1
A farce is a(n):
Choose one answer.
a. intellectual comedy.
b. play with a definite moral.
c. wedding play.
d. play where jokes are more important than plot.
e. humorous tragedy.
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Question 2
After the deposition of Charles I and the end of the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell established the:
Choose one answer.
a. Protectorate.
b. Restoration.
c. Privy Council.
d. Commonwealth.
e. Monarchy.
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Question 3
All of the following were either King or Queen of England EXCEPT:
Choose one answer.
a. Queen Anne.
b. Charles I.
c. Charles II.
d. Charles III.
e. Queen Elizabeth.
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Question 4
Because of all of the adultery and humor of William Wycherly's "The Country Wife," it is easy for the reader not to see true love unfold between:
Choose one answer.
a. Mrs. Alithea and Mr. Sparkish.
b. Miss Lucy and Mr. Sparkish.
c. Mrs. Alithea and Mr. Harcourt.
d. Miss Lucy and Mr. Harcourt.
e. Mrs. Pinchwife and Mr. Horner.
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Question 5
Because of the Enlightenment, the relationship between faith and reason changed during the 18th century. Which of the following is the most accurate description of that relationship?
Choose one answer.
a. Faith was taken to be of little consequence.
b. Faith was accepted without question.
c. The claims of faith were balanced against the claims of reason.
d. Reason determined that faith was unreasonable.
e. No one really thought about it because all serious challenges to faith were subject to a panel of bishops.
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Question 6
Domestic tragedy includes all of the following EXCEPT:
Choose one answer.
a. the death of a character.
b. a fallen household.
c. a husband and wife.
d. a villain.
e. a wedding.
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Question 7
In England in the 18th century, women's rights:
Choose one answer.
a. expanded.
b. contracted.
c. were championed in plays.
d. were ridiculed in plays.
e. Both A and C
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Question 8
In William Wycherly's play "The Country Wife," Lady Fidget, Mrs. Squeamish, and Mr. Horner substitute talk about "sex" with talk about "china." What literary convention are they using?
Choose one answer.
a. Metaphor
b. Simile
c. Soliloquy
d. Double entendre
e. Synonym
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Question 9
In William Wycherly's play "The Country Wife," how does Mrs. Pinchwife almost expose Mr. Horner's plan?
Choose one answer.
a. As a country wife, she is more sophisticated in the ways of adultery than a city wife.
b. She threatens to blackmail him.
c. Because she has had an affair with him, she knows for sure that he is not impotent, and she almost tells the others.
d. She tells her maid about her affair who almost tells the others.
e. She tells her husband that he should indeed worry about her spending time with Mr. Horner.
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Question 10
In William Wycherly's play "The Country Wife," there is a scene where all of the other female characters take Mrs. Pinchwife aside to prevent her from exposing Mr. Horner. This action reveals:
Choose one answer.
a. hypocrisy in marriage and society.
b. that all marriages are subject to adultery.
c. the loveless society of 18th-century England.
d. the innocence of those who live in the country.
e. All of these answers
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Question 11
In William Wycherly's play "The Country Wife," Mr. Horner's ruse to gain entry into women's bedchambers is to pretend he's:
Choose one answer.
a. a repairman.
b. sick.
c. a lawyer.
d. a doctor.
e. a eunuch.
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Question 12
Jonathan Swift once wrote that satire is:
Choose one answer.
a. like a mirror where people see themselves objectively.
b. like a mirror where people see everyone but themselves.
c. like a two-way mirror where people can see the inner workings of society.
d. not like a mirror at all, but rather like a brick that is used to break mirrors so that people don't have to look at themselves.
e. like a window where people can look in on society.
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Question 13
Prior to the Restoration, the theatres had been closed because:
Choose one answer.
a. the theatre owners lost too much money due to the cost of elaborate sets and costumes.
b. the public found other entertainment.
c. there had been a lengthy strike from the costumer's guild.
d. plays were thought to encourage immorality.
e. Both A and C
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Question 14
Sir Walter Raleigh wrote "The History of the World" while imprisoned. Under the guise of a history, Raleigh's work is actually a:
Choose one answer.
a. history of England, not of the world.
b. biblical reading of secular history.
c. means for Raleigh to criticize the king and the court from jail.
d. history of explorers like himself.
e. history of the world, nothing more, nothing less.
