Beowulf introduces the reader to the life of a thegn. Which of the following best describes the role of the thegn?

	a. The thegn is a warrior who has sworn his loyalty to an Anglo-Saxon lord.
	b. The thegn is a class of proto-capitalism opposed to the guild system.
	c. The thegn is a warrior who pays money in exchange for exemption from military service.
	d. The thegn is an Anglo-Saxon lord who partakes in the comitatus ethic.
	e. The thegn is a leader in the Middle Ages guild system.

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Between which movements do historians situate literature in the Middle Ages?

	a. English Reformation and Elizabethan Age
	b. Civil war and the Restoration
	c. Roman departure and the Renaissance
	d. Romanticism and the Enlightenment
	e. Mid-century modernism and contemporary

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How does The Cross, as speaker, portray Jesus in The Dream of the Rood?

	a. As the suffering Christ
	b. As the ransom God demands for the sins of humanity
	c. As a special Jewish teacher
	d. As the heroic noble warrior
	e. As a relatable commoner

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In Beowulf, what does the representation of Hrothgar suggest about rulers?

	a. Financial wealth was necessary for kings to maintain power.
	b. Kings often used generous gifts to recruit their followers.
	c. It was necessary for kings to fight in order to keep their power.
	d. The ability to attract fellow warriors was a necessary attribute of power.
	e. All of these answers

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In Beowulf, what is the significance of the term whale-road?

	a. The term is an allusion to Beowulf's golden torque.
	b. The term represents the comitatus ethic.
	c. The term is an example of kenning.
	d. The term is an example of caesura.
	e. The term illustrates the repetition of phrases in the text.

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In Beowulf, what is the significance of the term wyrd?

	a. Wyrd has to do with reparational payments exacted from people guilty of homicide.
	b. Wyrd is related to the folly of earthly possessions.
	c. Wyrd suggests the idea of fate.
	d. Wyrd is an allusion to the impending conversion to Christianity.
	e. Wyrd suggests the idea of death.

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In Beowulf, what is the significance of wergild?

	a. Wergild signifies a society based on blood-feuds.
	b. Wergild is connected to the idea that bloodshed leads to more bloodshed.
	c. Wergild contributes to the claustrophobic, doom-laden atmosphere.
	d. Wergild relates to the concept of wyrd.
	e. All of these answers

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In Caedmon's Hymn, the poet borrows the language of which literary form?

	a. The mock epic
	b. The lyric ballad
	c. The lai
	d. The heroic epic
	e. The haiku

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In The Wanderer, what is the speaker's primary conflict?

	a. The desire to travel in search of wisdom with the social conventions
	b. The folly of earthly things with the wisdom of heaven
	c. The speaker's spiritual regression with the increasing trend of Christian conversions
	d. The desire for a more advanced world with stagnant social progress
	e. The desire to reconcile religion and science

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King Alfred was associated with which of the following events?

	a. The breakdown of England's once solidified political identity
	b. The success of the Battle of Maldon
	c. The translation of Latin texts into the vernacular language
	d. The suppression of the Norman Invasion
	e. All of these answers

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Pride in one's accomplishments was important to the Anglo-Saxon thegn. If so, why does Hrothgar say in Beowulf: do not give way to pride?

	a. Hrothgar believes it is important to stay focused on revenge.
	b. Pride is one of the deadly sins.
	c. Pride causes one to appear immodest.
	d. Extreme pride can cause one to be overly secure and make mistakes.
	e. Pride may result in insecurities, prompting one to be overly cautious.

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The Battle of Maldon describes which historical event?

	a. The defeat of the English at the hands of the Vikings in 991
	b. The First Crusade in the 11th-century
	c. The Second Crusade in the 12th-century
	d. The Norman Conquest in 1066
	e. The invasion of Mongolian nomads in the 13th-century

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What is problematic about calling Beowulf part of Old English literature?

	a. There is no firm concept of when English literature began.
	b. The epic poem is written in a language that is unrecognizable to many English speakers.
	c. Danish and German scholars first claimed the poem.
	d. There are no English characters in the poem.
	e. All of these answers

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What is the primary focus of Bede's Ecclesiastical History?

	a. The life of everyday people in the 5th and 6th centuries
	b. The conversion of Britain to Christianity
	c. The history of Christianity before it reached Britain
	d. The spread of Christianity after the Norman Conquest
	e. The aristocracy's role in spreading Christianity in the 11th century

