A farce is a(n):

	a. intellectual comedy.
	b. play with a definite moral.
	c. wedding play.
	d. play where jokes are more important than plot.
	e. humorous tragedy.

.

After the deposition of Charles I and the end of the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell established the:

	a. Protectorate.
	b. Restoration.
	c. Privy Council.
	d. Commonwealth.
	e. Monarchy.

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All of the following were either King or Queen of England EXCEPT:

	a. Queen Anne.
	b. Charles I.
	c. Charles II.
	d. Charles III.
	e. Queen Elizabeth.

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Because of all of the adultery and humor of William Wycherly’s “The Country Wife,” it is easy for the reader not to see true love unfold between:

	a. Mrs. Alithea and Mr. Sparkish.
	b. Miss Lucy and Mr. Sparkish.
	c. Mrs. Alithea and Mr. Harcourt.
	d. Miss Lucy and Mr. Harcourt.
	e. Mrs. Pinchwife and Mr. Horner.

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Because of the Enlightenment, the relationship between faith and reason changed during the 18th century. Which of the following is the most accurate description of that relationship?

	a. Faith was taken to be of little consequence.
	b. Faith was accepted without question.
	c. The claims of faith were balanced against the claims of reason.
	d. Reason determined that faith was unreasonable.
	e. No one really thought about it because all serious challenges to faith were subject to a panel of bishops.

.

Domestic tragedy includes all of the following EXCEPT:

	a. the death of a character.
	b. a fallen household.
	c. a husband and wife.
	d. a villain.
	e. a wedding.

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In England in the 18th century, women’s rights:

	a. expanded.
	b. contracted.
	c. were championed in plays.
	d. were ridiculed in plays.
	e. Both A and C

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In William Wycherly’s play “The Country Wife,” Lady Fidget, Mrs. Squeamish, and Mr. Horner substitute talk about “sex” with talk about “china.” What literary convention are they using?

	a. Metaphor
	b. Simile
	c. Soliloquy
	d. Double entendre
	e. Synonym

.

In William Wycherly’s play “The Country Wife,” how does Mrs. Pinchwife almost expose Mr. Horner’s plan?

	a. As a country wife, she is more sophisticated in the ways of adultery than a city wife.
	b. She threatens to blackmail him.
	c. Because she has had an affair with him, she knows for sure that he is not impotent, and she almost tells the others.
	d. She tells her maid about her affair who almost tells the others.
	e. She tells her husband that he should indeed worry about her spending time with Mr. Horner.

.

In William Wycherly’s play “The Country Wife,” there is a scene where all of the other female characters take Mrs. Pinchwife aside to prevent her from exposing Mr. Horner. This action reveals:

	a. hypocrisy in marriage and society.
	b. that all marriages are subject to adultery.
	c. the loveless society of 18th-century England.
	d. the innocence of those who live in the country.
	e. All of these answers

.

In William Wycherly’s play “The Country Wife,” Mr. Horner’s ruse to gain entry into women’s bedchambers is to pretend he’s:

	a. a repairman.
	b. sick.
	c. a lawyer.
	d. a doctor.
	e. a eunuch.

.

Jonathan Swift once wrote that satire is:

	a. like a mirror where people see themselves objectively.
	b. like a mirror where people see everyone but themselves.
	c. like a two-way mirror where people can see the inner workings of society.
	d. not like a mirror at all, but rather like a brick that is used to break mirrors so that people don’t have to look at themselves.
	e. like a window where people can look in on society.

.

Prior to the Restoration, the theatres had been closed because:

	a. the theatre owners lost too much money due to the cost of elaborate sets and costumes.
	b. the public found other entertainment.
	c. there had been a lengthy strike from the costumer’s guild.
	d. plays were thought to encourage immorality.
	e. Both A and C

.

Sir Walter Raleigh wrote “The History of the World” while imprisoned. Under the guise of a history, Raleigh’s work is actually a:

	a. history of England, not of the world.
	b. biblical reading of secular history.
	c. means for Raleigh to criticize the king and the court from jail.
	d. history of explorers like himself.
	e. history of the world, nothing more, nothing less.

