Identify all of the statements below in which a media-related term is used INCORRECTLY.

A. One of the informal roles of the royal family, especially its younger members, is to act as a gatekeeper for popular trends in fashion, lifestyles, and even language.
B. The U.S. Government Accountability Office tracks all matters involving the government’s use of public funds and distributes propaganda to keep the public informed.
C. The editor felt compelled by her role as a media gatekeeper to publish only content that came from credible sources.
D. The convergence of newspapers and the Internet has had a significant impact on the careers of many journalists.

	a. A and B
	b. B and C
	c. C and D
	d. D and A
	e. All of the statements use the terms correctly.

.

Using the table and codes below, match each term to its definition.

TERMS:

A. Culture
B. Gatekeeper
C. Convergence
D. Propaganda
E. Tastemaker

DEFINITIONS:

1. When different media technologies share content, applications, and resources
2. Persuasive communication that distorts the truth, selectively presents facts, or uses emotional appeals for ideological, political, or commercial purposes
3. People or institutions that influence what others prefer
4. People who decide what information reaches the public through the media
5. When people act out the ideas they share with others about reality, the world, and themselves

	a. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1, E-5
	b. A-5, B-4, C-1, D-2, E-3
	c. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1, E-5
	d. A-5, B-4, C-1, D-2, E-3
	e. A-3, B-5, C-1, D-2, E-4

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What traditional role within the media has been minimized because of the way the information storage and interactive qualities of the Internet expose people to a wider variety of perspectives?

	a. Gatekeeper
	b. Opinion leader
	c. Editor
	d. Reporter
	e. Critic

.

When analyzing media messages, which of the following question(s) is/are the most important with respect to becoming more media literate?

	a. Who created this message and why is it being sent?
	b. What creative techniques attracted my attention, and what values, lifestyles, and viewpoints are or are not included in the message?
	c. How might different people understand this message differently?
	d. A and C
	e. A, B, and C

.

Which of the following are the four roles that the media can perform in a society?

	a. Information storage, information dissemination, information utilization, and information creation
	b. Production, performance, personalization, and popularity
	c. Access, dialogue, activism, and distribution
	d. Entertainment, education, discussion, and monitoring
	e. Democratization, internationalization, self-actualization, and activation

.

Which of the following show(s) ways that the modern era differed from the postmodern era?

	a. The modern era was characterized by creative thought that supported order, reason, and stability, while the postmodern era is associated with fragmentation, instability, and unpredictability.
	b. Truth was objective and absolute in the modern era, while in the postmodern era, truth depends on subjective conclusions of the observer.
	c. The modern era valued depictions of reality and realism as presented by the producer, while the postmodern era emphasizes the artificial nature of storytelling and its interpretation by the consumer.
	d. The postmodern era rejects the large-scale theories used in the modern era to explain such things as economic and social order, favoring instead micro-narratives that accept the diversity and unpredictability of human experience.
	e. All of these

.

What technological trait did the early histories of radio and television have in common with modern cell phones and wireless networks and what is the most significant impact of that trait on the media?

	a. Audiovisual communication has created more media products.
	b. Lower signal to noise ratios have increased the efficiency of signal generation and propagation.
	c. Radio waves have enabled the distribution of messages to larger audiences than ever before.
	d. Transistors reduced the size of broadcasting components and produced greater portability.
	e. Digital compression reduced the file sizes at the signal's point of origin, resulting in a faster image with improved fidelity.

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Identify the statement below in which a media-related term is used INCORRECTLY.

A. He attributed his loss to media bias, which he claimed distorted his policy proposals to make them appear more extreme than they actually were.
B. The stereotype of the stay-at-home wife waiting for her husband to return from work to eat a wholesome dinner she made from scratch has become extinct even on television.
C. You could argue that agenda setting is actually a form of media bias.
D. Cable television has become a leading producer of new media products and programming.

	a. A
	b. B
	c. C
	d. D
	e. All of the statements use the terms correctly.

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In the table below, connect the theory with the conclusions drawn from it.

THEORY:
A. Agenda setting
B. Uses and gratifications
C. Symbolic interactionism
D. The spiral of silence
E. Cultivation analysis

CONCLUSION:
1. The media influences cultural evolution by creating and propagating shared cultural symbols.
2. Heavy media exposure, especially if it involves television, can influence how a person sees reality and interprets the world.
3. Instead of reflecting the public’s views, the mass media control those views by determining what people think about.
4. The media creates an illusion of consensus that pressures people with opposing views to avoid expressing them.
5. A person’s needs determine the media that person consumes.

	a. A-3, B-5, C-1, D-4, E-2
	b. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3, E-5
	c. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4, E-5
	d. A-1, B-4, C-5, D-3, E-2
	e. A-1, B-5, C-3, D-2, E-4

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Using the table and codes below, match each term to its definition.

TERMS:

A. Agenda setting
B. Stereotypes
C. New media
D. Media bias

DEFINITIONS:

1. When the media exhibits a negative or positive imbalance in how people or other subjects are covered
2. Digital communication
3. When media coverage determines what people are thinking about
4. Images or characteristics used to make generalizations about a group of people and that often result in marginalizing that group

	a. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
	b. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
	c. A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
	d. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
	e. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1

.

What single factor associated with the media’s effect on culture have critics and scholars linked most frequently to personal vices such as violent or compulsive behavior?

	a. Media images
	b. Media consumption
	c. Media messages
	d. Media selection
	e. Media technology

.