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What is the significance of Sutton Hoo?

	a. Sutton Hoo is the site of an ancient Anglo-Saxon burial ground.
	b. Sutton Hoo provides architectural evidence from a virtually unexplored period of history.
	c. Sutton Hoo gives more information about the society that created Beowulf.
	d. Sutton Hoo provides insight into the conversion from paganism to Christianity.
	e. All of these answers

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What is the significance of the dreamer in The Dream of the Rood?

	a. The dreamer functions as an example of the comitatus ethic.
	b. The dreamer has a special hope for salvation.
	c. The dreamer is a relic from before the Christian conversion.
	d. The dreamer is an example of the superstition of paganism.
	e. The dreamer is an example of kenning.

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What is the significance of the line: Fate is established! in The Wanderer?

	a. The line describes the fatal outcome of a significant battle.
	b. The line describes the optimistic attitude of the speaker.
	c. The line suggests that the speaker is comfortably settled.
	d. The Wanderer is a poem about fatal endings.
	e. The line suggests that fate plays an irrevocable role in human affairs.

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What literary term is suggested by the quote steadfast companions will stand by him from Beowulf?

	a. The golden torque
	b. Hurnting
	c. Comitatus ethic
	d. Kenning
	e. Alliteration

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What was the primary function of The Rule of Saint Benedict?

	a. The Rule of Saint Benedict standardized monasticism.
	b. The Rule of Saint Benedict was the first example of poetry written in the vernacular language.
	c. The Rule of Saint Benedict explained the new architectural style.
	d. The Rule of Saint Benedict offered an early example of dream poetry.
	e. The Rule of Saint Benedict was intended to increase literacy.

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Which of the following accurately describes the way in which the comitatus ethic is represented in Beowulf, The Seafarer, and The Wanderer?

	a. As a system by which citizens could guarantee protection from their kings
	b. As a mutually beneficial relationship between rulers and warriors
	c. As an economic system of rewards used to ensure warriors reliability
	d. As a pre-feudal power structure based on the distribution of economic and military resources
	e. All of these answers

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Which of the following best defines caesura?

	a. A pause or break in a line of poetry
	b. Giving inanimate objects human qualities
	c. A metaphorical compound
	d. The image used to share qualities in a metaphor or simile
	e. Extreme exaggeration

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Which of the following best defines wergild?

	a. Giving inanimate objects human qualities
	b. A metaphorical compound
	c. A reparational payment demanded of a person guilty of homicide
	d. The image used to share qualities in a metaphor or simile
	e. Extreme exaggeration

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Which of the following best describes how Bede was a typical Christian of his time?

	a. He combined zealous Christianity with English patriotism.
	b. He did not believe that Christianity was an essential part of English culture.
	c. He thought that England was a pagan wilderness.
	d. He believed that English Christians needed to move to a New Israel.
	e. He believed in English patriotism and zealous paganism.

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Which of the following epic themes are invoked in The Wanderer?

	a. Ruined cities
	b. Exile
	c. Abandoned mead-halls
	d. Loneliness
	e. All of these answers

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Which of the following factors helped create a solidified British political identity?

	a. A response to the Danish invasion
	b. The shift away from individual petty kingdoms to central rule under King Alfred
	c. Efforts to revive learning
	d. The translation of Latin religious and historical works in vernacular traditions
	e. All of these answers

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Which of the following is not a characteristic of Old English?

	a. Kenning
	b. Alliteration
	c. Personification
	d. Caesura
	e. Romance

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Which of the following is not related to the term medievalism?

	a. Enlightenment
	b. Feudalism
	c. Guildhouses
	d. Monasticism
	e. All of these answers

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Which of the following provides an example of the oral-formulaic tradition?

	a. The Battle of Maldon
	b. Caedmon's Hymn
	c. Beowulf
	d. The Wanderer
	e. The Dream of the Rood

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Which of the following statements best characterizes the work of early monks in shaping future medieval church life?

	a. They were eager students of everything they could learn from the outside world.
	b. They were extremely charismatic.
	c. They wanted to move from the basics of Christian faith to a full Christian life.
	d. They were promoters of the monastic life.
	e. All of these answers

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Which of the following statements regarding the success and importance of the oral tradition of literature is true?

	a. Monks memorized many passages of scripture, preserving scriptures.
	b. Scops recited poems to noble audiences, preserving the stories and poetic tradition.
	c. Thegns were nobles who liked literature, and their patronage made poets popular.
	d. Anchoresses recited poems to occupy their time alone in their cells.
	e. Serfs enjoyed the poems as entertainment after working in the fields.