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The character type of the “rake” appears first in the 18th century. What stock character most closely resembles him?

	a. Uneducated farmhand
	b. Rich landowner or businessman
	c. Suave seducer
	d. Naïve husband
	e. Overweight father

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The difference between a satire and a comedy is that:

	a. satire is just for laughs.
	b. satire teaches a clear moral lesson.
	c. satire depends upon pratfalls and mistaken identities.
	d. satires end with a death, while comedies end with a marriage.
	e. both are cynical, abrasive, and mean-spirited – there is not a difference between them.

.

The emphasis upon promiscuity in Restoration plays:

	a. reflected the promiscuity of Charles II.
	b. confirmed the Puritans’ criticisms about the vices found in the theaters.
	c. shifted to the public sphere what had always been limited to the private sphere.
	d. None of these answers
	e. All of these answers

.

The Glorious Revolution was:

	a. the nonviolent victory of the commoners over the crown.
	b. named as such because it gave so much glory to King Charles II.
	c. the first organized labor strike in history.
	d. a victory that ensured that Parliament would have more power than the king.
	e. the final defeat of France.

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The main religious conflict in England prior to the Glorious Revolution in 1688 was between what two groups?

	a. Atheists and Anglicans
	b. Presbyterians and Catholics
	c. Anglicans and Presbyterians
	d. Atheists and Catholics
	e. Anglicans and Catholics

.

The Scientific Revolution established substantial progress in existing knowledge, so much in fact, that England in the 17th century saw itself as the most advanced civilization since Ancient Rome. Satirists agreed, but they saw one discipline as never progressing or changing. Which one?

	a. Morality
	b. Biology
	c. Physics
	d. Chemistry
	e. Anatomy and Physiology

.

The term “Restoration” refers to what event that followed the English Civil War?

	a. The restoration of lands to the Catholic Church
	b. The restoration of the king and the British monarchy
	c. The restoration of the titles to the nobility that Charles I had taken away
	d. The restoration of peace throughout Great Britain
	e. The restoration of voting rights to the House of Commons

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What is the main criticism of marriage in Restoration drama?

	a. Married life is boring.
	b. Marriages often mismatch older men with younger women.
	c. Marriages are not based upon love or mutual respect but upon financial gain.
	d. Society encourages husbands to drink and gamble.
	e. Society encourages wives to have affairs.

.

What was the main cause of the English Civil War?

	a. Religious conflict between Anglicans and Scottish Presbyterians
	b. Political conflict between the commoners and the nobility
	c. Charles I’s defiance of Parliament
	d. Just like America almost 200 years later, slavery
	e. Charles I’s attempt to establish a state religion

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When Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote “Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains,” he associated “chains” with all of the following EXCEPT:

	a. religion.
	b. enlightenment.
	c. society.
	d. history.
	e. tradition.

.

Which of the following was an integral part of Restoration musical theater?

	a. Castratos
	b. Wedding marches
	c. Woodwinds
	d. Megaphones
	e. Italian operas

.

Who was the famous diarist who captured the best surviving description of the Great Fire of 1666?

	a. Oliver Cromwell
	b. William Wycherly
	c. Samuel Pepys
	d. Jonathan Swift
	e. Nicholas Rowe

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All of the following are reasons why “The Rover” is an important play EXCEPT that it:

	a. was written by a woman during a time when all of the playwrights were men.
	b. presents women as capable of being rakes, just like men.
	c. shows the hypocrisy of the conventions of 18th-century marriages.
	d. presents female characters who have more wit and money than their male counterparts.
	e. was the first play in the history of English theatre to feature women who disguised themselves as men.

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All of the following are the objects of satire in John Gay’s “The Beggar’s Opera” EXCEPT:

	a. Italian opera.
	b. arias that were not understood by British audiences.
	c. high society.
	d. elaborate costumes and sets.
	e. censorship of the theatre.

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Aphra Behn wrote to address stereotypes for women. What was the most common dichotomy that fed these stereotypes?

	a. The servant and the spouse
	b. The matron and the maven
	c. The supporter and the scolder
	d. The virgin and the whore
	e. The courtesan and the princess

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Characters’ names in Restoration drama were typically:

	a. signifiers of the personality of the characters.
	b. regular names found in any registry.
	c. farcical and served to detract from the plot of a play.
	d. recycled from Shakespeare plays.
	e. taken from the headlines of the day.