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Question 15
The character type of the "rake" appears first in the 18th century. What stock character most closely resembles him?
Choose one answer.
a. Uneducated farmhand
b. Rich landowner or businessman
c. Suave seducer
d. Naïve husband
e. Overweight father
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Question 16
The difference between a satire and a comedy is that:
Choose one answer.
a. satire is just for laughs.
b. satire teaches a clear moral lesson.
c. satire depends upon pratfalls and mistaken identities.
d. satires end with a death, while comedies end with a marriage.
e. both are cynical, abrasive, and mean-spirited - there is not a difference between them.
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Question 17
The emphasis upon promiscuity in Restoration plays:
Choose one answer.
a. reflected the promiscuity of Charles II.
b. confirmed the Puritans' criticisms about the vices found in the theaters.
c. shifted to the public sphere what had always been limited to the private sphere.
d. None of these answers
e. All of these answers
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Question 18
The Glorious Revolution was:
Choose one answer.
a. the nonviolent victory of the commoners over the crown.
b. named as such because it gave so much glory to King Charles II.
c. the first organized labor strike in history.
d. a victory that ensured that Parliament would have more power than the king.
e. the final defeat of France.
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Question 19
The main religious conflict in England prior to the Glorious Revolution in 1688 was between what two groups?
Choose one answer.
a. Atheists and Anglicans
b. Presbyterians and Catholics
c. Anglicans and Presbyterians
d. Atheists and Catholics
e. Anglicans and Catholics
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Question 20
The Scientific Revolution established substantial progress in existing knowledge, so much in fact, that England in the 17th century saw itself as the most advanced civilization since Ancient Rome. Satirists agreed, but they saw one discipline as never progressing or changing. Which one?
Choose one answer.
a. Morality
b. Biology
c. Physics
d. Chemistry
e. Anatomy and Physiology
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Question 21
The term "Restoration" refers to what event that followed the English Civil War?
Choose one answer.
a. The restoration of lands to the Catholic Church
b. The restoration of the king and the British monarchy
c. The restoration of the titles to the nobility that Charles I had taken away
d. The restoration of peace throughout Great Britain
e. The restoration of voting rights to the House of Commons
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Question 22
What is the main criticism of marriage in Restoration drama?
Choose one answer.
a. Married life is boring.
b. Marriages often mismatch older men with younger women.
c. Marriages are not based upon love or mutual respect but upon financial gain.
d. Society encourages husbands to drink and gamble.
e. Society encourages wives to have affairs.
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Question 23
What was the main cause of the English Civil War?
Choose one answer.
a. Religious conflict between Anglicans and Scottish Presbyterians
b. Political conflict between the commoners and the nobility
c. Charles I's defiance of Parliament
d. Just like America almost 200 years later, slavery
e. Charles I's attempt to establish a state religion
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Question 24
When Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote "Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains," he associated "chains" with all of the following EXCEPT:
Choose one answer.
a. religion.
b. enlightenment.
c. society.
d. history.
e. tradition.
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Question 25
Which of the following was an integral part of Restoration musical theater?
Choose one answer.
a. Castratos
b. Wedding marches
c. Woodwinds
d. Megaphones
e. Italian operas
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Question 26
Who was the famous diarist who captured the best surviving description of the Great Fire of 1666?
Choose one answer.
a. Oliver Cromwell
b. William Wycherly
c. Samuel Pepys
d. Jonathan Swift
e. Nicholas Rowe
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Question 27
All of the following are reasons why "The Rover" is an important play EXCEPT that it:
Choose one answer.
a. was written by a woman during a time when all of the playwrights were men.
b. presents women as capable of being rakes, just like men.
c. shows the hypocrisy of the conventions of 18th-century marriages.
d. presents female characters who have more wit and money than their male counterparts.
e. was the first play in the history of English theatre to feature women who disguised themselves as men.
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Question 28
All of the following are the objects of satire in John Gay's "The Beggar's Opera" EXCEPT:
Choose one answer.
a. Italian opera.
b. arias that were not understood by British audiences.
c. high society.
d. elaborate costumes and sets.
e. censorship of the theatre.
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Question 29
Aphra Behn wrote to address stereotypes for women. What was the most common dichotomy that fed these stereotypes?