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Which of the following texts provides the best example of the comitatus ethic?

	a. Caedmon's Hymn
	b. The Battle of Maldon
	c. The Canterbury Tales
	d. The Dream of the Rood
	e. Bede's Conversion of England

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Which text is an example of a poem structured as a vision to convey the theme of salvation?

	a. The Canterbury Tales
	b. The Battle of Maldon
	c. The Seafarer
	d. The Wanderer
	e. The Dream of the Rood

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Why is Caedmon's Hymn important in the history of Old English literature?

	a. The poem's fascinating rhyme scheme is unique for the time.
	b. The poem could be easily sung in all churches and was widely accepted.
	c. The poem's theme of alienation becomes familiar to Anglo-Saxon poetry.
	d. The poem illustrates Caedmon's erudition and scholarship.
	e. The poem is widely believed to be the first written poem in Old English.

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Why is the concept of feudalism important in medieval literature?

	a. Feudalism represents the world of scholars who studied the ancient texts of the past.
	b. The feudal world is one of glamor and beauty.
	c. Feudalism represents an economic hierarchy, the upper levels of which created and consumed literature.
	d. Feudalism represents interesting family quarrels that make for good stories.
	e. The concept of feudalism is founded in religion and dogma.

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Why is the presence of the comitatus ethic in Beowulf significant?

	a. The comitatus ethic represents the shift from a nomadic to a more organized social structure.
	b. The comitatus ethic is evidence of a period in which behavior was guided by Christian ethics.
	c. The comitatus ethic shows a historical return to older types of political organization.
	d. The comitatus ethic represents a culture in which rulers had no responsibilities to their citizens.
	e. The comitatus ethic represents the shift from an organized, civil society to a nomadic society.

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Arthur, the good King of Britain...held a rich and royal court.

	a. This line suggests that kings are good and virtuous.
	b. This line suggests that Britain was the most important place in the medieval world.
	c. This line suggests that good kings are rewarded by God.
	d. This line suggests that Arthur was beloved by the English, because he was good.
	e. This line suggests the elegance necessary for the feudal king to display being at the top of the economic hierarchy.

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Despite the fact that the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle continued well into the Norman rule of the 12th century, which king originally commissioned this work?

	a. King Harold
	b. King Arthur
	c. William the Conqueror
	d. Alfred the Great
	e. William Rufus

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How did French become the dominant language of England?

	a. King Edward the Confessor had spent his youth in Normandy.
	b. King Alfred wanted all educated people to speak French.
	c. Many English nobles preferred French because of the culture's superior poetry.
	d. Edward the Confessor's wife was French, and she had great influence at court.
	e. After the successful invasion of England, the language of William of Normandy became the language of the elite.

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How did the interaction between the English and the Bretons affect literature?

	a. The exposure to new forms ended the production of lais.
	b. This interaction led to the influence of Arthurian legend on French literature.
	c. This interaction led to more stories about the English conversion to Christianity.
	d. The cultural exchange led to more stories about ancient myths.
	e. All of these answers

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How did the Norman Conquest affect the international political situation in England?

	a. The Norman Conquest detached England from Scandinavian influence.
	b. The Norman Conquest increased the French influence.
	c. The Norman Conquest marked the last attempt for a Scandinavian nation to overtake England.
	d. The Norman Conquest ended cultural interaction with Norway and Denmark.
	e. All of these answers

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How did the Normans revolutionize English poetry?

	a. They introduced alliterative verse.
	b. They introduced rhyming octosyllabic couplets.
	c. They introduced iambic pentameter.
	d. They introduced metaphor.
	e. They introduced litotes and meiosis.

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How do the themes of Marie de France's Lanval and Chretien de Troyes Yvain compare?

	a. Both use the comitatus ethic to explain their hero's motivations.
	b. Both include references to William the Conqueror.
	c. Both include the theme of broken promises between lovers.
	d. Both feature mentions of the conversion from paganism.
	e. Both include a dream-vision.

