Given this function, , what is the first derivative?

	a.
	b.
	c.
	d.

.

Suppose a person starts at position . Assume that the person’s next and final discreet choice on a decision tree is to either move to or and the results of that choice are governed by the profit equation, . What is the correct choice and associated economic rationale?

	a. Move to -1 because .
	b. Move to 1 because .
	c. Move to 1 because .
	d. The person is indifferent between the two choices because the end result is the same.

.

Suppose a person starts at position . Assume that the person’s next and final discreet choice on a decision tree is to either move to or and the results of that choice are governed by the profit equation, . What is the optimal result?

	a. Only lose -5 on this last choice.
	b. Only lose -3 on this last choice.
	c. Make 5 in profit.
	d. Break even.

.

Suppose a firm’s profit is given by this function, . The government imposes a lump sum profit tax of 5. For what values of will profit be positive?

	a.
	b. only
	c.
	d. There are no values because the tax has made the firm unprofitable.

.

Suppose a firm has a production process governed by this function: . What would be the marginal effect of using an additional unit of and holding constant?

	a.
	b.
	c.
	d.

.

Suppose a firm has a production process governed by this function: . What would be the marginal effect of using an additional unit of and holding constant?

	a. 9
	b.
	c.
	d.

.

Suppose you are given a profit function: . What tools would you use to solve for the value of a global maximum?

	a. only
	b. and
	c.
	d. Algebraic substitution

.

Suppose a firm’s production choices were given by this multivariate expression: . What tools would you use to solve for marginal contribution to production of ?

	a. The partial derivative of , holding constant.
	b. The partial derivative of , holding constant.
	c. The partial derivative of , holding constant.
	d. The partial derivative of , holding constant.

.

Suppose a government faced a series of discrete policy choices building a tax code. Earlier decisions would affect the options of later ones. What’s the best economic tool to use to evaluate the process?

	a. Dynamic optimization
	b. Decision tree
	c. Partial derivative
	d. Second derivative, but only at the margin

.

Given this function, , what is the second derivative?

	a.
	b.
	c.
	d.

.

Given this function, , what is a local minimum value for ?

	a.
	b.
	c.
	d.

.

Given this function, , what is the maximum value for ?

	a. y = 0
	b. y = 3
	c. y = 5
	d.

.

Given this function, , what is the maximum value for all values of ?

	a. -4
	b. 0
	c. +4
	d.

.

Given this function, , what is the minimum value for all values of ?

	a. -4
	b. 0
	c. +4
	d.

.

Given this function, , what is the partial derivative with respect to ?

	a.
	b.
	c.
	d.

.

Given this function, , what is the partial double derivative with respect to ?

	a.
	b.
	c. 2
	d.

.

Suppose a firm’s profit is given by this function, . For what values of will profit be maximized?

	a. because there are zero normal profits.
	b. because at that point and .
	c. and because at both points, at that point and .
	d. Profits are maximized at all points.

.

Suppose that the relationship between economic growth and population is given by the following formula: . What is the maximum sustainable yield?

	a. 0
	b. 1
	c. 2
	d. 4

.

Suppose that the relationship between economic growth and population is given by the following formula: . What is the maximum possible size of the entire population?

	a. 0
	b. 1
	c. 2
	d. 4

.

Suppose that the relationship between economic growth and population is given by the following formula: . What is the maximum sustainable yield?

	a. 0
	b. 3
	c. 4.5
	d. 9

.

Suppose that the relationship between economic growth and population is given by the following formula: . What is the required initial population to reach the maximum sustainable yield?

	a. 0
	b. 0.75
	c. 1
	d. 2

.

Suppose that the relationship between economic growth and carbon dioxide levels is given by the following formula: . What is the maximum sustainable growth?

	a. 0
	b. 1
	c. 1.5
	d. 2

.

Suppose that the relationship between economic growth and carbon dioxide levels is given by the following formula: . To achieve the maximum sustainable growth, what is the optimal choice for carbon dioxide levels?

	a. 0
	b. 1
	c. 1.5
	d. 2

.