Choose one answer.
a. The servant and the spouse
b. The matron and the maven
c. The supporter and the scolder
d. The virgin and the whore
e. The courtesan and the princess
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Question 30
Characters' names in Restoration drama were typically:
Choose one answer.
a. signifiers of the personality of the characters.
b. regular names found in any registry.
c. farcical and served to detract from the plot of a play.
d. recycled from Shakespeare plays.
e. taken from the headlines of the day.
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Question 31
Each theater company had a group of actors that was a mixture of:
Choose one answer.
a. men and women.
b. noble and common citizens.
c. rich and poor citizens.
d. old and young actors.
e. playwrights and actors.
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Question 32
Hellena, a character in Aphra Behn's "The Rover" leaves the convent, marries the rake Willmore, and inherits 300,000 crowns. What point is Behn making by creating a character like her?
Choose one answer.
a. Behn wanted to show that women who leave the protection of the church are not wise enough to choose a proper spouse.
b. Behn wanted to portray a female character in complete control of her life and destiny.
c. Behn wanted to point out that money cannot replace wisdom.
d. Behn wanted to affirm the theatrical convention of allowing the rake to win out.
e. Behn wanted to criticize the theatrical convention of rewarding virtue and punishing vice.
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Question 33
Henry Fielding's "The Author's Farce" satirizes all of the following EXCEPT:
Choose one answer.
a. the theater's emphasis of quantity over quality.
b. the publishing industry.
c. how theatrical success depends more upon who you know rather than individual talent.
d. that audiences will attend any play, regardless of its merits.
e. the rising number of plays featuring burlesque interludes.
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Question 34
How often were the lower classes the stars of a Restoration drama?
Choose one answer.
a. Quite often (the majority of plays)
b. Rarely (less than five)
c. Never
d. About the same as any other social class
e. We have no way of knowing.
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Question 35
In Oliver Goldsmith's play "She Stoops to Conquer," why does Miss Kate Hardcastle disguise herself as a lowly maid?
Choose one answer.
a. She wants to see the true thoughts and feelings of Charles Marlowe.
b. She is embarrassed by her upper class riches.
c. Charles Marlowe is comfortable only among the lower classes.
d. It is not a disguise; she actually is a maid.
e. She thinks that the lower classes have an admirable naiveté about life.
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Question 36
In Richard Sheridan's "The School for Scandal," we learn that Lady Teazle married Sir Peter Teazle only for his money. By the end of the play:
Choose one answer.
a. she comes to love Sir Peter himself more than this money.
b. she replaces Lady Sneerwell as the President for the School for Scandal.
c. she rejoices when Sir Peter dies and she inherits his estate.
d. she spends all of Sir Teazle's money, and he goes bankrupt.
e. nothing changes. She still loves Sir Teazle only for his money.
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Question 37
In Richard Sheridan's "The School for Scandal," Lady Sneerwell and Snake:
Choose one answer.
a. lend money at exorbitant interest so that they can ruin the reputation of others.
b. are not interested in having Lady Teazle join them because they want to gossip about her.
c. run a network of gossipers.
d. emerge victorious in what has been seen as a prediction of the 21st-century's treatment of celebrity culture.
e. seek forgiveness and are reintegrated back into society.
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Question 38
In William Congreve's "The Way of the World," why is Mrs. Millamant against marriage?
Choose one answer.
a. In the 18th-century weddings were arranged marriages, and she wants to choose her own spouse.
b. After marriage, wives are little more than the property of their husbands.
c. Men choose women based upon the size of their dowry and not upon love.
d. She knows she will lose her freedom.
e. She thinks it is old fashioned.
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Question 39
John Dennis, a critic, did not like Richard Steele's "The Conscious Lovers." All of the following are reasons why Dennis did not like the play EXCEPT that:
Choose one answer.
a. Bevil Junior is too servile to his father.
b. the play was not funny.
c. there was not enough satire in it.
d. the sets were too lavish.
e. it was a tragedy that called itself a comedy.
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Question 40
John Dryden was successful in all of these roles EXCEPT as a:
Choose one answer.
a. satirist.
b. religious poet.
c. translator.
d. critic.
e. diarist.
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Question 41
Restoration drama often presents the upper classes as vapid and vain. What is the purpose of doing so?