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How is the lai similar to a medieval romance?

	a. Both include stacked tales in a single sequential narrative.
	b. Both have courtly love as their central theme.
	c. Both are designed in an episodic manner.
	d. Both are usually intended to be sung as hymns.
	e. All of these answers

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In Acrene Wisse, the mission of the anchorite was justified through what purpose?

	a. To serve the church
	b. To withdraw and meditate upon God
	c. To pray
	d. To preach
	e. To convert to Christianity

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In Acrene Wisse, what is the author's advice regarding priests?

	a. Priests should be used as examples of ecclesiastical life.
	b. Priests should be avoided, because men are bad influences.
	c. Priests should offer anchoresses their only connection to the outside world.
	d. Priests should be honored, because men are naturally more spiritual.
	e. Priests should be obeyed, because men are good influences.

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In Lanval, how does Marie de France represent King Arthur?

	a. As a historical figure with whom her audience is largely unfamiliar
	b. As a warrior king
	c. As someone who broken the tradition of offering lavish gifts to his supporters
	d. As a modest ruler who defended his own borders
	e. As a dedicated king but not necessarily a generous or courageous one

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In the first decades after the Norman Conquest, which of the following best describes the use of language in England?

	a. The conquered English quickly studied French.
	b. The French conquerors learned English in order to be able to govern well.
	c. Latin became a common language for interaction between the two groups.
	d. Most of the English population went on speaking English with French used mostly among the upper-ruling class.
	e. All of these answers

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In Yvain, le Chevalier au Lion, what is the significance of trouthe?

	a. Trouthe represents the supernatural aspects of the medieval romance.
	b. Trouthe alludes to the British conversion from paganism to Christianity.
	c. Trouthe emphasizes the positive side of feudalism.
	d. Trouthe suggests the imminent return to a pre-feudal social organization.
	e. Trouthe emphasizes the downside of feudalism.

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The adventure of another lay/Just as it happened, I'll relay.

	a. The line has obvious rhyme and meter, and the opening words suggest a story of adventure and excitement.
	b. The strong alliteration creates rhythm that accentuates the adventurous spirit.
	c. The line seems to frame a story with plot complications.
	d. The line alludes to a poem with religious undertones.
	e. The line aims to record a historical moment.

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What is a lai?

	a. A poem that is usually intended to be sung
	b. A poem with courtly love as its central theme
	c. A short lyrical poem
	d. A poem that is usually in octosyllabic couplets
	e. All of these answers

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What is the primary purpose of Chetien de Troye's medieval romances?

	a. To convert readers to Christianity through positive examples
	b. To inform illiterate readers about Arthurian legend
	c. To reconcile the hero's responsibilities in love and wars
	d. To sway audiences away from reading tales of courtly love
	e. To convince readers to learn more about French history instead of English history

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What is the significance of the phrase protecting the heart from Acrene Wisse?

	a. The phrase refers to anchoresses responsibility to defend other Christians.
	b. The phrase suggests that women should safeguard their spirituality through total withdrawal from the world.
	c. The phrase is considered one of the positive effects of prayer.
	d. The phrase involves becoming a nun in order to escape the bad influence of men.
	e. The phrase implies that women are tempted by romance even once they become nuns.

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What is the verse form of Marie de France's Lanval?

	a. Dactylic pentameter
	b. Octosyllabic couplets
	c. Heroic couplets
	d. Clerihew
	e. Iambic pentameter

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What was historically significant about Chretien de Troyes Yvain, le Chevalier au Lion?

	a. He recast the history of Arthur into the romance genre.
	b. He was the first to discuss the Knights of the Round Table.
	c. He separated Arthurian legend from tales of courtly love.
	d. He dropped the supernatural theme found in Arthurian legend.
	e. He avoided the traditional courtly economy theme.

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What was the focus of Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae?

	a. The life and poems of Caedmon
	b. The conversion of Britain from paganism
	c. The early years of William the Conqueror
	d. The tales of King Arthur
	e. The influence of medieval women writers in the history of Britain

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What was the function of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle?

	a. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the history of the continuity and persistence of Anglo-Saxon culture in Old English.
	b. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle offers a lay person's perspective on Anglo-Saxon history.
	c. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle focuses on the courtly adventures of Anglo-Saxon English.
	d. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle presents an accurate description of the Second and Third Crusades.
	e. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the conversion to Christianity in Middle English.