Which research method would you choose if you were able to access the media itself but not any of the people who create or consume it?

	a. Surveys or depth interviews
	b. Content analysis, rhetorical analysis, or archival research
	c. Focus groups, experiments, or participant observation
	d. Social role analysis
	e. None of the above

.

Compare the characteristics of the three book formats by identifying which column in the table below contains one or more cells that are INCORRECT?

	a. Price
	b. Durability
	c. Portability
	d. Popularity
	e. None; all are correct

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Identify the statement below in which a term is used INCORRECTLY.

STATEMENTS:
A. When it was discovered that Jonathan had turned in Shakespeare’s narrative poem, “A Lover’s Complaint,” as his own poetry assignment, he was expelled from the university for copyright infringement.
B. The LitNow Book Machine uses state-of-the-art digital technology and color processing to produce hardcover or paperback books for self-publishing or print-on-demand sales.
C. My teacher gave each of us copies of an article from a magazine, but she doesn’t have to worry about getting into legal trouble because she says the copies are fair use of the material.
D. Since all of the reading assignments in my Eighteenth Century Literature course are in the public domain, I advise students to save money on textbooks by reading them online.

	a. A
	b. B
	c. C
	d. D
	e. All of the statements use the terms correctly.

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If you rewrote and published in South Africa Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, using the South African language of Afrikaans and including changes in the book to make it reflect not only pre-Civil War America but also the era of South African apartheid, could Beecher Stowe’s descendants sue you in the United States for copyright infringement?

	a. No, because international copyright laws can differ from U.S. copyright laws.
	b. No, because Uncle Tom’s Cabin is in the public domain.
	c. Yes, because the public domain extends through the lifetime of all descendants.
	d. Yes, because by international pact, copyright laws extend beyond national boundaries.
	e. Infringement can’t be determined with this information because it depends on how much the translation changed the original contents.

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Using the codes below, connect the book trend with how it may be changing the industry.

TREND
A. E-books
B. Price wars
C. Blockbuster syndrome
D. Digital libraries

POTENTIAL INDUSTRY CHANGES
1. A glut of similar books is created by publishers focusing on the safe bet of best-selling authors only.
2. Free ones may devalue books in the eyes of consumers, but publishers sometimes use them to introduce new authors.
3. This may result in “democratizing knowledge” by enabling anyone with a computer to access millions of books without damaging the original versions.
4. Superstores threaten the existence of independent stores by offering deep discounts on high-volume book sales.

	a. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
	b. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
	c. A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
	d. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 A
	e. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1

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Using the codes below, connect the following 19th-century writers to the styles and other distinctions that characterized their books.

WRITER:
A. James Fenimore Cooper
B. Walt Whitman
C. Washington Irving
D. Mark Twain
E. Edgar Allan Poe

WRITING STYLE AND DISTINCTION:
1. Macabre stories and poems; also wrote the first detective stories
2. American regionalism, humor, funny characters
3. Frank sexuality in poems that mimicked speech rhythms
4. Adventure stories about the American frontier
5. American forms of satire and wit, which he helped establish

	a. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3, E-5
	b. A-3, B-5, C-2, D-1, E-4
	c. A-5, B-2, C-1, D-4, E-3
	d. A-4, B-3, C-5, D-2, E-1
	e. A-1, B-4, C-3, D-5, E-2

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Using the table and codes below, match each term to its definition.

TERMS:
A. Copyright
B. Public domain
C. Fair use
D. Blockbuster syndrome
E. Print-on-demand

DEFINITION:
1. An increasingly extreme focus on bestsellers that is causing the publishing industry to neglect emerging writers and overspend on publicity and promotion
2. Those occasions in which a copyrighted media product can be used by someone other than its creator or copyright holder
3. When a book is not printed until someone has placed an order to buy it
4. That which, by law, enables a person or institution to prevent others from duplicating, distributing, or marketing media products created by that person or institution
5. Media products that can be used by anyone for any purpose without payment or permission because they are no longer the property of any person or institution

	a. A-4, B-2, C-5, D-1, E-3
	b. A-4, B-5, C-2, D-1, E-3
	c. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-5, E-4
	d. A-3, B-2, C-5, D-4, E-1
	e. A-2, B-5, C-4, D-1, E-3

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Which of the following developments in book history have had the greatest impact on the economy of the industry?

	a. Novel franchises
	b. Multicultural literature
	c. Pulp fiction
	d. Women’s literacy rates
	e. A and C

.

Which of the following developments in the history of books had a significant impact on people’s access to books but NOT on how those books were produced or distributed?

	a. Papyrus scrolls and the codex
	b. Movable type and linotype
	c. Copyright and fair use laws
	d. Literacy rates and paperbacks
	e. The publishing industry itself

.

From both a reporter's perspective and a reader's perspective, which type of online journalism enjoys the following advantages over traditional print journalism: freedom from accountability, instant and universal access, superior timeliness and relevance, and freedom from space constraints?

	a. Online newspapers
	b. Social media
	c. Blogs
	d. Instant media
	e. News aggregators

.

How did newspapers respond to cultural developments originating in people's concerns about the Great Depression and the rise of Nazi Germany?

	a. Op-ed pages began featuring columns written by unaffiliated writers.
	b. Newspapers increased their publication of opinion-based articles.
	c. Newspapers began reporting stories with more analysis, explanation, and interpretation.
	d. International and economic news began to dominate newspaper contents.
	e. Literary journalism gained popularity as a less serious alternative to hard news.

.

The 1734 trial of John Peter Zenger represents a significant milestone in the development of what fundamental standard that still characterizes the U.S. newspaper industry?

	a. Yellow journalism
	b. Protection from libel
	c. Political journalism
	d. Freedom of the press
	e. All of the above

.