Choose one answer.
a. Only the upper classes can be satirized.
b. Readers learn that true wisdom comes only from the lower classes.
c. There is no higher purpose other than that of humorous entertainment.
d. Actually, all of society was satirized, not just the upper classes.
e. Vanity was essential to preserving one's station in life.
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Question 42
Richard Steele's "The Conscious Lovers" changes the formula of Restoration drama in all of the following ways EXCEPT that:
Choose one answer.
a. rakes are punished.
b. sexual innuendo is removed.
c. women do not dress up as men.
d. costumes and sets are very minimal.
e. good morals are reinforced.
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Question 43
Sentimental comedy reacted against:
Choose one answer.
a. plots based upon mistaken identities.
b. the obsession with the past, especially that of ancient Rome.
c. the new trend of didactic moralizing.
d. the emphasis upon tragedies.
e. the immorality of previous comedies.
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Question 44
The emphasis upon the social classes in Restoration drama shows:
Choose one answer.
a. that a stable social order depends upon fixed roles.
b. the economic injustices of the times more clearly to audiences.
c. how easy it is to move from one social class to another.
d. that virtue and vice exist in all levels of society.
e. that most comedies depend upon poverty for their humor.
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Question 45
The events in "All for Love" took place in ancient Rome, but one can easily identify the parallels between Antony and Charles II. Ventidius's counsel to Antony could just as well be given to Charles II. What did Ventidius suggest to Antony?
Choose one answer.
a. To learn how to rule himself
b. To learn how to rule others
c. To drop his attraction for beautiful women and to invade Egypt (i.e., France)
d. To join forces with him against Rome
e. To concern himself with the coming Persian (i.e., French) invasion to the east
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Question 46
The fundamental difference between the rake characters of male authors like William Wycherly and William Congreve and the rake characters of Aphra Behn is that:
Choose one answer.
a. Behn's rakes are punished more severely.
b. Behn's rakes are more successful at seduction.
c. Behn's rakes are seduced themselves rather than the seducers.
d. Behn's rakes care nothing for seduction but are really after money.
e. Behn's rakes are rude, obnoxious, and not attractive to the female characters.
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Question 47
The Licensing Act of 1737 had what effect on the theatre?
Choose one answer.
a. Audiences attended more plays knowing that the works had been properly vetted.
b. Audiences distrusted the plays that the censors approved.
c. Innovation was stymied and older theatrical forms were revived.
d. Actors turned to publishing as a means to supplement their revenue.
e. There was a marked increase in the number of Italian operas staged.
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Question 48
The plot of Nicholas Rowe's "Jane Shore: A Tragedy" was:
Choose one answer.
a. based on actual events.
b. completely fictional.
c. set in the 16th century but had nothing to do with the actual Jane Shore.
d. an updated version of the Jane Shore story that reflected the promiscuity of Charles II.
e. changed to remove all of the references to religion.
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Question 49
What is pathetic drama?
Choose one answer.
a. A play about a character who is unsuccessful in all that he or she attempts
b. A play that focuses upon domestic rather than heroic subjects
c. A play that is focused on selfish characters, in contrast to sympathetic drama
d. A play about kings and queens
e. A play about servants
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Question 50
What is the distinguishing characteristic of pathetic drama?
Choose one answer.
a. It features characters who are down on their luck and are, therefore, "pathetic."
b. It features characters who are too weak to change their fate.
c. It is a type of drama that is highly emotional, designed to bring the audience to tears.
d. It features strong characters who look down on everyone as "pathetic," when, in fact, they themselves are the most pathetic of characters.
e. It is a label critics used to criticize a bad play.
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Question 51
What is the distinguishing characteristic of political satire?
Choose one answer.
a. Its object is a real person.
b. It exaggerates aspects of society in order to address its wrongs.
c. Its object is a type of person who needs to change.
d. It attacks human institutions, such as universities, hospitals, and religion.
e. It puts all of the leaders of the world on the stage and mocks them.
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Question 52
What was the name of one of the two theatre companies during the Restoration?
Choose one answer.
a. The Queen's Company
b. The Duke's Company
c. The Player-Kings
d. The Courtesan Players
e. The Royal Shakespeare Company
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Question 53
When it comes to the subject of marriage in William Congreve's "The Way of the World," what do the main characters Mirabell and Millamant value most above anything else?