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Each theater company had a group of actors that was a mixture of:

	a. men and women.
	b. noble and common citizens.
	c. rich and poor citizens.
	d. old and young actors.
	e. playwrights and actors.

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Hellena, a character in Aphra Behn’s “The Rover” leaves the convent, marries the rake Willmore, and inherits 300,000 crowns. What point is Behn making by creating a character like her?

	a. Behn wanted to show that women who leave the protection of the church are not wise enough to choose a proper spouse.
	b. Behn wanted to portray a female character in complete control of her life and destiny.
	c. Behn wanted to point out that money cannot replace wisdom.
	d. Behn wanted to affirm the theatrical convention of allowing the rake to win out.
	e. Behn wanted to criticize the theatrical convention of rewarding virtue and punishing vice.

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Henry Fielding’s “The Author’s Farce” satirizes all of the following EXCEPT:

	a. the theater’s emphasis of quantity over quality.
	b. the publishing industry.
	c. how theatrical success depends more upon who you know rather than individual talent.
	d. that audiences will attend any play, regardless of its merits.
	e. the rising number of plays featuring burlesque interludes.

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How often were the lower classes the stars of a Restoration drama?

	a. Quite often (the majority of plays)
	b. Rarely (less than five)
	c. Never
	d. About the same as any other social class
	e. We have no way of knowing.

.

In Oliver Goldsmith’s play “She Stoops to Conquer,” why does Miss Kate Hardcastle disguise herself as a lowly maid?

	a. She wants to see the true thoughts and feelings of Charles Marlowe.
	b. She is embarrassed by her upper class riches.
	c. Charles Marlowe is comfortable only among the lower classes.
	d. It is not a disguise; she actually is a maid.
	e. She thinks that the lower classes have an admirable naiveté about life.

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In Richard Sheridan’s “The School for Scandal,” we learn that Lady Teazle married Sir Peter Teazle only for his money. By the end of the play:

	a. she comes to love Sir Peter himself more than this money.
	b. she replaces Lady Sneerwell as the President for the School for Scandal.
	c. she rejoices when Sir Peter dies and she inherits his estate.
	d. she spends all of Sir Teazle’s money, and he goes bankrupt.
	e. nothing changes. She still loves Sir Teazle only for his money.

.

In Richard Sheridan’s “The School for Scandal,” Lady Sneerwell and Snake:

	a. lend money at exorbitant interest so that they can ruin the reputation of others.
	b. are not interested in having Lady Teazle join them because they want to gossip about her.
	c. run a network of gossipers.
	d. emerge victorious in what has been seen as a prediction of the 21st-century’s treatment of celebrity culture.
	e. seek forgiveness and are reintegrated back into society.

.

In William Congreve’s “The Way of the World,” why is Mrs. Millamant against marriage?

	a. In the 18th-century weddings were arranged marriages, and she wants to choose her own spouse.
	b. After marriage, wives are little more than the property of their husbands.
	c. Men choose women based upon the size of their dowry and not upon love.
	d. She knows she will lose her freedom.
	e. She thinks it is old fashioned.

.

John Dennis, a critic, did not like Richard Steele’s “The Conscious Lovers.” All of the following are reasons why Dennis did not like the play EXCEPT that:

	a. Bevil Junior is too servile to his father.
	b. the play was not funny.
	c. there was not enough satire in it.
	d. the sets were too lavish.
	e. it was a tragedy that called itself a comedy.

.

John Dryden was successful in all of these roles EXCEPT as a:

	a. satirist.
	b. religious poet.
	c. translator.
	d. critic.
	e. diarist.

.

Restoration drama often presents the upper classes as vapid and vain. What is the purpose of doing so?

	a. Only the upper classes can be satirized.
	b. Readers learn that true wisdom comes only from the lower classes.
	c. There is no higher purpose other than that of humorous entertainment.
	d. Actually, all of society was satirized, not just the upper classes.
	e. Vanity was essential to preserving one’s station in life.