Using the codes provided, connect each newspaper with the journalistic or editorial styles that produce their high readership levels and/or national influence.

NEWSPAPERS:
A. USA Today
B. The Wall Street Journal
C. The New York Times
D. Los Angeles Times
E. Chicago Tribune

STYLES:
1. Presents a balance of narrative-driven articles with supporting images and breaks its content into three distinct sections: news, opinion, and features.
2. Known for its award-winning investigative journalism and west coast locale.
3. An abundance of images and other visual qualities make it easier to read and understand.
4. Known for its watchdog journalism; it includes a section that focuses exclusively on major issues facing local residents.
5. Presents business and financial news in a narrative style with few images.

	a. A-4, B-2, C-5, D-1, E-3
	b. A-4, B-5, C-2, D-1, E-3
	c. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-5, E-4
	d. A-3, B-2, C-5, D-4, E-1
	e. A-3, B-5, C-1, D-2, E-4

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Using the table and codes below, match each term to the pioneering newspaper(s) the term describes.

TERM:
A. Sensationalism
B. Penny press
C. Underground press

DEFINITION
1. New York World and New York Journal
2. The Village Voice
3. The Sun and the New York Morning Herald

	a. A-2, B-3, C-1
	b. A-3, B-1, C-2
	c. A-1, B-3, C-2
	d. A-3, B-2, C-1
	e. A-2, B-1, C-3

.

When The New York Times adopted an objective journalistic style that required reporters to remain neutral in how they presented the news, the more common style of the day was story-driven journalism that relied on dramatic, sensational stories that were not fact-driven. Nevertheless, the two styles had something in common. What was it?

	a. Both were based on presenting the news in ways that would get people to buy newspapers.
	b. Neither required reporters to use outside sources of information.
	c. Both relied on local advertising to provide readers with more than just news stories.
	d. Neither required the reporter to interpret or analyze the information reported.
	e. Neither employed a partisan approach to writing or tried to sway popular opinion.

.

Which of the following groups represent journalism styles that are NOT based on objectivity?

	a. Yellow journalism, advocacy journalism, and interpretive journalism
	b. Precision journalism, conflict journalism, and consensus journalism
	c. Literary journalism, watchdog journalism, and stunt journalism
	d. A and C
	e. B and C

.

Considering each industry as a whole, what is the most significant difference between the newspaper industry and the magazine industry?

	a. Size of readership
	b. News focus
	c. Use of graphics
	d. Specialization
	e. Digital availability

.

Fill in the blank: When national advertising in magazines enabled and encouraged magazines to reach a nationwide audience, a significant cultural ramification was the introduction of:

	a. distance-scaled rates.
	b. national trends.
	c. distribution innovations.
	d. decreased specialization.
	e. mass marketing.

.

How has the influence of advertisers in the magazine industry changed?

	a. In the past, local advertisers limited the magazine audience, while today, the dominance of national advertisers requires magazines to attract national audiences.
	b. Women did not play a significant role in expanding magazine readership in the past, but today, women buy more magazines than newspapers.
	c. In the past, advertising revenue and circulation revenue were both significant sources of income for magazines, while today, only advertising revenue is sufficient to cover magazines' production and distribution costs.
	d. In the past, publishers and editors relied on their own judgment when considering whether to print controversial stories, but today, advertisers often pressure magazines to avoid controversy.
	e. All of the above

.

How have print magazines adapted to online readership?

	a. They include content not found in their print versions.
	b. They provide access to archived content.
	c. They enable readers to find content using search engines.
	d. They produce content for shorter attention spans.
	e. All of the above.

.

Using the codes provided, categorize the following groups of U.S. magazines based on their specialization.

SPECIALIZATION:
A. Online-only magazines
B. Women's magazines
C. Hobby/interest magazines
D. Celebrity magazines
E. News magazines

MAGAZINES
1. Newsweek, Time, U.S. News & World Report
2. People, OK!, Us Weekly
3. Salon, Slate, PC Magazine
4. Ladies’ Home Journal, Good Housekeeping, Cosmopolitan
5. Sports Illustrated, This Old House, Bon appétit

	a. A-4, B-2, C-5, D-1, E-3
	b. A-4, B-5, C-2, D-1, E-3
	c. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-5, E-4
	d. A-3, B-4, C-5, D-2, E-1
	e. A-3, B-5, C-1, D-2, E-4

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Using the codes provided, connect the following influential magazines to the traits that distinguish them from others.

MAGAZINE:
A. Life
B. The Saturday Evening Post
C. AARP The Magazine
D. Reader's Digest
E. Time

TRAIT:
1. The first global news magazine
2. Photography
3. Very high circulation through subscription and single-issue sales
4. Very high circulation without subscriptions or single-issue sales
5. Cover art by famous artists

	a. A-2, B-5, C-4, D-3, E-1
	b. A-4, B-5, C-2, D-1, E-3
	c. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-5, E-4
	d. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2, E-5
	e. A-3, B-5, C-1, D-2, E-4

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What 18th-century cultural development spurred a rapid increase in growth in the magazine industry?

	a. The invention of the printing press
	b. The adoption of regular publication schedules
	c. An increase in literacy among women
	d. Publications for entertainment instead of exclusively news and information
	e. The production of mass-appeal magazines

.

Which of the following was the basis of more change in the early magazine industry than any other factor?

	a. Increased literacy rates
	b. Cheaper production costs
	c. Larger audiences
	d. Specialization
	e. Cover art

.