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Which of the following advice is offered to women in Acrene Wisse?

	a. Anchoresses should avoid bad influences.
	b. Anchoresses should live in a dwelling attached to a church.
	c. Anchoresses should avoid gossip.
	d. Anchoresses should avoid men.
	e. All of these answers

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Which of the following are characteristics of a medieval romance?

	a. Heroic knights involved in courtly romances
	b. Episodic French and German poetry
	c. Resemblance to an epic
	d. Supernatural themes involving dragons and monsters
	e. All of these answers

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Which of the following best defines Middle English?

	a. An early form spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons
	b. A filed-down Old English with heavy French influence
	c. A unique form of English spoken in Germany
	d. A form brought to England by the Scandinavians
	e. A late form of English that very closely resembles Modern English

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Which of the following characteristics are not essential to knightly chivalry as described by Chretien de Troyes?

	a. The knight is religious.
	b. The knight is submissive to his lad.
	c. The knight is dedicated to his feudal lord.
	d. The knight is blond, tall, and elegant.
	e. The knight is willing to go to exotic places on adventures.

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Which of the following cultural changes occurred as a result of the Norman invasion?

	a. The Church moved away from using Latin.
	b. The trend of educational reforms was reversed.
	c. England returned to its pre-feudal state.
	d. The primary language became French.
	e. All of these answers

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Which of the following is not a major category of the romance genre?

	a. The Matter of Germany
	b. The Matter of Rome
	c. The Matter of Britain
	d. The Matter of England
	e. The Matter of France

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Which of the following is not a theme in Chretien de Troyes Yvain, le Chevalier au Lion?

	a. The relationships between knights and ladies
	b. The feudal system
	c. The knight's lack of loyalty to his lord
	d. The conduct of wars and tournaments
	e. The religious code of honor

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Which of the following is not an example of a lai?

	a. Marie de France's Lanval
	b. Sir Launfal
	c. Chaucer's The Wife of Bath
	d. Chaucer's Franklin's Tale
	e. Norwich's Revelations of Divine Love

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Which of the following is not an example of Arthurian legend?

	a. Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae
	b. Julian of Norwich's Revelations of Divine Love
	c. Marie de France's Lanval
	d. Sir Thomas Malory's Morte Darthur
	e. Chretien de Troyes Yvain, le Chevalier au Lion

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Which of the following most accurately explains the Bretons influence on medieval literature?

	a. These people were a group from the Brittany region of France.
	b. The Bretons roots were in the Celtic cultural tradition.
	c. Breton literature had a profound effect on medieval literature in England.
	d. The Bretons represented prominent forces in the Norman invasion.
	e. All of these answers

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Which of the following texts was inspired by Historia Regum Britanniae?

	a. Bede's Ecclesiastical History
	b. Caedmon's Hymn
	c. Chretien de Troyes Yvain, or le Chevalier au Lion
	d. Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales
	e. Julian of Norwich's Revelations of Divine Love

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Which of the following would most likely be the theme of a medieval romance?

	a. The story of an English village's conversion to Christianity
	b. A first-person story of the Norman invasion
	c. The adventure of a knight who rescues a maiden
	d. A poem that features courtly love but denounces supernaturalism
	e. A story about paganism and an apocalypse

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Why was Acrene Wisse written in the vernacular language?

	a. It was written for an audience of nuns only.
	b. English was a more commonly used language in the Church.
	c. The audience was likely unable to read French.
	d. Women were more educated, so they knew more languages.
	e. The audience was partially lay-women with little knowledge of Latin.

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Chaucer and Langland were contemporaries, but there were several differences between their writing styles. Which of the following best describes these differences?

	a. Langland wrote only about aristocratic characters that were similar to Arthurian legends, whereas Chaucer wrote about lower social classes.
	b. Chaucer and Langland wrote in different dialects.
	c. Chaucer copied French and Italian style, whereas Langland did not.
	d. Most of Chaucer’s poetry was for a secular court audience, whereas Langland’s was didactic, teaching a moral lesson.
	e. Chaucer wrote only about aristocratic characters that were similar to continental heroes, while Langland wrote about lower social classes.

