a. egalitarian | ||
b. just | ||
c. equitable | ||
d. hierarchical |
a. subsistence agriculture | ||
b. intensive agro-industry farming | ||
c. industrial manufacturing | ||
d. industrial laboring |
a. International imports | ||
b. International exports | ||
c. International credit | ||
d. International trade |
a. Agricultural and textile | ||
b. Agricultural and mineral | ||
c. Mineral and textile | ||
d. Mineral and manufacturing |
a. Amerinds (American Indians) | ||
b. Afro-Latinos | ||
c. "Whites" (creoles and peninsulares) | ||
d. Women |
a. 1820 | ||
b. 1830 | ||
c. 1840 | ||
d. 1850 |
a. Venezuela, Colombia, and Panama | ||
b. Colombia, Panama, and Bolivia | ||
c. Panama, Bolivia, and Venezuela | ||
d. Ecuador, Panama, and Colombia |
a. Colombia, Bolivia, and Panama | ||
b. Panama, Bolivia, and Venezuela | ||
c. Colombia, Venezuela, and Panama | ||
d. Ecuador, Panama, and Colombia |
a. Argentina, Bolivia, and Colombia | ||
b. Argentina, Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay | ||
c. Empire of Brazil, Bolivia, and Colombia | ||
d. Uruguay, Chile, and Ecuador |
a. Paraguay | ||
b. Uruguay | ||
c. Empire of Brazil, Bolivia, and Colombia | ||
d. Argentina, Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay |
a. Cuba, Puerto Rico | ||
b. Cuba, the Dominican Republic | ||
c. Brazil, Colombia | ||
d. Brazil, Bolivia |
a. Monroe Corollary | ||
b. Madison Corollary | ||
c. Roosevelt Corollary | ||
d. Adams Corollary |
a. colonizing | ||
b. pioneering | ||
c. filibustering | ||
d. privateering |
a. 1900-1904 | ||
b. 1904-1914 | ||
c. 1914-1920 | ||
d. 1920-1925 |
a. a soldier of fortune | ||
b. a U.S. soldier | ||
c. the head of the United Fruit Company | ||
d. the president of Honduras |
a. An end to European intervention in the American continents (both north and south), in both independent countries and colonies | ||
b. An end to European intervention in the American continents (both north and south), but only in independent countries, not in the colonies | ||
c. An end to European intervention in North America only | ||
d. An end to European intervention in South America only |
a. Costa Rica | ||
b. Colombia | ||
c. Nicaragua | ||
d. Venezuela |
a. The end of the Portuguese Empire in America | ||
b. The end of the Spanish Empire in the Caribbean | ||
c. The end of the Spanish Empire in the Pacific Ocean | ||
d. The end of the Spanish Empire in America and the Pacific Ocean |
a. 1947 | ||
b. 1957 | ||
c. 1967 | ||
d. 1977 |
a. Abraham Lincoln | ||
b. James Buchanan | ||
c. Andrew Johnson | ||
d. Ulysses S. Grant |
a. Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover | ||
b. Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt | ||
c. Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman | ||
d. Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower |
a. Honduras | ||
b. Mexico | ||
c. Colombia | ||
d. Bolivia |
a. bourgeoisie | ||
b. elites | ||
c. peasants | ||
d. government |
a. egalitarian | ||
b. dictator | ||
c. democrat | ||
d. political philosopher |
a. The Constructive Phase | ||
b. The Reformative Phase | ||
c. The Definitive Phase | ||
d. The Green Phase |
a. 1910 | ||
b. 1913 | ||
c. 1917 | ||
d. 1920 |
a. Pancho Villa | ||
b. Emiliano Zapata | ||
c. Genaro Amezcua | ||
d. Manuel Palafox |
a. Yes, the U.S. was involved politically and socially, it even sent troops twice into Mexico. | ||
b. Yes, the U.S. was involved politically and socially, but it never sent troops into Mexico. | ||
c. Yes, the U.S. was involved economically, but it never sent troops into Mexico. | ||
d. No, the U.S. was not involved at all. |