How have digital downloading sites like Gnutella and Kazaa changed in order to avoid the copyright infringement problems that challenged Napster?

	a. They pay a small royalty to artists each time someone downloads music from their site.
	b. They base themselves in countries with less-restrictive copyright laws and decentralize their database.
	c. They set up iTunes playlists on their own servers to steal the protected status of Apple applications.
	d. They avoid the confiscation of files by using cloud-sourcing instead of hardwired servers.
	e. All of the above

.

In the music industry, what is the major difference between illegal file sharing and legitimate file downloading?

	a. Legitimate file downloading is never free.
	b. Illegal file sharing is how you avoid paying for music.
	c. Illegal file sharing occurs when people buy and sell music on a “peer-to-peer” basis to avoid the added fees of using middleman sites like iTunes and Amazon.
	d. Legitimate file downloading requires a paid subscription to access a specific server, even to download free music.
	e. None of the above

.

To make up for sales lost to new digital music formats and distribution methods, the music industry has generated revenue by:

	a. increasing agency commissions.
	b. emphasizing live-concert albums.
	c. using licensing fees.
	d. charging broadcast radio stations for the music they play.
	e. partnering with Internet sites like MySpace Music and YouTube.

.

Using the codes provided, connect the following groups to the categories that identify them.

GROUP:
A. Sony, Universal, Warner, EMI
B. LimeWire, Napster, Kazaa
C. Rock, R&B, country, gospel, blues
D. Grunge, gangsta, punk, heavy metal

CATEGORY:
1. Labels
2. File-sharing sites
3. Genres
4. Subgenres

	a. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
	b. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
	c. A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
	d. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
	e. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

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What digital music device has dominated the music technology market because it is portable, is not affected by its user’s movement, does not require the purchase of entire albums, and can store thousands of songs?

	a. CD
	b. MP3 player
	c. iPad
	d. iTunes
	e. All of the above

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What effect did Apple’s iTunes service and online music retailers have on record labels’ bottom line?

	a. They have increased record labels’ profit margins.
	b. They have decreased record labels’ profit margins.
	c. They have reduced the royalties record labels pay to musicians.
	d. They have increased the royalties record labels pay to musicians.
	e. They have improved record labels’ profits by eliminating royalties.

.

Which artist(s) actions led to a significant change in popular culture by ignoring moral standards of comportment?

	a. The Beatles
	b. The Rolling Stones
	c. Joan Jett
	d. Elvis Presley
	e. Chuck Berry

.

Which music industry group has benefited the most from the “level playing field” created by the Internet and why?

	a. Major labels, because iTunes and iPods have lowered their production costs.
	b. Independent labels, because new technology enables them to react more quickly to trends.
	c. Independent artists, because they can now cut out the middle man in marketing their music.
	d. A and B
	e. B and C

.

Which of the following cultural developments did NOT play a significant role in the evolution of music and the music industry?

	a. Dance
	b. Migration
	c. The youth culture
	d. Racial integration
	e. All of the above played significant roles

.

Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?

	a. Surf, soul, folk, and protest music represented the ways in which rock and roll branched out during the 1960s.
	b. Glam rock, characterized by flamboyant costumes and heavy makeup, was primarily a British phenomenon of the 1970s.
	c. The popularity of both disco and punk rock rose and fell in the 1970s.
	d. Distorted guitar sounds, disheveled-looking performers, and disaffected attitudes characterized the nirvana scene within the alternative rock genre of the late 1980s and early 1990s.
	e. During the 2000s, hip-hop overtook rock in popularity.

.

How is the trend toward streaming radio on the Internet changing the music industry?

	a. It is enabling the music industry to reach a worldwide audience.
	b. It is enabling individuals to create customized playlists that they can download onto their own devices and listen to at any time.
	c. It has created a new set of legal issues related to licensing and the payment of royalties.
	d. It has forced record companies to categorize their music in order to standardize the payment of royalties.
	e. It has resulted in the designation of Internet-only stations as “pure-play” stations, which enables them to avoid paying royalties on the music they play.

.

Recently, Rush Limbaugh, a very popular yet controversial talk-radio host, called a young woman a “slut” because she testified before the U.S. House of Representatives in favor of requiring employers to provide health insurance plans that cover birth control pills. After an advocacy group targeted Limbaugh’s advertisers, many of them withdrew or threatened to withdraw their advertising from radio stations airing his show. This is an example of a conflict between what two issues that can affect the radio industry?

	a. Truth in advertising and the profit motive
	b. The Fairness Doctrine and truth in advertising
	c. Freedom of speech and the Fairness Doctrine
	d. The profit motive and freedom of speech
	e. The Fairness Doctrine and the profit motive

.

Using the codes provided, connect the following terms to their definitions or descriptions.

TERMS:
A. Network
B. Conglomerate
C. HD radio
D. Format
E. Podcasting

DEFINITIONS OR DESCRIPTIONS:
1. Broadcast format whose major benefit is that it enables several radio stations to share the same frequency
2. Groups of radio or television stations that carry syndicated programming produced and/or distributed by a single source
3. The distinct choice of content that characterizes what a radio station broadcasts
4. A program recorded in a digital format so that it can be manually or automatically downloaded over the Internet
5. The consolidation of radio stations into or under a single entity or corporation in order to increase profits through facility and resource sharing

	a. A-1, B-5, C-4, D-3, E-2
	b. A-4, B-5, C-2, D-1, E-3
	c. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-5, E-4
	d. A-2, B-5, C-1, D-3, E-4
	e. A-3, B-5, C-1, D-2, E-4

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Which cultural group(s) expanded the market for high-fidelity FM stations in the 1960s?

	a. Affluent people and the youth counterculture
	b. Affluent, high-tech enthusiasts
	c. The youth counterculture and television owners
	d. Affluent television owners
	e. Young, high-tech enthusiasts

.