Choose one answer.
a. Love
b. Freedom
c. Security
d. Money
e. Social Standing
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Question 54
When Miss Millamant delivers the following speech in William Congreve's "The Way of the World," what is the overall tone of her words?

"Trifles; as liberty to pay and receive visits to and from whom I please; to write and receive letters, without interrogatories or wry faces on your part; to wear what I please, and choose conversation with regard only to my own taste; to have no obligation upon me to converse with wits that I don't like, because they are your acquaintance, or to be intimate with fools, because they may be your relations. Come to dinner when I please, dine in my dressing-room when I'm out of humour, without giving a reason. To have my closet inviolate; to be sole empress of my tea-table, which you must never presume to approach without first asking leave. And lastly, wherever I am, you shall always knock at the door before you come in. These articles subscribed, if I continue to endure you a little longer, I may by degrees dwindle into a wife."
Choose one answer.
a. Cynical
b. Resigned
c. Realistic
d. Hopeless
e. Excited
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Question 55
Why did playwrights such as John Dryden and Nicholas Rowe write about subjects from the distant past?
Choose one answer.
a. Because the Puritans were on the lookout for any reason to shut down the theaters again, artists looked to the past because it was "safe."
b. Plays served as a means to educate the upper classes, and so similar people from the past were used as characters.
c. Dryden and Rowe used the past to veil references to contemporary politics.
d. History was more entertaining than the present.
e. Audiences associated the theater with old-fashioned times, and so the plots reflected this expectation.
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Question 56
William Congreve's "The Way of World" opens with a game of cards. How does this game offer an indirect comment on the play?
Choose one answer.
a. Love is a game of risky bets.
b. Love is a game of chance.
c. Love is a game that requires strategy.
d. Love is a game that requires omniscience.
e. Love is a game that punishes the naïve.
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Question 57
A typical plot of "Sturm und Drang" drama involves:
Choose one answer.
a. a young man's unrequited love.
b. a woman's suicide.
c. a wedding.
d. the triumph of the rational characters over the emotional characters.
e. a lesson in self-control.
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Question 58
According to James Kalb's review of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's "Emilia Galotti," the actions of characters are:
Choose one answer.
a. predictable.
b. not predictable, but they are logical.
c. rational and driven by context.
d. empty and vapid.
e. chaotic and impulsive.
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Question 59
As a "Sturm und Drang" play, what feature is most prominent in "The Death of Wallenstein"?
Choose one answer.
a. The emphasis upon emotion as the basis for all decisions
b. The emphasis upon reason as the basis for all decisions
c. The emphasis upon justice as the basis for all decisions
d. The emphasis upon expediency as the basis for all decisions
e. The emphasis upon chance as the basis for all decisions
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Question 60
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's primary influence on German theatre was:
Choose one answer.
a. as a critic.
b. as a philosopher.
c. as a playwright.
d. through his theory of aesthetics.
e. as an essayist.
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Question 61
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's "Emilia Galotti" presents the audience with a man in love. How does the character of the prince reflect the ideas behind "Sturm und Drang"?
Choose one answer.
a. He cleans out the corruption of the court.
b. He is sensible, whereas the other characters in the play are foolish.
c. He reverses traditional morality and advocates murder so that he can marry Emilia.
d. He is subject to extreme emotions when he thinks about Emilia.
e. He proves that absolute power corrupts absolutely.
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Question 62
How does Butler kill Wallenstein?
Choose one answer.
a. He poisons him.
b. He uses a sword.
c. He throws him down from a castle wall.
d. He hires a mercenary.
e. He burns down the palace.
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Question 63
How does Odoardo Galotti, Emilia's father, prevent her marriage to the prince?
Choose one answer.
a. He petitions the king to put a stop to the proceedings.
b. He hires a lawyer who prevents the wedding.
c. He knows about the prince's many affairs and threatens to blackmail him.
d. He stabs and kills his daughter.
e. He kidnaps his daughter and takes her back home.
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Question 64
In a play about Wallenstein's betrayal of the emperor, what is ironic about Butler's murder of both Count Terzky and Field-Marshal Illo?
Choose one answer.
a. Butler acts from a higher moral ground than Wallenstein.
b. Wallenstein only betrayed the emperor, he did not murder him.
c. Butler is no different than Wallenstein.
d. Just as Wallenstein's men begged him to reconsider, Gordon begs Butler to reconsider.
e. Butler murders them at the same time the emperor kills Wallenstein.