.

Richard Steele’s “The Conscious Lovers” changes the formula of Restoration drama in all of the following ways EXCEPT that:

	a. rakes are punished.
	b. sexual innuendo is removed.
	c. women do not dress up as men.
	d. costumes and sets are very minimal.
	e. good morals are reinforced.

.

Sentimental comedy reacted against:

	a. plots based upon mistaken identities.
	b. the obsession with the past, especially that of ancient Rome.
	c. the new trend of didactic moralizing.
	d. the emphasis upon tragedies.
	e. the immorality of previous comedies.

.

The emphasis upon the social classes in Restoration drama shows:

	a. that a stable social order depends upon fixed roles.
	b. the economic injustices of the times more clearly to audiences.
	c. how easy it is to move from one social class to another.
	d. that virtue and vice exist in all levels of society.
	e. that most comedies depend upon poverty for their humor.

.

The events in “All for Love” took place in ancient Rome, but one can easily identify the parallels between Antony and Charles II. Ventidius’s counsel to Antony could just as well be given to Charles II. What did Ventidius suggest to Antony?

	a. To learn how to rule himself
	b. To learn how to rule others
	c. To drop his attraction for beautiful women and to invade Egypt (i.e., France)
	d. To join forces with him against Rome
	e. To concern himself with the coming Persian (i.e., French) invasion to the east

.

The fundamental difference between the rake characters of male authors like William Wycherly and William Congreve and the rake characters of Aphra Behn is that:

	a. Behn’s rakes are punished more severely.
	b. Behn’s rakes are more successful at seduction.
	c. Behn’s rakes are seduced themselves rather than the seducers.
	d. Behn’s rakes care nothing for seduction but are really after money.
	e. Behn’s rakes are rude, obnoxious, and not attractive to the female characters.

.

The Licensing Act of 1737 had what effect on the theatre?

	a. Audiences attended more plays knowing that the works had been properly vetted.
	b. Audiences distrusted the plays that the censors approved.
	c. Innovation was stymied and older theatrical forms were revived.
	d. Actors turned to publishing as a means to supplement their revenue.
	e. There was a marked increase in the number of Italian operas staged.

.

The plot of Nicholas Rowe’s “Jane Shore: A Tragedy” was:

	a. based on actual events.
	b. completely fictional.
	c. set in the 16th century but had nothing to do with the actual Jane Shore.
	d. an updated version of the Jane Shore story that reflected the promiscuity of Charles II.
	e. changed to remove all of the references to religion.

.

What is pathetic drama?

	a. A play about a character who is unsuccessful in all that he or she attempts
	b. A play that focuses upon domestic rather than heroic subjects
	c. A play that is focused on selfish characters, in contrast to sympathetic drama
	d. A play about kings and queens
	e. A play about servants

.

What is the distinguishing characteristic of pathetic drama?

	a. It features characters who are down on their luck and are, therefore, “pathetic.”
	b. It features characters who are too weak to change their fate.
	c. It is a type of drama that is highly emotional, designed to bring the audience to tears.
	d. It features strong characters who look down on everyone as “pathetic,” when, in fact, they themselves are the most pathetic of characters.
	e. It is a label critics used to criticize a bad play.

.

What is the distinguishing characteristic of political satire?

	a. Its object is a real person.
	b. It exaggerates aspects of society in order to address its wrongs.
	c. Its object is a type of person who needs to change.
	d. It attacks human institutions, such as universities, hospitals, and religion.
	e. It puts all of the leaders of the world on the stage and mocks them.

.

What was the name of one of the two theatre companies during the Restoration?

	a. The Queen’s Company
	b. The Duke’s Company
	c. The Player-Kings
	d. The Courtesan Players
	e. The Royal Shakespeare Company

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When it comes to the subject of marriage in William Congreve’s “The Way of the World,” what do the main characters Mirabell and Millamant value most above anything else?

	a. Love
	b. Freedom
	c. Security
	d. Money
	e. Social Standing

.

When Miss Millamant delivers the following speech in William Congreve’s “The Way of the World,” what is the overall tone of her words?