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Chaucer’s pilgrims are a representative section of late medieval society. Which of the following economic situations is evident among this group?

	a. Production moved to the countryside.
	b. Landlords had growing problems with their tenants.
	c. The lack of guilds led to a decline in available civic services.
	d. A modern social hierarchy developed.
	e. All of these answers

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Chaucer’s “The Canterbury Tales”?

	a. The court of Richard II
	b. The church
	c. The military
	d. The literary tradition
	e. Women

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Complete the following statement. Chaucer wrote his elegiac poem, “The Book of the Duchess,” to praise the young Duchess of Lancaster who tragically died of:

	a. the Black Plague.
	b. unrequited love for John of Gaunt.
	c. drowning in the Thames.
	d. childbirth.
	e. assassination .

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How was mystical literature significant?

	a. Mystical literature suggested the continued link between paganism and Christianity.
	b. Mystical literature prohibited women from writing in the voice of God.
	c. Mystical literature ended the trend of poems in which God was cast as a lover.
	d. Mystical literature provided a place for women to write romantic and religious literature.
	e. All of these answers

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In Chaucer’s “The Miller’s Tale,” why would the miller’s determination to speak following the knight appear unsettling to the 14th century audience?

	a. The miller’s tale was more shocking than the knight’s tale.
	b. The knight had not finished his tale.
	c. The miller did not ask politely.
	d. A member of the clergy should have spoken next.
	e. The miller was far beneath the knight in social order, so the miller should have deferred to the person who ranked above him.

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In “Everyman,” which of the following provides the path to redemption in the afterlife?

	a. Earthly wealth
	b. Faith
	c. Time spent in prayer
	d. Donations made to the monastery
	e. Good deeds

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In “The Wife of Bath’s Tale,” what is the significance of “barley bread”?

	a. Barley bread provides an example of medieval estates satire.
	b. Barley bread represents the wife’s answer to the belief that virginity is superior to marriage.
	c. Barley bread suggests the heroine’s state as a fallen woman.
	d. Barley bread signifies Chaucer’s use of alliterative verse.
	e. Barley bread represents the wife’s traditional take on being subservient in marriage.

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The home of Chaucer’s royal patron and friend, John of Gaunt, was burned during the Peasants’ Revolt of 138. What events led to this revolt?

	a. Manorial landlords used the political situation to exploit destitute peasants.
	b. Government policies were incorrectly based on the idea that the rich would help the poor survive.
	c. The high rates of the poll tax were considered unfair.
	d. Peasants were jointly united against the pattern of upper-class harassments
	e. All of these answers

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The turbulent years of the 14th century witnessed a blending of language and culture that led to the rise of Middle English. Which of the following events led to the nickname “the era of catastrophes”?

	a. The Great Famine
	b. The Hundred Years War
	c. The Great Schism
	d. The Black Plague
	e. All of these answers

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What distinguishes morality plays from mystery plays?

	a. Mystery plays involve Christian themes, whereas morality plays do not.
	b. Morality plays involve Christian themes, whereas mystery plays do not.
	c. Morality plays were written individually, whereas mystery plays are in cycles.
	d. Mystery plays were written individually, whereas morality plays are in cycles.
	e. Mystery plays and morality plays are synonymous; there is no distinction.

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What does Chaucer write concerning the devastating effect of the Black Death upon English social, cultural, and economic life in “The Canterbury Tales”?

	a. Priests died in great numbers.
	b. Rent prices increased because of the market boom.
	c. The upper classes were burdened by their monopoly of scarce resources.
	d. Chaucer wrote no direct descriptions.
	e. Upper classes fared only marginally better than peasants during this time.

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What is the significance of the title of “Everyman”?

	a. The title suggests a long history of conflict between the government and the individual.
	b. The title is part of the morality play’s attempt to make Christian struggles universal.
	c. The title alludes to other plays in the same cycle.
	d. The title suggests that faith-based issues are individual to each Christian.
	e. The title suggests timeless problems that have affected Christians and pagans alike.

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What is the significance of the “Green Knight”?

	a. He suggests the lack of knightly themes in Middle English poetry.
	b. He alludes to an ancient Anglo-Saxon ruler.
	c. He represents the link with Celtic mythology.
	d. He suggests a continued tie with paganism.
	e. He represents the end of supernatural themes in literature.