Suppose that the relationship between economic growth and carbon dioxide levels is given by the following formula: . How much growth is attainable?

	a. If the country set carbon dioxide levels to zero, then growth would be zero.
	b. If the country set carbon dioxide levels to 1, growth would be steady.
	c. If the country set carbon dioxide levels to 2, growth would be positive but not sustainable.
	d. Positive growth is not possible at any carbon dioxide level.

.

In univariate economic development models, which economic tool(s) can determine the maximum sustainable growth?

	a. only
	b. and
	c.
	d. Hamiltonian

.

In multivariate economic development models, which economic tool(s) can determine the contribution to growth of one variable, ceteris paribus?

	a. only
	b. and
	c.
	d. The identity matrix

.

What is the value of an annuity paying $7,000 at the end of every year for 5 years at a rate of 2 percent?

	a. $30,000
	b. $31,000
	c. $32,000
	d. $33,000

.

You just won the Irish Sweepstakes and can either take a lump sum distribution today of €250,000 or a 20-year 5 percent annuity paying €20,000 at the end of every year for 20 years. What is the best choice?

	a. The lump sum payment is a better deal, but by less than €1,000.
	b. The lump sum payment is a better deal, but by more than €1,000.
	c. The annuity is a better deal, but by less than €1,000.
	d. The annuity is a better deal, but by more than €1,000.

.

Suppose the Federal Reserve Bank drives interest rates to less than zero. How much will an annuity paying $1,000 at the end of each year for three years at an interest rate of

	a. More than $3,000
	b. $3,000
	c. Less than $3,000
	d. Exactly $

.

Which mathematical symbol is the best economic tool to calculate perpetual annuities?

	a.
	b.
	c.
	d.

.

In calculating an annuity, what mathematical technique can be applied to account for default?

	a. Random number operator
	b. Dynamic optimization
	c. Expectations operator
	d. Recursive optimization

.

Suppose two banks offer five-year annuities. Bank A offers a rate of 4 percent and Bank B offers 6 percent. Which statement is correct?

	a. The market could be pricing in a greater likelihood of a possible default by Bank B, ceteris paribus.
	b. Bank A
	c. Bank B may need to attract more capital than Bank A, ceteris paribus.
	d. All of the above.

.

What is the value of an annuity paying $9,000 at the end of every year for nine years at a rate of 9 percent?

	a. $50,000
	b. $52,000
	c. $54,000
	d. $56,000

.

What is the value of an annuity paying $2,000 at the end of every year for 10 years at a rate of 0 percent?

	a. $0
	b. $18,000
	c. $19,000
	d. $20,000

.

The compound rate of interest on a savings account is 9 percent. Inflation is 7 percent. You deposit $25,000 and leave it in the account for 10 years. If the bank credits this new account with a one-time $100 bonus, what will be the value in the account at the end of ten years?

	a. $57,777
	b. $58,821
	c. $59,121
	d. $59,421

.

The compound rate of interest on a savings account is 4 percent. Inflation is 1 percent. You deposit $50,000 and leave it in the account for three years. What will be the real purchasing power of the value in the account at the end of three years?

	a. $48,912
	b. $54,636
	c. $56,275
	d. $56,666

.

The compound rate of interest on a savings account is 4 percent. Inflation is 2 percent. You deposit $10,000 and leave it in the account for two years. What will be the real purchasing power of the value in the account at the end of two years?

	a. $9,924
	b. $10,204
	c. $10,404
	d. $10,824

.

Suppose you bid at a government auction where the bids are sealed in envelopes with only one chance to bid. The winning bid gets the job and all others receive nothing. You bid on a job at a price of $2 million, and you know that your cost is $1,800,000. If the probability that you'll win is 15 percent, what is the expected value?

	a. $0
	b. $25,000
	c. $30,000
	d. 15%

.

Suppose you bid at a government auction where the bids are sealed in envelopes with only one chance to bid. The winning bid gets the job and all others receive nothing. You bid on a job at a price of $100 million, and you know that your cost is $95 million. If the probability that you'll win is 10 percent, what is the expected value?

	a. $0
	b. $500,000
	c. $1,000,000
	d. $5,000,000

.