a. Pancho Villa | ||
b. Emiliano Zapata | ||
c. Genaro Amezcua | ||
d. Manuel Palafox |
a. The economy grew exponentially; it was the golden age of Mexican economics. | ||
b. The economy grew, but very little. | ||
c. The economy contracted, but very little. | ||
d. The economy collapsed; it was the darkest hour of Mexican economics. |
a. The Treaty of Puerta del Refugio | ||
b. The Treaty of Buenavista | ||
c. The Plan of Alvares | ||
d. The Plan of San Luis Potosi |
a. The PAN (Partido Acción Nacional, or National Action Party) | ||
b. PRD (Partido de la Revolución Democrática, or Party of the Democratic Revolution) | ||
c. NA (Nueva Alianza, or New Alliance) | ||
d. The PRI (Partido Revolucionario Institucional, or the Institutional Revolutionary Party) |
a. The Mexican Revolution | ||
b. The Argentinean Revolution | ||
c. The Panamanian Revolution | ||
d. The Bolivian Revolution |
a. decreased | ||
b. maintained the same | ||
c. doubled | ||
d. tripled |
a. criollo elite | ||
b. peasants | ||
c. aristocracy | ||
d. Indians |
a. The abolition of slavery | ||
b. Agrarian reforms | ||
c. An intensification of slavery | ||
d. Social reforms |
a. Coffee, sugarcane, timber, and cocoa | ||
b. Precious metals, including silver, copper, and nitrates | ||
c. Timber, beef, coffee, and wool | ||
d. Beef, leather, wool, and wheat |
a. Enlightenment and Liberalism | ||
b. Enlightenment and Romanticism | ||
c. Enlightenment and Classicism | ||
d. None of the above |
a. Coffee, sugarcane, and timber | ||
b. Sugarcane, timber, and beef | ||
c. Timber, beef, coffee, and wool | ||
d. Beef, leather, wool, and wheat |
a. Coffee, sugarcane, timber, and cocoa | ||
b. Sugarcane, timber, cocoa, and beef | ||
c. Timber, beef, coffee, and wool | ||
d. Beef, leather, wool, and wheat |
a. Precious metals, including silver, copper, and nitrates | ||
b. Timber, beef, coffee, and wool | ||
c. Beef, leather, wool, and wheat | ||
d. Bananas, coffee, and copra |
a. The mining sector was recording massive profits. | ||
b. There were several decades of optimal harvests. | ||
c. The transportation and port facilities became highly developed. | ||
d. Investment capital was reaching unprecedented levels. |
a. New agrarian reforms across the continent | ||
b. New agrarian, social, political, and economic reforms across the continent | ||
c. Newly discovered precious metals | ||
d. Demand for local products due to European market expansion |
a. Haciendas | ||
b. Fazendas | ||
c. Ranchos | ||
d. Caserio |
a. a follower of liberation theology | ||
b. a predecessor of liberation theology | ||
c. the founder of liberation theology | ||
d. the leading adversary of liberation theology |
a. First Vatican Council or Vatican I | ||
b. Second Vatican Council or Vatican II | ||
c. Third Vatican Council or Vatican III | ||
d. Fourth Vatican Council or Vatican IV |
a. Asian | ||
b. African | ||
c. European | ||
d. North American |
a. 1950-1951 | ||
b. 1960-1961 | ||
c. 1970-1971 | ||
d. 1980-1981 |
a. The Young Christian Students | ||
b. The Young Christian Workers | ||
c. The Michoacán Family | ||
d. The Movement for Social Union |
a. Romanticism and Modernism | ||
b. Romanticism and Nationalism | ||
c. Modernism and Nationalism | ||
d. Modernism and Realism |
a. 1 million | ||
b. 2 million | ||
c. 3 million | ||
d. 6 million |
a. Slavery | ||
b. Unjust social conditions | ||
c. Unjust political conditions | ||
d. Unjust economic, political, and social conditions |
a. Alfonso López Trujillo, former secretary and later president of CELAM. | ||
b. Gustavo Gutiérrez, John Cardinal O'Hara Professor of Theology at University of Notre Dame. | ||