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Question 65
In Friedrich von Schiller's "The Death of Wallenstein," the character Octavio Piccolomini manages to convince:
Choose one answer.
a. Wallenstein to surrender.
b. Wallenstein to change his battle plans.
c. Wallenstein's men to become traitors.
d. the emperor that Wallenstein is harmless.
e. the emperor to surrender.
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Question 66
In Friedrich von Schiller's "The Death of Wallenstein," Wallenstein is certain that his project is the fulfillment of:
Choose one answer.
a. chance.
b. destiny.
c. strategy.
d. wisdom.
e. historical determinism.
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Question 67
In Friedrich von Schiller's "The Death of Wallenstein," what advice do Wallenstein and his daughter Thekla give to Max. Piccolomini?
Choose one answer.
a. Max. must chose between Wallenstein and the Emperor.
b. Max. should elope with Wallenstein 's daughter.
c. Max. should rejoin the emperor against Wallenstein.
d. Max. should commit treason against the emperor and join Wallenstein if he is to marry Thekla.
e. Max. should follow his heart.
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Question 68
In Friedrich von Schiller's "The Death of Wallenstein," when Butler says the following to Gordon, what does he mean? "Nay! let it not afflict you, that your power Is circumscribed. Much liberty, much error! The narrow path of duty is securest."
Choose one answer.
a. Gordon should strive to obtain more power.
b. Gordon should strive to be more limited.
c. Gordon is free to escape his limitations.
d. Gordon should find comfort in his limitations.
e. Gordon's freedom and his limitations are about the same.
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Question 69
In Friedrich von Schiller's "The Death of Wallenstein," what does Thekla choose to do about her unapproved love of Max. Piccolomini?
Choose one answer.
a. She follows after Max.
b. She chooses to obey her father and abandons Max.
c. She disobeys her father and elopes with Max.
d. She is so torn between all of her options that she does not make a choice.
e. She kills herself out of despair.
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Question 70
In Friedrich von Schiller's "The Death of Wallenstein," why does Butler choose to kill Wallenstein?
Choose one answer.
a. Loyalty to the emperor
b. Revenge
c. Octavio Piccolomini told him to do so.
d. He's upset about Max. and Thekla marrying and taking his dukedom.
e. It's not a choice so much as it is self-defense.
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Question 71
In Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's "Emilia Galotti," the prince's chamberlain Marinelli sets in motion the events that will culminate in the death of Count Appiani. What is revealed about Marinelli's loyalty?
Choose one answer.
a. He is a loyal attendant to the prince.
b. He insinuates to Emilia's father that the prince is responsible for Marinelli's death.
c. He takes full responsibility for ordering the death of Count Appiani.
d. He blackmails the prince for half of his fortune.
e. In order to sabotage the prince's marriage plans, he tells Emilia that the prince ordered the death of her fiancé, Count Appiani.
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Question 72
In Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's "Faust," what scientific discipline does Faust devote himself to?
Choose one answer.
a. Biology
b. Alchemy
c. Physics
d. Anatomy
e. Chemistry
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Question 73
In Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's "Faust," what is the one thing that leaves Mephistopheles powerless?
Choose one answer.
a. The Earth Spirit
b. Being ignored
c. Prayer
d. Righteousness
e. Boredom
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Question 74
In the play "Emilia Galotti," the prince Hettore Gonzaga is almost as affected by an artistic rendering of Emilia as he is of her in person. What art form moves Hettore's emotions?
Choose one answer.
a. A painting
b. A sculpture
c. A description
d. A poem
e. A song
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Question 75
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe said that the main theme of Friedrich von Schiller's writing was:
Choose one answer.
a. freedom.
b. "Sturm und Drang."
c. tragedy.
d. politics.
e. domesticity.
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Question 76
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's "Faust" is the greatest expression of what literary movement?
Choose one answer.
a. Nationalism
b. Expressionism
c. Rationalism
d. Romanticism
e. "Sturm und Drang"
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Question 77
Like William Shakespeare's "Hamlet, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's "Faust" is a philosophical drama. What is the primary issue that the "Faust" play explores?