Suppose you consider bidding at a government auction where the bids are sealed in envelopes with only one chance to bid. The winning bid gets the job and all others receive nothing. All bidders must pay a $25,000 bribe to participate. You intend to bid on a job at a price of $10 million, and you know that your cost to complete the job is $8 million. If the probability that you'll win is 50 percent, what is the rational course of action?

	a. Raise your bid to $10,025,000.
	b. Raise your bid to between $10,000,000 and $10,025,000.
	c. Raise your bid above $10,025,000.
	d. Lower your bid to $9,975,000.

.

Suppose you consider bidding at a government auction where the bids are sealed in envelopes with only one chance to bid. The winning bid gets the job and all others receive nothing. You intend to bid on a job at a price of $10 million, and you know that your cost to complete the job is $9 million. As you are about to submit the bid, you find out that a government official will have to be bribed $1 million to start the job. If the probability that you'll win is 10 percent, what is the rational course of action?

	a. Place the bid, knowing that there is only a 10 percent chance you will get the job anyway.
	b. Wait and see how many others have placed bids to see if the probability of winning has changed.
	c. Place a bid, but only if you are a risk lover.
	d. Do not place a bid in this auction.

.

Suppose you are considering buying a one-year debenture priced at $10,000 yielding 7 percent a year. There is a 10 percent chance the issuer will default on the payments and principal. What is your best course of action?

	a. Buy the debenture because the expected return is at least $700.
	b. Buy the debenture because the expected return is greater than $0.
	c. Don't buy the debenture because the expected return is effectively $0.
	d. Don't buy the debenture because the expected return is negative.

.

Suppose you buy a one-year insured debenture priced at $10,000 yielding 3 percent a year. There is a 10 percent chance the issuer will default on the payments only and return your principal. What is your expected return?

	a. $10,000
	b. $10,270
	c. $10,300
	d. $9,270

.

On January 5, you buy a 10-year corporate bond yielding 5.5 percent. On January 6, the Central Bank of the United States uses monetary policy to lower the rate on benchmark 10-year Treasuries from 2.5 percent to 1.5 percent. What is the new risk premium?

	a. 1.5 percent
	b. 3 percent
	c. 4 percent
	d. 5.5 percent

.

Suppose you are building an economic model to help decide how to pick the best investment to save for college. The entire proceeds of the investment will be used to pay college tuition. The rate of inflation is expected to be 2 percent a year for three years. The price of college tuition is expected to increase by 5 percent a year. The nominal interest rate on AAA-rated government three-year bonds is 3 percent. Which rates are most appropriate to incorporate into your model?

	a. The expected inflation rate, the expected price of college tuition, and the government riskless rate of return
	b. The expected inflation rate and the government riskless rate of return
	c. The expected inflation rate and the expected price of college tuition
	d. The expected price of college tuition.

.

When are expected real "r" and nominal rates "i" the same when an investor is risk-loving?

	a. When r = i
	b. When r < i
	c. When r > i
	d. When r = i = 0.

.

In choosing an economic tool to calculate compound interest, which mathematical operation is part of the equation?

	a. Common log
	b. Natural log
	c. Binary log
	d. Cobb-Douglas log

.

What economic tool best describes how a yield curve changes?

	a. Derivative with respect to time
	b. Partial derivative with respect to rates
	c. Derivative with respect to rates
	d. Partial derivative holding the riskless rate constant.

.

Suppose countries Q and Z have completely free trade. If the price of an ounce of silver is $10 in country Q and $10.05 in country Z, when will arbitrage occur given shipping costs of "s" cents?

	a. When s = 5.
	b. When 0 < s < 5.
	c. When 0 = s = 5.
	d. When s = 5.

.

The compound rate of interest on a savings account is 4 percent. Inflation is 1 percent. You deposit $250,000 and leave it in the account for three years. If the bank charges you a one-time $99 fee to open the account, what will be the value in the account at the end of three years?

	a. $281,104
	b. $281,704
	c. $281,709
	d. $282,704

.

Suppose Tom can either hunt for birds or forage for wild berries on his isolated island property. He can catch nine birds or gather two pounds of berries in an hour. He only has eight hours a week to devote to these activities. His utility function for birds and berries is . What is the equation of his production possibilities frontier?

	a.
	b.
	c.
	d.