c. Roger Vekemans of CEDIAL (Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo e Integración de América Latina). | ||
d. Bonaventura Kloppenburg, former director of the Medellin Pastoral Institute. |
a. The founder of Liberation Theology | ||
b. The founder of Pastoral Institute of Lima | ||
c. The founder of the Young Christian Students group | ||
d. The founder of the Young Christian Workers group |
a. Egalitarian theology | ||
b. Equalitarian theology | ||
c. Liberation theology | ||
d. Autonomous theology |
a. Age Túpac Amaru | ||
b. Age of Andean insurrection | ||
c. Age of Peruvian insurrection | ||
d. Age of Bolivian insurrection |
a. economic | ||
b. ethnic | ||
c. egalitarian | ||
d. local |
a. 1 million | ||
b. 5 million | ||
c. 10 million | ||
d. 20 million |
a. expansion of haciendas onto indigenous communal lands. | ||
b. governmental taxes. | ||
c. labor drafts and abusive officials. | ||
d. egalitarian reforms. |
a. Stop hacienda expansion onto community lands | ||
b. Stop hacienda expansion onto church lands | ||
c. Stop agrarian reforms | ||
d. Stop social reforms |
a. The Caste War of Maya | ||
b. The Caste War of Yucatán | ||
c. The Caste War of Mexico | ||
d. The Caste War of Túpac Amaru II |
a. Neo-Inca utopia | ||
b. Neo-Mayan utopia | ||
c. Neo-Aztecan utopia | ||
d. Neo-Olmec utopia |
a. "The Open Veins of Latin America" | ||
b. "Five Hundred Years of Sacrifice Before Alien Gods" | ||
c. "History Will Absolve Me" | ||
d. "The Valech Report" |
a. In the 1890s | ||
b. In the 1900s | ||
c. In the 1910s | ||
d. In the 1920s |
a. Dolores Huerta | ||
b. Rigoberta Menchu | ||
c. Sonia Manzano | ||
d. Ellen Ochoa |
a. In 1886, Pedro Atusparia led a revolt in Peru against a poll tax on the peasantry. | ||
b. In 1899, Pedro Zarate "Willka" raised an army that demanded a restoration of traditional lands in Bolivia. | ||
c. In 1868, Ramon Emeterio Betances led a short-lived revolt in Puerto Rico. | ||
d. In 1915, Teodomiro Gutiérrez led a radical separatist revolt to restore the Inca Empire. |
a. By educating themselves in order to be intellectually equal to men | ||
b. By marrying wealthier men in order to be more economically independent | ||
c. By running their own business in order to be more economically independent | ||
d. By entering convents in order to escape arranged marriages |
a. Mariano Osorio | ||
b. Arturo Alessandri. | ||
c. Aguirre Cerda. | ||
d. Juan Antonio Ríos. |
a. a supplier of raw materials. | ||
b. the site of important air and naval bases. | ||
c. contributor of naval units. | ||
d. as a supplier of Brazilian troops to help defend the Japanese mainland. |
a. capitalist | ||
b. Marxist-Leninist | ||
c. romanticist | ||
d. modernist |
a. the Radical, Socialist, and Communist parties | ||
b. the Democratic, Liberal, and Communist parties | ||
c. the Democratic, Liberal, and Radical parties | ||
d. the Liberal, Radical, and Democratic parties |
a. The Father of the Poor | ||
b. The Father of the Elites | ||
c. The Father of the Indians | ||
d. The Father of the Creoles |
a. Universal adult suffrage | ||
b. Land reforms | ||
c. Nationalized industries | ||
d. Abolishment of all taxes |
a. Cuba, the United States, and Colombia | ||
b. Cuba, the United States, and the Dominican Republic | ||
c. Cuba, the Soviet Union, and the United States | ||
d. Cuba, the Soviet Union, and the Dominican Republic |
a. 1950-1956 | ||
b. 1951-1957 | ||
c. 1952-1958 | ||
d. 1953-1959 |
a. The President of Cuba, opposed by the United States | ||
b. The President of Cuba, supported by the United States | ||
