Fill in the blank. A single celled organism without a nucleus or membrane bound organelles is known as a(n) _______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Electron
	b. Eukaryote
	c. Plant
	d. Prokaryote

Question 2

Prior to the 19th century, what was the primary language for naming scientific entities?

Choose one answer.

	a. English
	b. French
	c. Latin
	d. Greek

Question 3

The letter e in correct orientation on a microscope slide will appear in what orientation when looked at through the microscope oculars?

Choose one answer.

	a. In the same orientation
	b. Upside down only
	c. Backwards only
	d. Both upside down and backwards

Question 4

What is the magnification of the eyepiece or oculars on the microscope?

Choose one answer.

	a. 4X
	b. 10X
	c. 40X
	d. 100X

Question 5

Which of the following adjustment knobs on the microscope should be used only at low (scanning) magnification?

Choose one answer.

	a. Coarse
	b. Fine
	c. Stage controls
	d. Diaphragm

Question 6

Which of the following slides is prepared by scraping or swabbing an area, smearing it on a slide in a drop of water, adding a coverslip, and then staining?

Choose one answer.

	a. Prepared slide
	b. Wet mount
	c. Cross section
	d. Transverse section

Question 7

Which part of the microscope focuses light on the specimen?

Choose one answer.

	a. Oculars
	b. Objectives
	c. Condenser
	d. Fine focus knob

Question 8

Which scientist identified tiny cells in cork?

Choose one answer.

	a. Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
	b. Robert Hooke
	c. Marcello Malpighi
	d. Matthias Schleiden

Question 9

Which scientist used a simple microscope that he invented to see animalcules, modern day microorganisms?

Choose one answer.

	a. Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
	b. Robert Hooke
	c. Marcello Malpighi
	d. Matthias Schleiden

Question 10

Which type of microscopy allows scientists to visualize viruses and see intricate surface features?

Choose one answer.

	a. Light
	b. Phase contrast
	c. Darkfield
	d. Electron

Question 11

Fill in the blank. Using a microscope, the ability to differentiate between two distinct entities (cells or molecules for example) is known as _________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Parfocal
	b. Parcentered
	c. Resolution
	d. Magnification

Question 12

Fill in the blank. The two MAIN components of the cell's plasma membrane are proteins and ______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Lipid
	b. Nucleic acid
	c. Carbohydrate
	d. Keratin

Question 13

Fill in the blank. When chromosomes swap sections with one another, this is known as ______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Cytokinesis
	b. Crossing over
	c. Mutation
	d. Cloning

Question 14

Final modifications of proteins and lipids are made in which packaging organelle?

Choose one answer.

	a. Endoplasmic reticulum
	b. Nucleus
	c. Mitochondria
	d. Golgi apparatus

Question 15

Most of a cell's cycle, including G1 and G2 (growth) and S (synthesis), is spent in which phase?

Choose one answer.

	a. Prophase
	b. Metaphase
	c. Interphase
	d. Telophase

Question 16

Ribosomes stud which of the following interconnected sacs?

Choose one answer.

	a. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
	b. Golgi apparatus
	c. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
	d. Nucleus

Question 17

The chromosomes align in the middle of the cell in which mitotic phase?

Choose one answer.

	a. Prophase
	b. Telophase
	c. Anaphase
	d. Metaphase

Question 18

The chromosomes condense and become visible in which mitotic phase?

Choose one answer.

	a. Prophase
	b. Interphase
	c. Anaphase
	d. Telophase

Question 19

Which cellular organelle is responsible for supplying the cell's energy?

Choose one answer.

	a. Golgi apparatus
	b. Mitochondria
	c. Nucleus
	d. Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

Which process results in four cells with a haploid copy of the chromosomes?

Choose one answer.

	a. Metaphase
	b. Mitosis
	c. Meiosis
	d. Cytokinesis

Question 21

Which type of cell division produces two daughter cells from one parent cell?

Choose one answer.

	a. Mitosis
	b. Meiosis
	c. Fission
	d. Budding

Question 22

Which of the following is the cell's command center and contains genetic material (DNA)?

Choose one answer.

	a. Endoplasmic reticulum
	b. Nucleus
	c. Mitochondria
	d. Golgi apparatus

Question 23

Fill in the blank. Skeletal muscle fiber membranes are also known as _______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Sarcoplasm
	b. Striato fibers
	c. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
	d. Sarcolemma

Question 24

Fill in the blank. The cell body, where the nucleus is found in a neuron, is known as the _________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Nervous system
	b. Soma
	c. Axon
	d. Dendrite

Question 25

Single layers of which flat epithelial cells are found in some parts of the kidney nephron, as well as lining other tissues?