“Trifles; as liberty to pay and receive visits to and from whom I please; to write and receive letters, without interrogatories or wry faces on your part; to wear what I please, and choose conversation with regard only to my own taste; to have no obligation upon me to converse with wits that I don’t like, because they are your acquaintance, or to be intimate with fools, because they may be your relations. Come to dinner when I please, dine in my dressing-room when I’m out of humour, without giving a reason. To have my closet inviolate; to be sole empress of my tea-table, which you must never presume to approach without first asking leave. And lastly, wherever I am, you shall always knock at the door before you come in. These articles subscribed, if I continue to endure you a little longer, I may by degrees dwindle into a wife.”

	a. Cynical
	b. Resigned
	c. Realistic
	d. Hopeless
	e. Excited

.

Why did playwrights such as John Dryden and Nicholas Rowe write about subjects from the distant past?

	a. Because the Puritans were on the lookout for any reason to shut down the theaters again, artists looked to the past because it was “safe.”
	b. Plays served as a means to educate the upper classes, and so similar people from the past were used as characters.
	c. Dryden and Rowe used the past to veil references to contemporary politics.
	d. History was more entertaining than the present.
	e. Audiences associated the theater with old-fashioned times, and so the plots reflected this expectation.

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William Congreve’s “The Way of World” opens with a game of cards. How does this game offer an indirect comment on the play?

	a. Love is a game of risky bets.
	b. Love is a game of chance.
	c. Love is a game that requires strategy.
	d. Love is a game that requires omniscience.
	e. Love is a game that punishes the naïve.

.

A typical plot of “Sturm und Drang” drama involves:

	a. a young man’s unrequited love.
	b. a woman’s suicide.
	c. a wedding.
	d. the triumph of the rational characters over the emotional characters.
	e. a lesson in self-control.

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According to James Kalb’s review of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing’s “Emilia Galotti,” the actions of characters are:

	a. predictable.
	b. not predictable, but they are logical.
	c. rational and driven by context.
	d. empty and vapid.
	e. chaotic and impulsive.

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As a “Sturm und Drang” play, what feature is most prominent in “The Death of Wallenstein”?

	a. The emphasis upon emotion as the basis for all decisions
	b. The emphasis upon reason as the basis for all decisions
	c. The emphasis upon justice as the basis for all decisions
	d. The emphasis upon expediency as the basis for all decisions
	e. The emphasis upon chance as the basis for all decisions

.

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing’s primary influence on German theatre was:

	a. as a critic.
	b. as a philosopher.
	c. as a playwright.
	d. through his theory of aesthetics.
	e. as an essayist.

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Gotthold Ephraim Lessing’s “Emilia Galotti” presents the audience with a man in love. How does the character of the prince reflect the ideas behind “Sturm und Drang”?

	a. He cleans out the corruption of the court.
	b. He is sensible, whereas the other characters in the play are foolish.
	c. He reverses traditional morality and advocates murder so that he can marry Emilia.
	d. He is subject to extreme emotions when he thinks about Emilia.
	e. He proves that absolute power corrupts absolutely.

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How does Butler kill Wallenstein?

	a. He poisons him.
	b. He uses a sword.
	c. He throws him down from a castle wall.
	d. He hires a mercenary.
	e. He burns down the palace.

.

How does Odoardo Galotti, Emilia’s father, prevent her marriage to the prince?

	a. He petitions the king to put a stop to the proceedings.
	b. He hires a lawyer who prevents the wedding.
	c. He knows about the prince’s many affairs and threatens to blackmail him.
	d. He stabs and kills his daughter.
	e. He kidnaps his daughter and takes her back home.

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In a play about Wallenstein’s betrayal of the emperor, what is ironic about Butler’s murder of both Count Terzky and Field-Marshal Illo?

	a. Butler acts from a higher moral ground than Wallenstein.
	b. Wallenstein only betrayed the emperor, he did not murder him.
	c. Butler is no different than Wallenstein.
	d. Just as Wallenstein’s men begged him to reconsider, Gordon begs Butler to reconsider.
	e. Butler murders them at the same time the emperor kills Wallenstein.