Why did variety show and talk-based radio station formats give way to mostly music formats after the Golden Age of Radio ended?

	a. Because advertisers began to market heavily to the FM audience
	b. Because stations had begun narrowing their formats to please more advertisers
	c. Because most people were tuning in to radio to hear music, not talk
	d. Because stations discovered that specific formats could generate greater revenues
	e. All of the above

.

Who popularized wireless technology and why was its invention significant in the development of not only radio but also broadcasting in general?

	a. Hierich Hertz, because he was the first to experiment with wireless transmission
	b. Guglielmo Marconi, because wireless it solved problems where telegraph cables were inadequate and enabled ships to communicate with each other and land stations
	c. Reginald Fessenden, because he invented the way to transmit the human voice through radio waves
	d. Lee de Forest, because he set up the first radio station to broadcast news and music to anyone who could receive the signal
	e. Byron Schenectady, because he is the first person to put radio’s commercial applications to widespread use

.

Using the codes provided, connect the following terms to their definitions or descriptions.

TERMS:
A. Censorship
B. Vertical integration
C. Imperialism
D. Globalism
E. Piracy

DEFINITIONS OR DESCRIPTIONS:
1. The unauthorized copying, use, or sale of copyrighted material
2. A form of organization in which studios controlled every aspect of production as it related to their films
3. The prohibition or suppression of objectionable speech or other forms of communication
4. The deliberate conquest of one culture by another to spread capitalism
5. The spread of communication that results in national borders and opens the way for a free flow of ideas among cultures

	a. A-1, B-5, C-4, D-3, E-2
	b. A-4, B-5, C-2, D-1, E-3
	c. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-5, E-1
	d. A-2, B-5, C-1, D-3, E-4
	e. A-3, B-5, C-1, D-2, E-4

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What contrasting ideologies between the 1950s and 1960s were reflected in the movies of those eras?

	a. Prosperity and poverty
	b. Americanism and globalism
	c. Trust and cynicism
	d. Warmongering and antiwar fervor
	e. Conservatism and antiestablishmentism

.

What do the following movies have in common: Star Ways, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Jaws, The Godfather, and Halloween?

	a. They were all directed by Steven Spielberg.
	b. They were all adaptations of popular books.
	c. They were all sequel-producing blockbusters.
	d. They were all foreign film adaptations.
	e. All of the above.

.

Which of the following is NOT contributing to the economic difficulties facing the movie industry today?

	a. Extended production times
	b. Expensive production technology
	c. Increased marketing expenses
	d. A rise in above-the-line production costs
	e. An increase in presale distribution rights

.

What significant development(s) in the movie industry occurred in the 1990s?

	a. The use of computer-generated special effects
	b. The success of low-budget, independent films
	c. International corporations' takeover of Hollywood studios
	d. A and B
	e. A and C

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How has the satellite television market adapted to compete with cable television?

	a. It adopted technology and practices that reduced the cost of satellite signal reception.
	b. It started offering the same kind of premium networks as cable.
	c. It created movie and sports packages to provide consumers with better deals.
	d. It has begun selling satellite programming in conjunction with phone, Internet, and local television services.
	e. All of the above.

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Using the codes provided, connect the cultural traits that influenced the development of television with the era in which they occurred.

CULTURAL TRAITS:
A. Diversification in all walks of life, including politics, race, and gender roles
B. Fascination with violence followed by a turn to fantasy and escapism
C. Avoidance of controversial issues in public and family life
D. Recognition and acceptance of the microculture era
E. Concern about exposing children to violence and other mature subjects

ERA:
1. 1950s
2. 1960s
3. 1970s
4. 1980s
5. 1990s+

	a. A-1, B-5, C-4, D-3, E-2
	b. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1, E-5
	c. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1, E-5
	d. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-5, E-4
	e. A-3, B-5, C-1, D-2, E-4

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Using the codes provided, connect the following terms to their definitions or descriptions.

TERMS:
A. Broadband
B. Netlets
C. Narrowcasting
D. Domestic comedy
E. Specialization

DEFINITIONS OR DESCRIPTIONS:
1. A family comedy popular in the 1950s that was identified by its character-based humor and was usually set within the home
2. A high-speed network connection that can carry data, voice, television, and video at higher speeds and in greater quantities than traditional connections
3. Minor-league networks that lack a full week’s worth of programming
4. The targeting of niche audiences within specific demographic groups
5. Narrowing the focus of programming to meet the needs and interests of an increasingly fragmented audience

	a. A-1, B-5, C-4, D-3, E-2
	b. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1, E-5
	c. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1, E-5
	d. A-2, B-5, C-1, D-3, E-4
	e. A-3, B-5, C-1, D-2, E-4

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Which of the following explains why the commercial sponsorship of television programs (i.e., advertising) influences the content of those programs?

	a. If viewers like or identify with a show or its characters, they will be more likely to purchase products advertised during that show, so advertisers support shows that present the contents their consumers prefer.
	b. The more people watch a television show, the more people are exposed to advertising, and so advertisers are willing to pay more for content that attracts larger audiences.
	c. If a show presents content that displeases audiences, their displeasure may spread to the products that are advertised during that show, so sponsors pressure producers to self-censor their shows.
	d. A, B, and C
	e. A and B only

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Which of the following is an INACCURATE description of how American television viewers have changed their behavior due to the Internet?

	a. Audiences no longer use television as their primary source of viewing entertainment.
	b. YouTube has increased the popularity of homemade videos and made them an alternative to broadcast television as a source of viewing entertainment.
	c. Instead of waiting for reruns to be broadcast on traditional television, many people use Hulu and other new viewing outlets to catch up on episodes they missed.
	d. Movies that would have been seen on television are increasingly being accessed on-demand through subscription and pay-per-view sites like Netflix.
	e. All of the above are accurate.

