	c. Dense fibrous
	d. Adipose

.

Which tissue lines the digestive tract, blood vessels, and the surface of the skin?

	a. Epithelial
	b. Connective
	c. Muscle
	d. Nervous

.

A bundle of muscle cells is known as which of the following?

	a. Muscle fiber
	b. Fascicle
	c. Filament
	d. Aponeurosis

.

Air in the alveoli exchanges gas with what cells in capillaries?

	a. Erythrocytes
	b. Lymphocytes
	c. Platelets
	d. Leukocytes

.

Arteries are comprised largely of which fiber type?

	a. Elastic
	b. Collagen
	c. Reticular
	d. Smooth muscle

.

Cardiac muscle cells are found in what layer of cardiac tissue?

	a. Epicardium
	b. Endocardium
	c. Myocardium
	d. Valvular

.

Fill in the blank. Lymphoid tissue in the large intestines is known as _______________.

	a. Microvilli
	b. Ampulla
	c. Peyer's patches
	d. Mucosa

.

Fill in the blank. Mature bone cells are known as _______________.

	a. Osteoblasts
	b. Lacunae
	c. Osteocytes
	d. Osteoclasts

.

Fill in the blank. Neurons that connect one neuron to another are known as ________________.

	a. Afferent
	b. Efferent
	c. Bipolar
	d. Interneurons

.

Fill in the blank. The concentric circles in an osteon are known as _______________.

	a. Lacunae
	b. Lamella
	c. Central canal
	d. Perforators

.

Fill in the blank. The epidermal layer where mitosis takes place is known as the _______________.

	a. Stratum spinosum
	b. Stratum basale
	c. Granulosum
	d. Lucidum

.

Fill in the blank. The outer layer of the kidney is known as the _______________.

	a. Cortex
	b. Medulla
	c. Marginal zone
	d. Pyramid

.

Fill in the blank. The outermost layer of the skin is known as the _______________.

	a. Dermis
	b. Hypodermis
	c. Epidermis
	d. Endodermis

.

Fill in the blank. The part of the nephron that contains a capillary tuft fed and drained by the afferent and efferent arterioles is known as the _________________.

	a. Distal convoluted tubule
	b. Glomerulus
	c. Proximal convoluted tubule
	d. Collecting duct

.

Fill in the blank. The structural unit of skeletal muscle is known as a(n) ________________.

	a. Intercalated disc
	b. Sarcomere
	c. Spindle
	d. Transverse tubules

.

Fill in the blank. The structure formed by the terminal cisterna coupled with a transverse tubule (t-tubule) is known as a ______________.

	a. Sarcolemma
	b. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
	c. Triad
	d. Myosin fiber

.

Fill in the blank. The sweat glands found in most skin types are known as _______________.

	a. Apocrine
	b. Sebaceous
	c. Eccrine
	d. Sudiferous

.

Herring bodies are found where?

	a. Anterior lobe of pituitary gland
	b. Posterior lobe of pituitary gland
	c. Hypothalamus
	d. Infundibulum

.

How many cylindrical masses of erectile tissue make up the penis?

	a. Two
	b. Three
	c. Four
	d. Five

.

How many zones (zonas) make up the cortex of the adrenal gland?

	a. Two
	b. Three
	c. Four
	d. Five

.

Liver hepatocytes are what type of cells?

	a. Muscle
	b. Epithelial
	c. Connective
	d. Nervous

.

Lymphatic vessels resemble veins in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

	a. Lymphatic vessels are thicker than veins.
	b. Veins have more valves.
	c. Lymphatic vessels contain nodes located throughout the system.
	d. Only venous capillaries exist, while lymphatic capillaries do not.

.

Pores in which capillaries allow materials to readily move across their cell wall?

	a. Continuous
	b. Closed
	c. Venous
	d. Fenestrated

.

Spongy bone is made up of which of the following?

	a. Trabeculae
	b. Osteons
	c. Lacunae
	d. Lamella

.

The cell body of which neuron type is NOT located in the central nervous system?

	a. Afferent
	b. Efferent
	c. Bipolar
	d. Interneuron

.

The neurotransmitter receptor found on skeletal muscle is what type?

	a. Acetylcholine
	b. Norepinephrine
	c. Serotonin
	d. Dopamine

.

The osteon system in compact bone is also known as which of the following?

	a. The Lacunae System
	b. The Osteocyte System
	c. The Trabeculae System
	d. The Haversian System

.

The parathyroid glands are located where?

	a. On the back of the thyroid gland
	b. Atop the kidney
	c. In the thymus
	d. At the back of the throat

.

The processes of what cells make up the blood brain barrier?

	a. Neurons
	b. Ependymal
	c. Astrocytes
	d. Oligodendrocytes

.

The term lamina propria describes which of the following?

	a. Underlying connective tissue
	b. A covering of epithelial tissue
	c. The presence of neurons
	d. Muscular supply

.

The valve cusp of the heart valves are made up of what fiber?

	a. Collagen
	b. Elastic
	c. Fibrocartilage
	d. Reticular

.

What are the primary cells that line the proximal convoluted tubule called?

	a. Squamous epithelial cells
	b. Adipocytes
	c. Cuboidal epithelial cells
	d. Smooth muscle cells

.