.

Suppose Fran can either hunt for birds or forage for wild berries on his isolated island property. He can catch four birds or gather two pounds of berries in an hour. He only has 10 hours a week to devote to these activities. His utility function for birds and berries is . Which point is not Pareto efficient?

	a. (20, 40)
	b. (2, 36)
	c. (7, 26)
	d. (9, 24)

.

Suppose Fran can either hunt for birds or forage for wild berries on his isolated island property. He can catch four birds or gather two pounds of berries in an hour. He only has 10 hours a week to devote to these activities. His utility function for birds and berries is . What is the marginal rate of transformation of birds for berries?

	a.
	b.
	c. 2
	d. -2

.

Suppose Tom can either hunt for birds or forage for wild berries on his isolated island property. He can catch nine birds or gather two pounds of berries in an hour. He only has eight hours a week to devote to these activities. His utility function for birds and berries is . What is the marginal rate of transformation of birds for berries?

	a.
	b.
	c.
	d.

.

Suppose Fran can either hunt for birds or forage for wild berries on his isolated island property. He can catch four birds or gather two pounds of berries in an hour. He only has 10 hours a week to devote to these activities. His utility function for birds and berries is . What is the marginal rate of transformation of birds for berries?

	a.
	b.
	c.
	d.

.

Suppose Fran can either hunt for birds or forage for wild berries on his isolated island property. He can catch four birds or gather two pounds of berries in an hour. He only has 10 hours a week to devote to these activities. His utility function for birds and berries is . What is the expression for b when the marginal rate of substitution of birds for berries is equal to the marginal rate of transformation of birds for berries?

	a.
	b.
	c.
	d.

.

Suppose Fran can either hunt for birds or forage for wild berries on his isolated island property. He can catch four birds or gather two pounds of berries in an hour. He only has 10 hours a week to devote to these activities. His utility function for birds and berries is . Using the information from the production possibilities frontier, what is the Pareto optimal allocation for birds?

	a. 18
	b. 28
	c. 38
	d. 48

.

Which mathematical tool do economists use to measure the marginal rate of substitution?

	a. Ratio
	b. Partial differentiation
	c. Implicit differentiation
	d. All of the above.

.

Suppose the government in a closed country imposes a lump sum tax of $9,000 on some people (sp) and redistributes the income to other people (op) in society. After the tax is levied and distributed, what is the deadweight loss to society?

	a. $0
	b. +$9,000*sp
	c. -$9,000*op
	d. The answer cannot be determined by the information given.

.

Suppose the government in a closed country imposes a tax of 5 percent on working people's wages (w) and redistributes the tax to nonworking people (n) in society as a lump sum distribution. This causes working people to reduce labor by 10 percent. After the tax is levied and distributed, what is the deadweight loss to society relative to a lump sum tax system?

	a. $0
	b. 0.005w
	c. 0.05w
	d. 0.10w

.

Suppose the government in a closed country imposes a tax of 12 percent on working people's wages (w) and redistributes the tax to nonworking people (n) in society as a lump sum distribution. This causes working people to reduce labor by 6 percent. After the tax is levied and distributed, what is the deadweight loss to society relative to a lump sum tax system?

	a. $0
	b. 0.06w
	c. 0.12w
	d. 0.18w

.

Suppose you are shopping at a farmers' market at 4:59 p.m. It closes at 5 p.m. At the end of the day, the farmer will have to discard her lettuce. The price of the lettuce is $2.50. You are willing to pay $1.00 for the lettuce. What is the Pareto optimal price for the lettuce?

	a. $0
	b. $1
	c. $2.50
	d. The information cannot be determined by the information given.

.

Suppose Fran can either hunt for birds or forage for wild berries on his isolated island property. He can catch four birds or gather two pounds of berries in an hour. He only has 10 hours a week to devote to these activities. His utility function for birds and berries is . What is the marginal rate of transformation of birds for berries?

	a.
	b.
	c.
	d.

.