.

In Friedrich von Schiller’s “The Death of Wallenstein,” the character Octavio Piccolomini manages to convince:

	a. Wallenstein to surrender.
	b. Wallenstein to change his battle plans.
	c. Wallenstein’s men to become traitors.
	d. the emperor that Wallenstein is harmless.
	e. the emperor to surrender.

.

In Friedrich von Schiller’s “The Death of Wallenstein,” Wallenstein is certain that his project is the fulfillment of:

	a. chance.
	b. destiny.
	c. strategy.
	d. wisdom.
	e. historical determinism.

.

In Friedrich von Schiller’s “The Death of Wallenstein,” what advice do Wallenstein and his daughter Thekla give to Max. Piccolomini?

	a. Max. must chose between Wallenstein and the Emperor.
	b. Max. should elope with Wallenstein 's daughter.
	c. Max. should rejoin the emperor against Wallenstein.
	d. Max. should commit treason against the emperor and join Wallenstein if he is to marry Thekla.
	e. Max. should follow his heart.

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In Friedrich von Schiller’s “The Death of Wallenstein,” when Butler says the following to Gordon, what does he mean? “Nay! let it not afflict you, that your power Is circumscribed. Much liberty, much error! The narrow path of duty is securest.”

	a. Gordon should strive to obtain more power.
	b. Gordon should strive to be more limited.
	c. Gordon is free to escape his limitations.
	d. Gordon should find comfort in his limitations.
	e. Gordon’s freedom and his limitations are about the same.

.

In Friedrich von Schiller’s “The Death of Wallenstein,” what does Thekla choose to do about her unapproved love of Max. Piccolomini?

	a. She follows after Max.
	b. She chooses to obey her father and abandons Max.
	c. She disobeys her father and elopes with Max.
	d. She is so torn between all of her options that she does not make a choice.
	e. She kills herself out of despair.

.

In Friedrich von Schiller’s “The Death of Wallenstein,” why does Butler choose to kill Wallenstein?

	a. Loyalty to the emperor
	b. Revenge
	c. Octavio Piccolomini told him to do so.
	d. He’s upset about Max. and Thekla marrying and taking his dukedom.
	e. It’s not a choice so much as it is self-defense.

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In Gotthold Ephraim Lessing’s “Emilia Galotti,” the prince’s chamberlain Marinelli sets in motion the events that will culminate in the death of Count Appiani. What is revealed about Marinelli’s loyalty?

	a. He is a loyal attendant to the prince.
	b. He insinuates to Emilia’s father that the prince is responsible for Marinelli’s death.
	c. He takes full responsibility for ordering the death of Count Appiani.
	d. He blackmails the prince for half of his fortune.
	e. In order to sabotage the prince’s marriage plans, he tells Emilia that the prince ordered the death of her fiancé, Count Appiani.

.

In Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s “Faust,” what scientific discipline does Faust devote himself to?

	a. Biology
	b. Alchemy
	c. Physics
	d. Anatomy
	e. Chemistry

.

In Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s “Faust,” what is the one thing that leaves Mephistopheles powerless?

	a. The Earth Spirit
	b. Being ignored
	c. Prayer
	d. Righteousness
	e. Boredom

.

In the play “Emilia Galotti,” the prince Hettore Gonzaga is almost as affected by an artistic rendering of Emilia as he is of her in person. What art form moves Hettore’s emotions?

	a. A painting
	b. A sculpture
	c. A description
	d. A poem
	e. A song

.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe said that the main theme of Friedrich von Schiller’s writing was:

	a. freedom.
	b. “Sturm und Drang.”
	c. tragedy.
	d. politics.
	e. domesticity.

.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s “Faust” is the greatest expression of what literary movement?

	a. Nationalism
	b. Expressionism
	c. Rationalism
	d. Romanticism
	e. “Sturm und Drang”

.

Like William Shakespeare’s “Hamlet, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s “Faust” is a philosophical drama. What is the primary issue that the “Faust” play explores?

	a. The limits of human power over the universe
	b. The consequences of manipulating the laws of nature
	c. Religion and its questions of salvation and damnation
	d. Politics and the right ordering of a city
	e. The proper education for knowing how to live the good life

.