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What development in the history of television signaled the end of the network era?

	a. The invention of the Internet
	b. The launch of the Fox network
	c. The growth of net bubbles
	d. The repeal of the Fairness Doctrine
	e. All of the above

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Cutthroat Capitalism, The Redistricting Game, Planet Green Game, and Cooking Mama are all examples of video games that fulfill what beneficial function(s) for society?

	a. Transmit information in new ways
	b. Advocate for causes
	c. Increase awareness of social problems
	d. Encourage understanding of challenging situations
	e. All of the above

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How has the mainstreaming of video games produced cultural changes?

	a. Avid gamers formed their own cultural subgroup.
	b. "Geeks" have gained respect and recognition.
	c. Geek aesthetics have become part of the general culture.
	d. All of the above.
	e. None of the above.

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Using the codes provided, categorize the following terms and types of gaming technology.

CATGORY:
A. Portable gaming
B. MMORPG
C. Consoles
D. Home consoles
E. Gaming platforms

TECHNOLOGY:
1. Atari, Nintendo, Sego, PlayStation, Xbox
2. Nokia N-Gage, PSP, DS
3. Xbox 360, PlayStation3, Wii
4. Arcade, consoles, home computer, Internet
5. World of Warcraft, Second Life, EverQuest, EVE Online

	a. A-1, B-5, C-4, D-3, E-2
	b. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1, E-5
	c. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1, E-5
	d. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-5, E-4
	e. A-2, B-5, C-1, D-3, E-4

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Which of the following have NOT been influenced by the video gaming industry?

	a. Film adaptations
	b. Music scores
	c. Political campaigns
	d. Training simulators
	e. Machinima

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Which of the following is NOT a major player in today's home console market?

	a. Nintendo
	b. Atari
	c. Sony
	d. Microsoft
	e. None of the above (all are major players)

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Which of the following questions DOES NOT reflect a problem discussed in the textbook concerning video games?

	a. Does playing video games result in poor performance at school?
	b. Does video game violence cause aggression?
	c. Are aggressive people attracted to violent video games?
	d. Can people become dangerously addicted to video games?
	e. Do video games encourage sexism?

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Which of the following is an INACCURATE description of a milestone in the history of gaming?

	a. Grand Theft Auto (1997): a variety of options enabled players to pursue different narratives.
	b. World of Warcraft (2004): millions of players interacted to live virtual lives online.
	c. Wii Sports (2006): motion-sensitive controllers led to advances in gaming interactivity, but they failed to attract a wider audience due to technical problems.
	d. Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 (2009): violence in gaming becomes an international issue.
	e. All of the above are accurate.

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Using the codes provided, connect the following terms to their definitions or descriptions.

TERMS:
A. Protocol
B. Decentralization
C. Web 2.0
D. Social alienation
E. Net neutrality

DEFINITION OR DESCRIPTION
1. Principle that there should be no central hub that controls information flow
2. “Toll-free roads” on the information superhighway
3. An illustration of the “Internet paradox”
4. Rules of communication for computers that enable the machines to turn raw data into useful information
5. The increased focus on user-generated content and social interaction on the web and the evolution of online tools to facilitate that focus

	a. A-1, B-5, C-4, D-3, E-2
	b. A-4, B-1, C-5, D-3, E-2
	c. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1, E-5
	d. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-5, E-4
	e. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1, E-5

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What social networking problems or opportunities was Meetup.com created to address?

	a. To foster global interaction and collaboration
	b. To avoid the danger of meeting strangers anonymously in online chat rooms
	c. To allow people to meet and organize on a local level
	d. To expand the social circles of low-income and low-performing students
	e. To leverage word-of-mouth social networking

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What was the Internet originally conceived as when it was being developed?

	a. A way for government agencies to communicate with each other.
	b. An attack-proof, military network.
	c. A robust communication technology that would encourage collaboration between university and government researchers.
	d. An alternative to telephony.
	e. A way for computers to share data storage capacities.

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Which of the following information sources did the textbook identify as the most credible source of domestic and international news?

	a. News aggregators
	b. Blogging sites
	c. Twitter feeds
	d. Traditional news organizations
	e. None of the above

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Which of the following phrases describes the “Internet paradox” best?

	a. A reasonable standard
	b. Media convergence
	c. A traffic threshold
	d. A contradictory proposition
	e. Social alienation

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Which of the following was the most significant cause of the dot-com boom and crash in the 1990s?

	a. Global, instantaneous communication created a new type of business that was based on Internet services that could not be sustained by the limited technology that was available.
	b. The success of some Internet-based startup companies encouraged too many people to start their own business in spite of having few, proven sources of income to be profitable.
	c. People invested in Internet startups without analyzing or recognizing the weaknesses in the startups’ business plans.
	d. Stock market gains encouraged people to invest in companies whose shares proceeded to sell for less than what the original investors paid for them.
	e. All of the above

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Which two pairs of terms and their descriptors are incorrect in the graphic below?

	a. A and C
	b. B and H
	c. D and F
	d. E and G
	e. All are correct.