Choose one answer.

	a. Simple cuboidal
	b. Simple squamous
	c. Stratified cuboidal
	d. Stratified squamous

Question 26

What makes up scar tissue?

Choose one answer.

	a. Elastic fibers
	b. Fibrocartilage
	c. Collagen
	d. Reticular fibers

Question 27

Which background material of connective tissue may be solid, solid yet pliable, or liquid?

Choose one answer.

	a. Ground substance
	b. Fibers
	c. Adipose
	d. Fibroblasts

Question 28

Which cells secrete matrix and produce fibers in connective tissue?

Choose one answer.

	a. Monocytes
	b. Fibroblasts
	c. Lymphocytes
	d. Erythroblasts

Question 29

Which connective tissue has an abundance of collagen fibers but few cells?

Choose one answer.

	a. Cartilage
	b. Adipose
	c. Areolar
	d. Dense fibrous

Question 30

Which connective tissue is the storage site for lipids and helps regulate body temperature by providing insulation?

Choose one answer.

	a. Blood
	b. Adipose
	c. Areolar
	d. Dense fibrous

Question 31

Which epithelial cells look like multiple layers but are actually a single layer of cells?

Choose one answer.

	a. Simple squamous
	b. Stratified columnar
	c. Pseudostratified columnar
	d. Simple cuboidal

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a cell type found in connective tissue?

Choose one answer.

	a. Erythrocyte
	b. Osteoclast
	c. Fibroblast
	d. Neuron

Question 33

Which of the following is the most widespread connective tissue, providing cushioning and support?

Choose one answer.

	a. Blood
	b. Adipose
	c. Areolar
	d. Cartilage

Question 34

Which of the following is true of the Nodes of Ranvier?

Choose one answer.

	a. They are myelinated.
	b. They are found in dendrites.
	c. They are breaks of myelin on axons.
	d. They are found in the nucleus of neurons.

Question 35

Which of the following muscle types contains intercalated discs?

Choose one answer.

	a. Skeletal
	b. Smooth
	c. Cardiac
	d. None of the above

Question 36

Which of the following muscle types is NOT striated?

Choose one answer.

	a. Skeletal
	b. Smooth
	c. Cardiac
	d. All of the above

Question 37

Which type of connective tissue is characterized by chondrocytes in lacunae?

Choose one answer.

	a. Blood
	b. Cartilage
	c. Dense fibrous
	d. Adipose

Question 38

Which tissue lines the digestive tract, blood vessels, and the surface of the skin?

Choose one answer.

	a. Epithelial
	b. Connective
	c. Muscle
	d. Nervous

Question 39

A bundle of muscle cells is known as which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Muscle fiber
	b. Fascicle
	c. Filament
	d. Aponeurosis

Question 40

Air in the alveoli exchanges gas with what cells in capillaries?

Choose one answer.

	a. Erythrocytes
	b. Lymphocytes
	c. Platelets
	d. Leukocytes

Question 41

Arteries are comprised largely of which fiber type?

Choose one answer.

	a. Elastic
	b. Collagen
	c. Reticular
	d. Smooth muscle

Question 42

Cardiac muscle cells are found in what layer of cardiac tissue?

Choose one answer.

	a. Epicardium
	b. Endocardium
	c. Myocardium
	d. Valvular

Question 43

Fill in the blank. Lymphoid tissue in the large intestines is known as _______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Microvilli
	b. Ampulla
	c. Peyer's patches
	d. Mucosa

Question 44

Fill in the blank. Mature bone cells are known as _______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Osteoblasts
	b. Lacunae
	c. Osteocytes
	d. Osteoclasts

Question 45

Fill in the blank. Neurons that connect one neuron to another are known as ________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Afferent
	b. Efferent
	c. Bipolar
	d. Interneurons

Question 46

Fill in the blank. The concentric circles in an osteon are known as _______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Lacunae
	b. Lamella
	c. Central canal
	d. Perforators

Question 47

Fill in the blank. The epidermal layer where mitosis takes place is known as the _______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Stratum spinosum
	b. Stratum basale
	c. Granulosum
	d. Lucidum

Question 48

Fill in the blank. The outer layer of the kidney is known as the _______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Cortex
	b. Medulla
	c. Marginal zone
	d. Pyramid

Question 49

Fill in the blank. The outermost layer of the skin is known as the _______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Dermis
	b. Hypodermis
	c. Epidermis
	d. Endodermis

Question 50

Fill in the blank. The part of the nephron that contains a capillary tuft fed and drained by the afferent and efferent arterioles is known as the _________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Distal convoluted tubule
	b. Glomerulus
	c. Proximal convoluted tubule
	d. Collecting duct

Question 51

Fill in the blank. The structural unit of skeletal muscle is known as a(n) ________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Intercalated disc
	b. Sarcomere
	c. Spindle
	d. Transverse tubules

Question 52

Fill in the blank. The structure formed by the terminal cisterna coupled with a transverse tubule (t-tubule) is known as a ______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Sarcolemma
	b. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
	c. Triad
	d. Myosin fiber

Question 53

Fill in the blank. The sweat glands found in most skin types are known as _______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Apocrine
	b. Sebaceous
	c. Eccrine
	d. Sudiferous

Question 54

Herring bodies are found where?