One of the most memorable aspects of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s “Faust” is the wager between Faust and Mephistopheles. What, exactly, must occur for Mephistopheles to win the bet, and with it, Faust’s soul?

	a. Mephistopheles must give Faust complete satisfaction.
	b. Mephistopheles must give Faust omniscience.
	c. Mephistopheles must give Gretchen to Faust.
	d. Mephistopheles must give Faust control over the Earth Spirit.
	e. Mephistopheles must give Faust power over death.

.

The conclusion of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s “Faust” has been called confusing. What exactly happens at its end?

	a. Gretchen is damned, and Faust goes to Heaven.
	b. Gretchen goes to Heaven, and Faust is damned.
	c. Both Gretchen and Faust are damned.
	d. Both Gretchen and Faust go to Heaven.
	e. Neither Gretchen nor Faust go to Heaven or to Hell.

.

The European philosopher who influenced the “Sturm und Drang” movement more than any other was:

	a. René Descartes.
	b. Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
	c. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.
	d. George Berkely.
	e. Francis Bacon.

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The “Prelude in the Theater” of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s “Faust” presents a conversation between an audience member, a theater owner, and a playwright. The audience member wants to be entertained, and the theater owner wants money. What does the playwright want?

	a. Entertainment
	b. Money
	c. Beauty
	d. Fame
	e. Awards

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What quality of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s novel The Sorrows of Young Werther makes it an exemplar for the “Sturm und Drang” movement?

	a. It is a pathetic drama.
	b. It is a lamentation.
	c. Its main theme is heroism.
	d. Its main theme is redemption.
	e. It is full of sentimentalism.

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Why do the characters in “Sturm und Drang” dramas undergo such emotional extremes?

	a. These dramas explored the then-new science of psychiatry.
	b. The characters reflected the political turbulence of the times.
	c. The characters in these dramas reflected the new emphasis of emotion over reason.
	d. Through their portrayal of these characters as emotionally unstable, the playwrights affirmed the necessity of rationalism.
	e. Audiences had grown tired of predictable plays.

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Why is Emila’s father not enamored with the idea of his daughter marrying a prince?

	a. He thinks that the prince will trick her and not marry her.
	b. He is not ready for the demands of the royal court.
	c. He thinks that royalty is all show and no substance.
	d. He has already found happiness and does not want to become a duke.
	e. He knows that the prince has already seduced many women.

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“Sturm und Drang” in English means:

	a. “stern and pressure.”
	b. “storm and drain.”
	c. “sensible and foolish.”
	d. “storm and stress.”
	e. “seize and conquer.”

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“Sturm und Drang” is a German phrase that refers to a type of drama that was predominantly:

	a. German.
	b. European.
	c. French.
	d. British.
	e. Swiss.

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According to Everett Ward Olmsted, Pierre de Marivaux’s masterpiece was:

	a. the French version of “Hamlet.”
	b. “Cendrillon” (“Cinderella”).
	c. “Le Jeu de l'Amour et du Hasard” (“The Game of Love and Chance”).
	d. “Plato.”
	e. “L’École des Meres” (“The School for Mothers”).

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If you don't know the answer, go back and read the text.

As a 17-year-old, Pierre de Marivaux had an experience that changed his life. What was it?

	a. When returning a glove to a girl he thought he loved, he understood that she had been manipulating him.
	b. He was injured in war.
	c. He had a major theatrical success and decided to become a playwright.
	d. His parents died in a fire.
	e. He married and had a child, thereby necessitating a successful theatrical career.

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French Harlequin comedy first appeared in what country?

	a. France
	b. England
	c. Italy
	d. Spain
	e. Switzerland

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French playwrights sought:

	a. to compare the past with present.
	b. to recreate the Italian and English Renaissances.
	c. to create a new national drama with new heroes.
	d. recognition that they were better than English playwrights.
	e. to present the future through their plays.

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In a typical Pierre de Marivaux play, servants were:

	a. represented by cardboard paintings.
	b. as fully developed as a play’s main characters.
	c. flat characters who did not develop.
	d. not given speaking roles.
	e. portrayed no differently from any other play of the 18th century.