Choose one answer.
a. The limits of human power over the universe
b. The consequences of manipulating the laws of nature
c. Religion and its questions of salvation and damnation
d. Politics and the right ordering of a city
e. The proper education for knowing how to live the good life
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Question 78
One of the most memorable aspects of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's "Faust" is the wager between Faust and Mephistopheles. What, exactly, must occur for Mephistopheles to win the bet, and with it, Faust's soul?
Choose one answer.
a. Mephistopheles must give Faust complete satisfaction.
b. Mephistopheles must give Faust omniscience.
c. Mephistopheles must give Gretchen to Faust.
d. Mephistopheles must give Faust control over the Earth Spirit.
e. Mephistopheles must give Faust power over death.
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Question 79
The conclusion of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's "Faust" has been called confusing. What exactly happens at its end?
Choose one answer.
a. Gretchen is damned, and Faust goes to Heaven.
b. Gretchen goes to Heaven, and Faust is damned.
c. Both Gretchen and Faust are damned.
d. Both Gretchen and Faust go to Heaven.
e. Neither Gretchen nor Faust go to Heaven or to Hell.
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Question 80
The European philosopher who influenced the "Sturm und Drang" movement more than any other was:
Choose one answer.
a. René Descartes.
b. Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
c. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.
d. George Berkely.
e. Francis Bacon.
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Question 81
The "Prelude in the Theater" of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's "Faust" presents a conversation between an audience member, a theater owner, and a playwright. The audience member wants to be entertained, and the theater owner wants money. What does the playwright want?
Choose one answer.
a. Entertainment
b. Money
c. Beauty
d. Fame
e. Awards
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Question 82
What quality of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's novel The Sorrows of Young Werther makes it an exemplar for the "Sturm und Drang" movement?
Choose one answer.
a. It is a pathetic drama.
b. It is a lamentation.
c. Its main theme is heroism.
d. Its main theme is redemption.
e. It is full of sentimentalism.
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Question 83
Why do the characters in "Sturm und Drang" dramas undergo such emotional extremes?
Choose one answer.
a. These dramas explored the then-new science of psychiatry.
b. The characters reflected the political turbulence of the times.
c. The characters in these dramas reflected the new emphasis of emotion over reason.
d. Through their portrayal of these characters as emotionally unstable, the playwrights affirmed the necessity of rationalism.
e. Audiences had grown tired of predictable plays.
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Question 84
Why is Emila's father not enamored with the idea of his daughter marrying a prince?
Choose one answer.
a. He thinks that the prince will trick her and not marry her.
b. He is not ready for the demands of the royal court.
c. He thinks that royalty is all show and no substance.
d. He has already found happiness and does not want to become a duke.
e. He knows that the prince has already seduced many women.
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Question 85
"Sturm und Drang" in English means:
Choose one answer.
a. "stern and pressure."
b. "storm and drain."
c. "sensible and foolish."
d. "storm and stress."
e. "seize and conquer."
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Question 86
"Sturm und Drang" is a German phrase that refers to a type of drama that was predominantly:
Choose one answer.
a. German.
b. European.
c. French.
d. British.
e. Swiss.
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Question 87
According to Everett Ward Olmsted, Pierre de Marivaux's masterpiece was:
Choose one answer.
a. the French version of "Hamlet."
b. "Cendrillon" ("Cinderella").
c. "Le Jeu de l'Amour et du Hasard" ("The Game of Love and Chance").
d. "Plato."
e. "L'École des Meres" ("The School for Mothers").
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Question 88
As a 17-year-old, Pierre de Marivaux had an experience that changed his life. What was it?
Choose one answer.
a. When returning a glove to a girl he thought he loved, he understood that she had been manipulating him.
b. He was injured in war.
c. He had a major theatrical success and decided to become a playwright.
d. His parents died in a fire.
e. He married and had a child, thereby necessitating a successful theatrical career.
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Question 89
French Harlequin comedy first appeared in what country?
Choose one answer.
a. France
b. England
c. Italy
d. Spain
e. Switzerland
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Question 90
French playwrights sought:
Choose one answer.
a. to compare the past with present.
b. to recreate the Italian and English Renaissances.
c. to create a new national drama with new heroes.
d. recognition that they were better than English playwrights.
e. to present the future through their plays.