Choose one answer.

	a. Anterior lobe of pituitary gland
	b. Posterior lobe of pituitary gland
	c. Hypothalamus
	d. Infundibulum

Question 55

How many cylindrical masses of erectile tissue make up the penis?

Choose one answer.

	a. Two
	b. Three
	c. Four
	d. Five

Question 56

How many zones (zonas) make up the cortex of the adrenal gland?

Choose one answer.

	a. Two
	b. Three
	c. Four
	d. Five

Question 57

Liver hepatocytes are what type of cells?

Choose one answer.

	a. Muscle
	b. Epithelial
	c. Connective
	d. Nervous

Question 58

Lymphatic vessels resemble veins in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

Choose one answer.

	a. Lymphatic vessels are thicker than veins.
	b. Veins have more valves.
	c. Lymphatic vessels contain nodes located throughout the system.
	d. Only venous capillaries exist, while lymphatic capillaries do not.

Question 59

Pores in which capillaries allow materials to readily move across their cell wall?

Choose one answer.

	a. Continuous
	b. Closed
	c. Venous
	d. Fenestrated

Question 60

Spongy bone is made up of which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Trabeculae
	b. Osteons
	c. Lacunae
	d. Lamella

Question 61

The cell body of which neuron type is NOT located in the central nervous system?

Choose one answer.

	a. Afferent
	b. Efferent
	c. Bipolar
	d. Interneuron

Question 62

The neurotransmitter receptor found on skeletal muscle is what type?

Choose one answer.

	a. Acetylcholine
	b. Norepinephrine
	c. Serotonin
	d. Dopamine

Question 63

The osteon system in compact bone is also known as which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. The Lacunae System
	b. The Osteocyte System
	c. The Trabeculae System
	d. The Haversian System

Question 64

The parathyroid glands are located where?

Choose one answer.

	a. On the back of the thyroid gland
	b. Atop the kidney
	c. In the thymus
	d. At the back of the throat

Question 65

The processes of what cells make up the blood brain barrier?

Choose one answer.

	a. Neurons
	b. Ependymal
	c. Astrocytes
	d. Oligodendrocytes

Question 66

The term lamina propria describes which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Underlying connective tissue
	b. A covering of epithelial tissue
	c. The presence of neurons
	d. Muscular supply

Question 67

The valve cusp of the heart valves are made up of what fiber?

Choose one answer.

	a. Collagen
	b. Elastic
	c. Fibrocartilage
	d. Reticular

Question 68

What are the primary cells that line the proximal convoluted tubule called?

Choose one answer.

	a. Squamous epithelial cells
	b. Adipocytes
	c. Cuboidal epithelial cells
	d. Smooth muscle cells

Question 69

What cell in the pituitary secretes ACTH, LH, TSH, and FSH?

Choose one answer.

	a. Basophils
	b. Eosinophils
	c. Neutrophils
	d. Lymphocyte

Question 70

What cell type is found in lymph nodes?

Choose one answer.

	a. Neutrophils
	b. Monocyte
	c. Basophil
	d. Lymphocytes

Question 71

What feature in the small intestines increases surface area?

Choose one answer.

	a. Villi
	b. Ampulla
	c. Peyer's patches
	d. Mucosa

Question 72

What is the changing loose connective tissue layer that sits below the epithelium that lines the GI tract called?

Choose one answer.

	a. Submucosa
	b. Lamina propria
	c. Muscularis mucosae
	d. Mucosa

Question 73

What is the secretory unit of mammary tissue?

Choose one answer.

	a. Alveoli
	b. Septa
	c. Ducts
	d. Adipose

Question 74

What mucous secreting cells are found throughout the GI tract?

Choose one answer.

	a. Simple squamous epithelial cells
	b. Serous cells
	c. Salivary glands
	d. Goblet cells

Question 75

What type of cells are found in the sheath between seminiferous tubules and secrete testosterone?

Choose one answer.

	a. Sertoli
	b. Leydig
	c. Goblet
	d. Ductus

Question 76

What type of epithelial cells line the epididymis?