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In Voltaire’s “Socrates,” Socrates defends himself with the following speech. What is the essential point of the speech?

SOCRATES: “Always beware of turning religion into metaphysics: Morality is its essence. Adore and stop disputing. If our ancestors had said that the Supreme God had descended into the arms of Alcmene, of Danae, of Semele, and that he had children with them, our ancestors were imagining dangerous fables. It’s insulting to the Divinity to pretend that he had committed with a woman in whatever manner it might be what we would call amongst men an adultery. That’s discouraging to the rest of men to say that to be a great man, one must be born from the mysterious coupling with one of your wives or daughters. Miltiades, Cimon, Themistocles, Arisitides, that you persecuted were perhaps worth more than Perseus, Herakles and Bacchus. There being no other way to be the children of this God than by trying to please him, and by being just. Deserve that title by never rendering iniquitous judgments.”

	a. We should obey the gods by acting like them.
	b. We should just love one another.
	c. Faith and reason should be kept separate so that we can think clearly.
	d. The ludicrous stories about the gods prove that they do not exist.
	e. Socrates thinks that all religions are too obsessed with sex.

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In Voltaire’s “Socrates,” what do these lines from Melitus reveal about the charges against Socrates?

MELITUS: “Silence. Listen, Socrates, you are accused of being a bad citizen; of corrupting the youth; of denying the plurality of the gods; of being a heretic, deist, atheist. Answer.”

	a. Socrates’s crimes are comprehensive.
	b. Some of these crimes are self-contradictory, revealing that Socrates is being framed.
	c. Socrates is a bad citizen because he has not been consistent.
	d. The inner consistency of these charges reveals that Socrates should be put to death.
	e. Readers know that Melitus is upset that Socrates is taking money that should go to the temple.

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In Voltaire’s “Socrates,” what does this sentence from one of the judges reveal?

A JUDGE: “I don't wish a quarrel with Anitus; he’s a man much to be feared. If it were only a question of the gods it would still be overlooked.”

	a. Anitus, being an important businessman in Athens, is able to purchase justice.
	b. Anitus, being a priest, can make life difficult for the judges who feel pressured to side with him.
	c. Socrates’s crimes are essentially harmless.
	d. Law and religion work together to establish and enforce justice.
	e. The gods are capable of establishing justice for themselves, and they need no human intervention.

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In Voltaire’s “Socrates,” what group of people is most against the title character?

	a. Priests
	b. Judges
	c. Youth
	d. Philosophers
	e. Women

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The primary difference between Pierre de Marivaux and Voltaire is that:

	a. Marivaux is a satirist and Voltaire is a comedian.
	b. Marivaux is a philosopher and Voltaire is a tragedian.
	c. Marivaux is a tragedian and Voltaire is a Shakespearean.
	d. Marivaux is a comedian and Voltaire is a satirist.
	e. Marivaux is a comedian and Voltaire is an essayist.

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Voltaire was primarily a:

	a. poet.
	b. playwright.
	c. politician.
	d. novelist.
	e. philosopher.

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Voltaire was the most accomplished French playwright of his generation. His plays reflected what theme?

	a. A desire to return to classicism
	b. Skepticism in all forms
	c. The preference of Rationalism over Romanticism
	d. A preoccupation with questions of fate and destiny
	e. The need for political revolution in order to bring about substantial change

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Voltaire’s “Socrates” is set in ancient Greece, but its message is for 18th-century Europe. That message is:

	a. a critique of judges.
	b. a critique of lawyers.
	c. a critique of philosophy.
	d. a critique of organized religion.
	e. a critique of family life.

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What was William Shakespeare’s influence on 18th-century French drama?

	a. None whatsoever
	b. He was so influential that the creativity of French playwrights was stymied for a generation.
	c. Much like what had happened in England with the Licensing Act of 1737, plays in France at that time were heavily censored. Thus, while Shakespeare was influential, the influence was underground.
	d. French playwrights recirculated his plots.
	e. French playwrights revised his plots, giving happy endings to tragedies.

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