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What organization developed the Internet and what process did it use to make the resulting intercomputer communication secure?

	a. RAND, protocols
	b. UCLA, sharing
	c. DARPA, decentralization
	d. ARPANET, packet switching
	e. TCP/IP, blocking

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In which of the following media industries does the oligarchy business model still experience some competition from independent producers?

	a. Music
	b. Publishing
	c. Television
	d. Film
	e. None of the above

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The Internet is a tremendous resource for economic development, and yet within both the developed and the developing world, it has little impact on poverty. What is this situation an example of?

	a. The 21st-century communication crisis
	b. The digital divide
	c. The Transformational Technology Movement (TTM)
	d. The bridge effect
	e. The opposite of the broadband benefit

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Use the codes below to connect each industry with its primary source of revenue:

INDUSTRIES:
A. Traditional book publishers
B. Cable companies
C. Magazines and newspapers
D. Broadcasting (radio and television)
E. Film

REVENUE:
1. Consumers
2. Consumers and advertisers
3. Advertisers

	a. A-1, B-2, C-2, D-3, E-1
	b. A-2, B-2, C-3, D-1, E-2
	c. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-2, E-3
	d. A-1, B-3, C-1, D-1, E-2
	e. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-1, E-1

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Use the codes below to connect each issue with the impact it is having around the world as access to the Internet grows.

ISSUE:
A. Vertical integration
B. Globalization
C. Hegemony
D. McDonaldization

IMPACT:
1. Once-isolated cultures may lose their identities as the Internet exposes them to the media of more dominant cultures.
2. There will be continued cost savings but reduced local diversity in the mass media.
3. The online presence of media around the world will become similar as the economics of production follow proven models established by leading countries.
4. The media will reach more customers thanks to the progressive breakdown of traditional political and cultural borders.

	a. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
	b. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
	c. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
	d. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
	e. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1

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What was the goal of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act?

	a. To establish a payment scheme for public access to government files stored online.
	b. To prevent Internet service providers from restricting access to broadband resources developed with public funds.
	c. To halt the illegal copying and distribution of copyrighted material.
	d. To protect good-faith efforts of content producers to supply original material to commercial websites.
	e. To make it easier for Internet service providers to remove offensive material from free websites hosted on their servers.

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Why is the relationship between newspapers and the Internet an example of synergy?

	a. Revenue from newspaper subscriptions funds free content online.
	b. When journalists use social media and other online resources to contact sources and research stories, the industry becomes more efficient.
	c. Archiving newspaper stories on the Internet saves time and money.
	d. When a newspaper presents stories in print and also online with video clips from cable television, it produces more content and more variety to attract a wider audience.
	e. All of the above

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On the local level, which of the following are often monopolies?

	a. Cable television
	b. Newspapers
	c. Radio stations
	d. A and B
	e. A, B, and C

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Maryanne and Jonah share an office and are both being considered for promotion to executive director. One day, when Maryanne steps out for lunch, Jonah uses her computer to read her e-mail and copy a proposal she had received from an associate outside of their company. In his interview for the executive director position, Jonah presents that proposal as his own. However, not only is Jonah not promoted, he is fired, because his company had installed an e-mail monitoring program on all of its computers. This story provides an example of which of the following issues that are creating concern among Internet users?

	a. Plagiarism
	b. Surveillance
	c. Privacy
	d. A and B
	e. A, B, and C

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Which of the following is an example of copyright infringement?

	a. Presenting as your own an obscure, 18th-century poem you found archived at Bartleby.com, a free repository of English literature
	b. Downloading a movie from Netflix, a subscription movie rental service, and copying it onto a DVD to watch later
	c. Google charging a subscription fee for access to Google Books, which includes books that are not yet in the public domain
	d. A and B
	e. B and C

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Which of the following is NOT considered in the textbook as one of the social responsibility roles of the media?

	a. Support the economic viability of the industry
	b. Present diverse perspectives
	c. Monitor the government and corporations
	d. Present news that informs the citizenry
	e. Address the complexity of news

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Why are racial stereotypes problematic in news reporting?

	a. They produce an impression of sameness rather than individual uniqueness.
	b. They prevent journalists from approaching the news from diverse perspectives.
	c. They tend to emphasize negative traits even if those traits are not widespread.
	d. They do not promote understanding and respect between racial groups.
	e. All of the above.

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Recently, the United States reelected Barack Obama to serve a second term as president after a political campaign in which an estimated two billion dollars were spent by individuals, campaigns, and political action committees to influence the public. What milestone in legislation related to mass media regulation had a significant impact on the results of the election?

	a. The Freedom of Information Act
	b. The Equal Time Rule
	c. The Fairness Doctrine
	d. The Citizens United Act
	e. The answer cannot be determined by the information available.

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Use the codes below to connect the law, code, group, or agency with its role in regulating the media.