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Question 91
In a typical Pierre de Marivaux play, servants were:
Choose one answer.
a. represented by cardboard paintings.
b. as fully developed as a play's main characters.
c. flat characters who did not develop.
d. not given speaking roles.
e. portrayed no differently from any other play of the 18th century.
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Question 92
In Voltaire's "Socrates," Socrates defends himself with the following speech. What is the essential point of the speech?

SOCRATES: "Always beware of turning religion into metaphysics: Morality is its essence. Adore and stop disputing. If our ancestors had said that the Supreme God had descended into the arms of Alcmene, of Danae, of Semele, and that he had children with them, our ancestors were imagining dangerous fables. It's insulting to the Divinity to pretend that he had committed with a woman in whatever manner it might be what we would call amongst men an adultery. That's discouraging to the rest of men to say that to be a great man, one must be born from the mysterious coupling with one of your wives or daughters. Miltiades, Cimon, Themistocles, Arisitides, that you persecuted were perhaps worth more than Perseus, Herakles and Bacchus. There being no other way to be the children of this God than by trying to please him, and by being just. Deserve that title by never rendering iniquitous judgments."
Choose one answer.
a. We should obey the gods by acting like them.
b. We should just love one another.
c. Faith and reason should be kept separate so that we can think clearly.
d. The ludicrous stories about the gods prove that they do not exist.
e. Socrates thinks that all religions are too obsessed with sex.
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Question 93
In Voltaire's "Socrates," what do these lines from Melitus reveal about the charges against Socrates?

MELITUS: "Silence. Listen, Socrates, you are accused of being a bad citizen; of corrupting the youth; of denying the plurality of the gods; of being a heretic, deist, atheist. Answer."
Choose one answer.
a. Socrates's crimes are comprehensive.
b. Some of these crimes are self-contradictory, revealing that Socrates is being framed.
c. Socrates is a bad citizen because he has not been consistent.
d. The inner consistency of these charges reveals that Socrates should be put to death.
e. Readers know that Melitus is upset that Socrates is taking money that should go to the temple.
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Question 94
In Voltaire's "Socrates," what does this sentence from one of the judges reveal?

A JUDGE: "I don't wish a quarrel with Anitus; he's a man much to be feared. If it were only a question of the gods it would still be overlooked."
Choose one answer.
a. Anitus, being an important businessman in Athens, is able to purchase justice.
b. Anitus, being a priest, can make life difficult for the judges who feel pressured to side with him.
c. Socrates's crimes are essentially harmless.
d. Law and religion work together to establish and enforce justice.
e. The gods are capable of establishing justice for themselves, and they need no human intervention.
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Question 95
In Voltaire's "Socrates," what group of people is most against the title character?
Choose one answer.
a. Priests
b. Judges
c. Youth
d. Philosophers
e. Women
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Question 96
The primary difference between Pierre de Marivaux and Voltaire is that:
Choose one answer.
a. Marivaux is a satirist and Voltaire is a comedian.
b. Marivaux is a philosopher and Voltaire is a tragedian.
c. Marivaux is a tragedian and Voltaire is a Shakespearean.
d. Marivaux is a comedian and Voltaire is a satirist.
e. Marivaux is a comedian and Voltaire is an essayist.
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Question 97
Voltaire was primarily a:
Choose one answer.
a. poet.
b. playwright.
c. politician.
d. novelist.
e. philosopher.
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Question 98
Voltaire was the most accomplished French playwright of his generation. His plays reflected what theme?
Choose one answer.
a. A desire to return to classicism
b. Skepticism in all forms
c. The preference of Rationalism over Romanticism
d. A preoccupation with questions of fate and destiny
e. The need for political revolution in order to bring about substantial change
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Question 99
Voltaire's "Socrates" is set in ancient Greece, but its message is for 18th-century Europe. That message is:
Choose one answer.
a. a critique of judges.
b. a critique of lawyers.
c. a critique of philosophy.
d. a critique of organized religion.
e. a critique of family life.
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Question 100
What was William Shakespeare's influence on 18th-century French drama?
Choose one answer.
a. None whatsoever
b. He was so influential that the creativity of French playwrights was stymied for a generation.
c. Much like what had happened in England with the Licensing Act of 1737, plays in France at that time were heavily censored. Thus, while Shakespeare was influential, the influence was underground.
d. French playwrights recirculated his plots.
e. French playwrights revised his plots, giving happy endings to tragedies.
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