Choose one answer.

	a. Simple cuboidal
	b. Simple squamous
	c. Stratified columnar
	d. Pseudostratified columnar

Question 77

What type of tissue separates the seminiferous tubules?

Choose one answer.

	a. Epithelial
	b. Connective
	c. Muscle
	d. Nervous

Question 78

When lymph enters the lymph node, what part does it move through to get to the single efferent draining vessel?

Choose one answer.

	a. Capsule
	b. Sinus
	c. Medullary cord
	d. Reticular fiber

Question 79

Which cell type in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas makes insulin?

Choose one answer.

	a. Alpha
	b. Delta
	c. Beta
	d. Acinar

Question 80

Which epidermal layer is found only in thick skin?

Choose one answer.

	a. Corneum
	b. Basale
	c. Granulosum
	d. Lucidum

Question 81

Which follicle will most likely produce the egg that will be ovulated?

Choose one answer.

	a. Atretic
	b. Primordial
	c. Primary
	d. Follicular

Question 82

Which leukocyte differentiates into T cells and B cells and is elevated during viral infections?

Choose one answer.

	a. Eosinophils
	b. Neutrophil
	c. Lymphocyte
	d. Monocyte

Question 83

Which leukocyte is elevated during bacterial infections?

Choose one answer.

	a. Eosinophils
	b. Lymphocytes
	c. Basophils
	d. Neutrophils

Question 84

Which leukocyte is the most abundant in blood?

Choose one answer.

	a. Basophil
	b. Neutrophil
	c. Eosinophil
	d. Lymphocyte

Question 85

Which of the following are hair-like structures found on the surface of cells that line the respiratory system?

Choose one answer.

	a. Cilia
	b. Flagella
	c. Villi
	d. Intercostals

Question 86

Which of the following are phagocytic cells in the lungs that remove inhaled particles and microorganisms?

Choose one answer.

	a. Neutrophils
	b. Basophils
	c. Macrophages
	d. Dendritic cells

Question 87

Which of the following are the blood vessels that support absorption and filtration in all of the nephron except the glomerulus?

Choose one answer.

	a. Afferent arterioles
	b. Efferent arterioles
	c. Peritubular capillaries
	d. Renal arteries and veins

Question 88

Which of the following cells found in blood carries oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Choose one answer.

	a. Platelet
	b. Monocyte
	c. Leukocyte
	d. Erythrocyte

Question 89

Which of the following contributes to the color of the eye?

Choose one answer.

	a. Sclera
	b. Rods
	c. Cones
	d. Melanin

Question 90

Which of the following is a blood vessel that brings oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?

Choose one answer.

	a. Pulmonary vein
	b. Pulmonary artery
	c. Cardiac artery
	d. Pulmonary capillary

Question 91

Which of the following is a hexagonal shaped liver structure that contains a central vein with portal areas on the outer corners?

Choose one answer.

	a. Lobe
	b. Lobule
	c. Cords
	d. Sinusoids

Question 92

Which of the following is a three unit globular protein that binds calcium?

Choose one answer.

	a. Tropomyosin
	b. Actin
	c. Troponin
	d. Myosin

Question 93

Which of the following is involved in the development of varicose veins?

Choose one answer.

	a. Increased arterial pressure
	b. Venous valves
	c. Collagen fiber
	d. Decreased venous pressure

Question 94

Which of the following is NOT located throughout the body?

Choose one answer.

	a. Epithelial tissue lining organs
	b. Muscle containing intercalated discs
	c. Lymph nodes containing lymphocytes
	d. Connective tissue providing support

Question 95

Which organ is NOT part of the lymphatic system?

Choose one answer.

	a. Thymus
	b. Spleen
	c. Liver
	d. Tonsil

Question 96

Which type of cells line the vagina?

Choose one answer.

	a. Simple squamous epithelial
	b. Simple cuboidal epithelial
	c. Stratified squamous epithelial
	d. Columnar epithelial

Question 97

Which type of epithelial cell lines the follicles of the thyroid gland?

Choose one answer.

	a. Squamous
	b. Pseudostratified
	c. Transitional
	d. Cuboidal

Question 98

Which type of muscle is found lining the esophagus?

Choose one answer.

	a. Skeletal (voluntary)
	b. Cardiac (involuntary)
	c. Smooth (involuntary)
	d. Both skeletal and smooth

Question 99

Which type of neuron is found in the olfactory mucosa?

Choose one answer.

	a. Monopolar
	b. Bipolar
	c. Multipolar
	d. Unipolar

Question 100

Which cell lines the entire cardiovascular system?

Choose one answer.

	a. Simple squamous epithelial
	b. Loose areolar connective
	c. Smooth muscle
	d. Cardiac muscle