LAW, CODE, GROUP, OR AGENCY:
A. Digital Millennium Copyright Act
B. World Intellectual Property Organization
C. Federal Communications Commission
D. Terms of Service Agreements

REGULATORY ROLE:
1. Classifies material as indecent, obscene, or profane
2. Influences ethical and legal compliance in online interactions
3. Protects cyberspace copyright owners around the world
4. Is central in the government’s antipiracy efforts

	a. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
	b. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
	c. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
	d. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
	e. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1

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What historical role did radio play in the development of the political process?

	a. It forced the government to start regulating political speech through the passage of the Fairness Doctrine, which insured that candidates using the medium would have equal time to communicate.
	b. It gave more people access to timely, accurate political information.
	c. It provided a venue for the first political debates and enabled politicians to speak directly to the public on a large scale for the first time.
	d. A and C
	e. B and C

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What political activities are the Huffington Post, Daily Beast, and Drudge Report websites known for?

	a. Activist reporting
	b. Breaking news
	c. Online petitions
	d. Political commentary
	e. B and C

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What term can be used to refer to the use of the Internet and other online tools to engage citizens in government and civic action?

	a. The digital divide
	b. The digital domain
	c. The digital dogma
	d. The digital democracy
	e. The digital dialogue

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Which of the following is NOT an illustration of how the Internet has changed how citizens participate in the political process?

	a. Interactive websites provide more efficient two-way communication between politicians and the public.
	b. Social networking enables citizens to participate in discussions with political campaigns as well as with each other.
	c. Campaigns develop and use e-mail lists to inform citizens and encourage them to volunteer or donate.
	d. Supporter-produced, viral videos can generate homespun support and greater exposure for campaign messages.
	e. Political rumors can be tracked and refuted with greater efficiency and speed.

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Which of the following is NOT part of the FCC's three-pronged test in determining whether a broadcaster has aired obscene material?

	a. The material causes the average person to have lustful or sexual thoughts.
	b. The material depicts lawfully offensive sexual conduct.
	c. The material is used simply to shock or arouse an audience.
	d. The material lacks literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.
	e. All of the above are used in the test.

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What was the most significant effect of deregulation on the mass media?

	a. Because standards of decency were relaxed, pornography on the Internet surged.
	b. Problems with copyright infringement have risen dramatically.
	c. The consolidation of media ownership is threatening the public's access to diverse perspectives.
	d. Monthly magazines as independently viable print media are becoming extinct.
	e. All of the above.

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Google News and Yahoo News are just two examples of what digital news delivery system that is stealing readership from traditional newspapers?

	a. News compendia
	b. Archival news services
	c. News aggregators
	d. Electronic applications ("apps")
	e. None of the above

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Membership-only websites, micromagazines, and electronic applications are all examples of what new media practice?

	a. Targeting business models
	b. Digital marketing
	c. Individualizing content
	d. Narrowcasting
	e. Cloud sourcing

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What are one or more ways that new media have had an impact on the quality of journalism?

	a. Competition from bloggers and tweeting has forced journalists to spend time on those tasks instead of on fact checking and in-depth analysis.
	b. Audience expectations have compelled journalists to cover more sensational stories rather than political, economic, or educational ones.
	c. New business models have streamlined the editorial side of journalism, resulting in massive layoffs that prevent news outlets from covering as many stories as traditional media.
	d. A and B
	e. B and C

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What do the Apple Newton, DIVX, and Microsoft Bob have in common?

	a. They are all cutting-edge technologies being distributed to early adopters through direct client contact.
	b. They are precursors to highly successful new technologies that were tested in overseas markets before being beta tested in the U.S. market.
	c. They are examples of catastrophic failures of new technologies.
	d. They are examples of new technologies that failed but also paved the way for more recent technology that has been extremely successful.
	e. None of the above.

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What does the following graphic depict?

	a. The Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication
	b. Everett Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation Theory
	c. The Digital Technology Adoption Model
	d. The Technology Adoption Life Cycle
	e. The Shannon and Weaver Diffusion of Innovation Curve

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What is the technology diffusion model?

	a. A theory that predicts how Internet users spread information through social networks
	b. A description of how the Internet grows in underpopulated regions of the world
	c. A description of how new technologies are adopted by users
	d. A theory that contrasts people who are attracted to new technology because they like to experiment with people who consider new technology for business or educational purposes
	e. None of the above

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What new form of journalism is forcing traditional journalists to change how news is presented?

	a. Blogging
	b. Tweeting
	c. Robocalling
	d. Emailing
	e. Digging

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What new media formats have adopted or experimented with pay-for-content practices to make up for lost revenue in the business models of their traditional formats?

	a. Newspapers
	b. Books
	c. Music
	d. Film
	e. All of the above

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What new media production term refers to the practice of new media formats catering to the specific interests and tastes of smaller and smaller audiences?

	a. Specialization
	b. Hyperspecialization
	c. Fine tuning
	d. Narrowcasting
	e. Micromarketing

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Which of the following acts of federal legislation has a direct effect on individual privacy?

	a. The Clayton Act
	b. The Telecommunications Act
	c. The Copyright Term Extension Act
	d. The USA Patriot Act
	e. The Freedom of Information Act

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Which of the following Facebook practices caused a number of privacy groups to file complaints with the Federal Trade Commission against Facebook?

	a. It established a default setting that enabled anyone on the Internet to see individuals' status updates and photos.
	b. It had a temporary glitch that enabled users to access friends' private instant messages.
	c. It installed a new feature that allowed it to share private user information with third-party websites.
	d. None of the above.
	e. All of the above.

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Which of the following forms of traditional media have fallen completely out of use due to the advent of new media?

	a. Printed materials
	b. Broadcast communication
	c. Arcade games
	d. Analog music records
	e. None of the above

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Which of the following is NOT one of the three major advantages that new media have over traditional media?

	a. It is immediate.
	b. It is less expensive.
	c. Everyone has access to it.
	d. It can reach even remote parts of the world.
	e. None of the above.

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What term refers to all forms of communication in the digital world?

	a. The digital domain
	b. Copyright protection
	c. New media
	d. Synergy
	e. Social networking

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