Suppose Fran can either hunt for birds or forage for wild berries on his isolated island property. He can catch four birds or gather two pounds of berries in an hour. He only has 10 hours a week to devote to these activities. His utility function for birds and berries is . To consume at a Pareto optimal amount of 42 birds, how many more or less hours must Tom devote to these activities?

	a. hour more
	b. hour less
	c. 2 hours more
	d. 2 hours less

.

Which economic tool describes the set of all Pareto efficient combinations of goods?

	a. Any utility function
	b. A marginal rate of substitution
	c. A budget line.
	d. Only a Cobb-Douglas utility function

.

Given a utility function defined as , what is the marginal utility with respect to good ?

	a.
	b.
	c.
	d.

.

Suppose Fran can either hunt for birds or forage for wild berries on his isolated island property. He can catch four birds or gather two pounds of berries in an hour. He only has 10 hours a week to devote to these activities. His utility function for birds and berries is . What is the slope of his production possibilities frontier?

	a.
	b.
	c. 2
	d. -2

.

Consider this duopoly game. Each player can either take a cookie off a table or agree to share 16 cookies. What is the dominant strategy's outcome?

	a. Player 1 takes and Player 2 takes.
	b. Player 1 takes and Player 2 shares.
	c. Player 1 shares and Player 2 takes.
	d. Player 1 shares and Player 2 shares.

.

Consider this duopoly game. Each player can either take a cookie off a table or agree to share 16 cookies. What is the Pareto optimal outcome?

	a. Player 1 takes and Player 2 takes.
	b. Player 1 takes and Player 2 shares.
	c. Player 1 shares and Player 2 takes.
	d. Player 1 shares and Player 2 shares.

.

Consider this duopoly game. Each player can either take a cookie off a table or agree to share 16 cookies. What factor would most likely drive a Pareto optimal solution?

	a. The relatively high payoff for cooperation
	b. The lack of a payoff in a nondominant mixed solution
	c. The degree of trust between the players driving the underlying probabilities
	d. Parity in the take-take outcome

.

Consider this game. Given that p is the probability that Player 1 will choose N and Player 2 will choose Y, which of the following is a pure strategy Nash equilibrium?

	a. p = 0 and q = 1
	b. p = 1 and q = 0
	c. p = 0 and q = 0
	d. p = 0.5 and q = 0.5

.

Consider this game. Given that p is the probability that Player 1 will choose N and Player 2 will choose Y, which of the following is a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium?

	a. &
	b. &
	c. &
	d. There is no mixed strategy Nash equilibrium.

.

Consider this game. Given that p is the probability that Player 1 will choose N and Player 2 will choose Y, which of the following is a pure/mixed strategy Nash equilibrium?

	a. &
	b. &
	c. &
	d. There is no pure/mixed strategy Nash equilibrium.

.

Consider this game. Given that p is the probability that Player 1 will choose N and Player 2 will choose Y, what is the result of partial cooperation (where one player cooperates and the other does not)?

	a. They divide up the seven things equally.
	b. They divide up the seven things unequally.
	c. They both get nothing.
	d. There is an ultimate winner receiving all seven things.

.

Consider this game. Given that p is the probability that Player 1 will choose N and Player 2 will choose Y, which mathematical tool is used to evaluate possible Nash equilibriums for Player 1?

	a.
	b.
	c.
	d.

.

Consider this game. Given that p is the probability that Player 1 will choose N and Player 2 will choose Y, which mathematical tool is used to evaluate possible Nash equilibriums for Player 2?

	a.
	b.
	c.
	d.

.

Given a multistage game, what three economic tools are you most likely to use to find Nash equilibrium?

	a. Expected value operator, partial derivative, Gantt chart
	b. Expected value operator, double derivative, decision tree
	c. Expected value operator, partial derivative, decision tree
	d. First derivative, second derivative, partial derivative

.

Suppose 50 people at an auction are bidding on a piece of land that is known to contain platinum deposits. The low bid is $10 million, the average bid is $14 million, and the high bid is $19 million. What is the value of the winner's curse?

	a. $4 million
	b. $5 million
	c. $9 million
	d. The answer cannot be determined because we need to know the second highest bid.

.