c. A Cuban revolutionary, opposed by the United States | ||
d. A Cuban revolutionary, supported by the United States |
a. The President of Venezuela | ||
b. The President of Colombia | ||
c. The President of Mexico | ||
d. The President of Argentine |
a. 1940-1946 | ||
b. 1950-1957 | ||
c. 1966-1973 | ||
d. 1970-1977 |
a. 1975 | ||
b. 1980 | ||
c. 1985 | ||
d. 1990 |
a. supported by the United States (although criticizing it in public) | ||
b. supported by Canada (although criticizing it in public) | ||
c. supported by the Soviet Union (although criticizing it in public) | ||
d. supported by Cuba (although criticizing it in public) |
a. reforming the political-economic system | ||
b. introducing new taxes | ||
c. blocking foreign exports | ||
d. increasing foreign investment |
a. Research Commissions | ||
b. Truth Commissions | ||
c. Analysis Commissions | ||
d. Rightness Commissions |
a. "dollarizing" the economy. | ||
b. promoting foreign investment. | ||
c. reduction of import duties. | ||
d. banning the foreign investment. |
a. nationalization of banks operating within Chile. | ||
b. expropriation of many large farms. | ||
c. wage increases. | ||
d. expansion of the army. |
a. Augusto César Sandino | ||
b. Juan Bautista Sacasa | ||
c. Adolfo Díaz | ||
d. Anastasio Somoza |
a. Uruguay | ||
b. Paraguay | ||
c. Bolivia | ||
d. Chile |
a. 1970-71 | ||
b. 1980-81 | ||
c. 1984-85 | ||
d. 1994-95 |
a. Fidel and Raul Castro | ||
b. François and Jean-Claude Duvalier | ||
c. Fulgencio and Elias Batista | ||
d. Itamar and Fernado Collor |
a. Argentina and Chile | ||
b. Argentina and the United Kingdom | ||
c. Chile and Colombia | ||
d. Chile and the United Kingdom |
a. United Nations (UN) | ||
b. Organization of American States (OAS) | ||
c. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | ||
d. Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) |
a. producing and exporting marijuana. | ||
b. serving as transshipment points for cocaine and marijuana from South America. | ||
c. laundering drug money. | ||
d. forming a geographic barrier that stops drugs from entering the United States. |
a. racial democracy | ||
b. racial government | ||
c. egalitarian democracy | ||
d. egalitarian government |
a. the number of foreign investments in the region by half by 2015 | ||
b. the proportion of hungry and extremely poor people by half by 2015 | ||
c. inflation in the region by half by 2015 | ||
d. the number of foreign banks in the region by half by 2015 |
a. civilian governments were ineffective in halting the importation of illicit drugs. | ||
b. citizens demanded strong action due to the rising levels of violence in the United States. | ||
c. drugs were not taxable, and therefore a danger to the economy. | ||
d. drugs threatened democracy in Latin America, a long-term foreign policy goal of the United States. |
a. The Climate Change Agreement | ||
b. The North American Free Trade Agreement | ||
c. The Aarhus Convention Agreement | ||
d. The Biological Weapons Convention Agreement |
a. Mexico | ||
b. Panama | ||
c. Honduras | ||
d. The Andean region |
a. The Chiapas conflict | ||
b. The Villahermosa conflict | ||
c. The San Cristobal conflict | ||
d. The Veracruz conflict |
a. Deforestation of the Amazon | ||
b. Soil erosion | ||
c. Desertification of Mauritania | ||
d. High levels of air pollution |
a. Its best economic situation since the 1940s | ||
b. Economic growth | ||
c. Its worst economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s | ||
d. Economic stagnation |
a. left | ||
b. right | ||
c. center | ||
d. radical side |