What cell in the pituitary secretes ACTH, LH, TSH, and FSH?

	a. Basophils
	b. Eosinophils
	c. Neutrophils
	d. Lymphocyte

.

What cell type is found in lymph nodes?

	a. Neutrophils
	b. Monocyte
	c. Basophil
	d. Lymphocytes

.

What feature in the small intestines increases surface area?

	a. Villi
	b. Ampulla
	c. Peyer's patches
	d. Mucosa

.

What is the changing loose connective tissue layer that sits below the epithelium that lines the GI tract called?

	a. Submucosa
	b. Lamina propria
	c. Muscularis mucosae
	d. Mucosa

.

What is the secretory unit of mammary tissue?

	a. Alveoli
	b. Septa
	c. Ducts
	d. Adipose

.

What mucous secreting cells are found throughout the GI tract?

	a. Simple squamous epithelial cells
	b. Serous cells
	c. Salivary glands
	d. Goblet cells

.

What type of cells are found in the sheath between seminiferous tubules and secrete testosterone?

	a. Sertoli
	b. Leydig
	c. Goblet
	d. Ductus

.

What type of epithelial cells line the epididymis?

	a. Simple cuboidal
	b. Simple squamous
	c. Stratified columnar
	d. Pseudostratified columnar

.

What type of tissue separates the seminiferous tubules?

	a. Epithelial
	b. Connective
	c. Muscle
	d. Nervous

.

When lymph enters the lymph node, what part does it move through to get to the single efferent draining vessel?

	a. Capsule
	b. Sinus
	c. Medullary cord
	d. Reticular fiber

.

Which cell type in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas makes insulin?

	a. Alpha
	b. Delta
	c. Beta
	d. Acinar

.

Which epidermal layer is found only in thick skin?

	a. Corneum
	b. Basale
	c. Granulosum
	d. Lucidum

.

Which follicle will most likely produce the egg that will be ovulated?

	a. Atretic
	b. Primordial
	c. Primary
	d. Follicular

.

Which leukocyte differentiates into T cells and B cells and is elevated during viral infections?

	a. Eosinophils
	b. Neutrophil
	c. Lymphocyte
	d. Monocyte

.

Which leukocyte is elevated during bacterial infections?

	a. Eosinophils
	b. Lymphocytes
	c. Basophils
	d. Neutrophils

.

Which leukocyte is the most abundant in blood?

	a. Basophil
	b. Neutrophil
	c. Eosinophil
	d. Lymphocyte

.

Which of the following are hair-like structures found on the surface of cells that line the respiratory system?

	a. Cilia
	b. Flagella
	c. Villi
	d. Intercostals

.

Which of the following are phagocytic cells in the lungs that remove inhaled particles and microorganisms?

	a. Neutrophils
	b. Basophils
	c. Macrophages
	d. Dendritic cells

.

Which of the following are the blood vessels that support absorption and filtration in all of the nephron except the glomerulus?

	a. Afferent arterioles
	b. Efferent arterioles
	c. Peritubular capillaries
	d. Renal arteries and veins

.

Which of the following cells found in blood carries oxygen and carbon dioxide?

	a. Platelet
	b. Monocyte
	c. Leukocyte
	d. Erythrocyte

.

Which of the following contributes to the color of the eye?

	a. Sclera
	b. Rods
	c. Cones
	d. Melanin

.

Which of the following is a blood vessel that brings oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?

	a. Pulmonary vein
	b. Pulmonary artery
	c. Cardiac artery
	d. Pulmonary capillary

.

Which of the following is a hexagonal shaped liver structure that contains a central vein with portal areas on the outer corners?

	a. Lobe
	b. Lobule
	c. Cords
	d. Sinusoids

.

Which of the following is a three unit globular protein that binds calcium?

	a. Tropomyosin
	b. Actin
	c. Troponin
	d. Myosin

.

Which of the following is involved in the development of varicose veins?

	a. Increased arterial pressure
	b. Venous valves
	c. Collagen fiber
	d. Decreased venous pressure

.

Which of the following is NOT located throughout the body?

	a. Epithelial tissue lining organs
	b. Muscle containing intercalated discs
	c. Lymph nodes containing lymphocytes
	d. Connective tissue providing support

.

Which organ is NOT part of the lymphatic system?

	a. Thymus
	b. Spleen
	c. Liver
	d. Tonsil

.

Which type of cells line the vagina?

	a. Simple squamous epithelial
	b. Simple cuboidal epithelial
	c. Stratified squamous epithelial
	d. Columnar epithelial

.

Which type of epithelial cell lines the follicles of the thyroid gland?

	a. Squamous
	b. Pseudostratified
	c. Transitional
	d. Cuboidal

.

Which type of muscle is found lining the esophagus?

	a. Skeletal (voluntary)
	b. Cardiac (involuntary)
	c. Smooth (involuntary)
	d. Both skeletal and smooth

.

Which type of neuron is found in the olfactory mucosa?

	a. Monopolar
	b. Bipolar
	c. Multipolar
	d. Unipolar

.

Which cell lines the entire cardiovascular system?

	a. Simple squamous epithelial
	b. Loose areolar connective
	c. Smooth muscle
	d. Cardiac muscle

.