Suppose 100 people at an auction are bidding on a piece of land that is known to contain silver deposits. The low bid is $3 million, the average bid is $5 million, and the high bid is $9 million. What is the value of the winner's curse?

	a. $2 million
	b. $4 million
	c. $9 million
	d. There is no curse.

.

Suppose at an all-pay auction, the low bid is $9 million, the middle bid is $10 million, and the high bid is $11 million. What is the realized market value to the person selling?

	a. $9 million
	b. $10 million
	c. $11 million
	d. $30 million

.

Suppose at an all-pay auction, the low bid is $3 million, the middle bid is $7 million, and the high bid is $8 million. What is the realized market value to the person selling?

	a. $15 million
	b. $18 million
	c. $28 million
	d. There is no realized market value to the person selling.

.

Suppose at an all-pay sealed bid auction, there are 30 bids. The first 10 participants bid $3 million. Participants 11 to 20 bid $5 million. And the last 10 bid $7 million. What is the winner's curse for bidder number 11?

	a. $0 million
	b. $2 million
	c. $5 million
	d. There is no winner's curse at an all-pay sealed bid auction.

.

Suppose you bid on a Ming vase in a first-price sealed bid auction. You value the vase at $3 million. Your probability of winning is 10 percent. What is your expected value of bidding $2 million?

	a. $0
	b. $10,000
	c. $100,000
	d. $1,000,000

.

Suppose you bid on a diamond in a first-price sealed bid auction. You value the diamond at $10 million. Your probability of winning is 90 percent. What is your expected value of bidding $9 million?

	a. $0
	b. $900,000
	c. $999,000
	d. $1,000,000

.

Suppose you bid on a Ming vase in a first-price sealed bid auction. You value the vase at $3 million. Your probability of winning is 10 percent. What is your expected value of bidding $3 million?

	a. $0
	b. $10,000
	c. $100,000
	d. $1,000,000

.

In backward induction, a likely outcome of a game can be predicted. What can we say about the likely outcome?

	a. It will be not Pareto optimal.
	b. It will not coincide with the same solution as if the game played out from the beginning.
	c. It will not be Pareto optimal as long as it's the same solution as if the game played out from the beginning.
	d. It can be only compared with other outcomes to determine Pareto optimality.

.

Given a demand curve , what is the price elasticity at point (2,2)?

	a. 0.5
	b. 1
	c. 2
	d. 3

.

Given an individual demand curve with 20 total consumers in the market, what is the slope of the market demand curve?

	a.
	b.
	c.
	d. -320

.

Given a utility function, , what is the slope of the indifference curve at a satisfaction level of 4?

	a.
	b.
	c.
	d.

.

To determine the slope of an indifference curve at a particular point for two goods, which mathematical tool is most appropriate?

	a. Partial derivative
	b. First derivative
	c. Second derivative
	d. Cobb-Douglas utility function

.

Given a utility function, , what is the slope of the indifference curve at a satisfaction level of 200?

	a.
	b.
	c.
	d.

.

Given a utility function, , with prices of (3,4), what is the optimization problem in order to reach a satisfaction level of 500?

	a. .
	b. .
	c. .
	d. .

.

Which mathematical technique can be used to solve the consumer's optimization problem?

	a. Lagrangian
	b. Eulerian
	c. Hamiltonian
	d. Frunze's periphrastic

.

If supply is and demand is , then what is the market equilibrium price?

	a. 1
	b. 2
	c. 3
	d. 4

.

If supply is and demand is , then what is the market equilibrium quantity?

	a. 2
	b. 4
	c. 6
	d. 8

.

If supply is and demand is , then what is the market's total revenue?

	a. 4
	b. 8
	c. 16
	d. 32

.

If supply is and demand is , then what is the equation for price elasticity of demand at market equilibrium?

	a.
	b.
	c.
	d.

.

If supply is and demand is , and the government imposes a $1 tax on buyers, what are the new supply and demand curves?

	a. and
	b. and
	c. and
	d. and

.

Given a demand curve , what is the price elasticity at point (1,3)?

	a. 0.5
	b. 1
	c. 2
	d. 3

.

Given an individual demand curve with 100 total consumers in the market, what is the slope of the market demand curve?

	a. -300
	b.
	c.
	d.

.