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What led to the alliterative revival?

	a. A return to reading poetry from the 11th and 12th centuries
	b. The influence of southern courtly poets writing in French and Latin
	c. A surge in English nationalism
	d. The introduction to new poetic forms during the Norman invasion
	e. The influence of feudalism after the Norman Conquest

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Which genre is based on interactions between three feudal classes?

	a. Dream poetry
	b. Romance
	c. Lai
	d. Estates satire
	e. Mysticism

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Which of the following best defines alliterative verse?

	a. A traditional form with repeated consonant sounds
	b. An Anglo-Saxon form written in iambic pentameter with traditional rhymes
	c. A popular form in the 9th and 10th centuries
	d. A form brought to England in the years during the Norman invasion
	e. An avant-garde form that lacks rhythmic qualities

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Which of the following best defines mysticism?

	a. The dream connection between the two sexes
	b. A literary genre written mainly in the Anglo-Saxon era
	c. The human soul’s tendency towards intimate union with the divine
	d. The separation between humanity and divinity
	e. A literary genre that focuses on paganism

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Which of the following best describes the significance of the following line from Julian of Norwich’s “Revelations of Divine Love”: “all manner of things shall be well”?

	a. The world is a happy and wonderful place.
	b. We can make the world better if we work hard.
	c. There are many things in the world to love.
	d. The love and grace of God can change lives for the better.
	e. There is no good idea except in things.

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Which of the following characters from “The Canterbury Tales” might represent the rising middle-class of the 14th century?

	a. The merchant
	b. The knight
	c. The prioress
	d. The plowman
	e. All of these answers

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Which of the following genres applies to Langland’s “Piers Plowman”?

	a. Theological quest
	b. Allegory
	c. Social satire
	d. Dream vision
	e. All of these answers

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Which of the following is the best example of a morality play?

	a. “The Seafarer”
	b. “Everyman”
	c. “The Second Shepherds’ Play”
	d. “The Dream of the Rood”
	e. “The Wanderer”

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Which of the following is the best example of a mystery play?

	a. “The Wife of Bath’s Tale”
	b. “The Second Shepherds’ Play”
	c. “The Knight’s Tale”
	d. “The Dream of the Rood”
	e. “The Battle of Maldon”

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Which of the following lines provides an example of alliterative verse?

	a. “The knight took a step toward/The maiden she called him forward”
	b. “her biginneth the earste boc of ures ant ureisuns the gode beoth to seggen”
	c. “doughty in theire doings and dredde ay schame”
	d. “I left my lands to come where you are/To find you I have come so far!”
	e. All of these answers

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Which of the following texts are associated with the alliterative revival?

	a. “The Dream of the Rood”
	b. “The Wanderer”
	c. “The Seafarer”
	d. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”
	e. “The Battle of Maldon”

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Which of the following texts provides the best example of medieval estates satire?

	a. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”
	b. “Piers Plowman”
	c. “The Canterbury Tales”
	d. “The Book of Margery Kempe”
	e. “Revelations of Divine Love”

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Which of the following themes appears in “The Miller’s Tale”?

	a. The hypocrisy of the clergy
	b. The misuse of scripture
	c. The contrast between vulgar love and courtly love
	d. The misdirected kiss
	e. All of these answers

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Which of the following themes is not explored in “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”?

	a. The knightly ideal
	b. Conversion to Christianity
	c. Sexual purity
	d. Feudal loyalty
	e. Paganism

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Why is the Battle of Hastings relevant to the development of Middle English?

	a. William the Conqueror and his troops killed many of the upper-class, Anglo-Saxon speaking nobles.
	b. English as a language of the king’s court was replaced by Norman French.
	c. Eventually English was reestablished, deeply influenced by Norman French.
	d. For a time, England became a country with two languages.
	e. All of these answers

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Why was the alliterative revival associated with nationalism and nostalgia?

	a. It reminded the audience of stirring French romances.
	b. The stories of King Arthur made all English people nostalgic.
	c. Metrical poetry simply got boring.
	d. Alliterative poetry was much easier to write.
	e. Alliterative poetry was associated with a world before the French influence, a world before the Conquest.

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“The Second Shepherds’ Play” is part of which play cycle?

	a. Cornish cycle
	b. York cycle
	c. Roman cycle
	d. Wakefield cycle
	e. Corpus Christi cycle

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