Arab resistance movements, formed to combat European imperialism, appeared immediately after what war?

	a. Korean War
	b. Vietnam War
	c. World War I
	d. World War II

.

Britain and France signed what agreement in 1916 that divided the Middle East between them?

	a. Sykes-Picot
	b. The Balfour Declaration
	c. The White Paper
	d. None of the above

.

Fill in the blank. Between April 25, 1914 and January 9, 1915, the British attacked the Ottoman Empire at the ______________ peninsula.

	a. Malay
	b. Gallipoli
	c. Iberian
	d. Arabian

.

Fill in the blank. The Young Turks sided with ____________ during World War I.

	a. The allies
	b. The central powers
	c. Both the central powers and the allies
	d. None of the above

.

In 1916, French and British diplomats secretly concluded the ________________ agreement, which defined their various spheres of influence in the Middle East.

	a. Balfour Declaration
	b. White Paper
	c. Sykes-Picot Agreement
	d. Versailles Treaty

.

In 1925, who forbade the inhabitants of Turkey from wearing the fez?

	a. Theodor Herzl
	b. Kemal Ataturk
	c. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
	d. None of the above

.

On November 11, 1914, Ottoman Sultan Mehmet V declared jihad against which countries?

	a. Brazil, Sweden, and South Africa
	b. Great Britain, Israel, and the Netherlands
	c. France, Russia, and Great Britain
	d. The United States, Mexico, and Canada

.

The governments of which two countries signed the Sykes-Picot agreement?

	a. Great Britain and France
	b. Great Britain and Russia
	c. France and Russia
	d. U.S. and Russia

.

What was the most important outcome of World War I for the Middle East?

	a. The German victory over the allies
	b. The Axis victory over the central powers
	c. The British victory over the Ottoman Empire and the Ottoman Empire’s subsequent collapse
	d. None of the above

.

Which war created the modern boundaries of the Middle East?

	a. World War II
	b. Korean War
	c. Vietnam War
	d. World War I

.

Who was the leader of the Young Turks, as well as first president and founder of the Republic of Turkey?

	a. Theodor Herzl
	b. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
	c. Kemal Ataturk
	d. None of the above

.

Who won the battle of Gallipoli?

	a. The Ottomans
	b. The British
	c. Russia
	d. None of the above

.

Who was the greatest independent Islamic power in 1914?

	a. The Ottoman Empire
	b. Egypt
	c. Syria
	d. Palestine

.

According to Mike Shuster, modern Arab nationalist movements emerged from which war?

	a. The Franco-Prussian War
	b. The Russo-Japanese War
	c. World War I
	d. World War II

.

Egypt’s Wafdist government fell in what year?

	a. 1941
	b. 1942
	c. 1943
	d. 1944

.

Fill in the blank. Libya’s post-war foreign policy can be best described as _________________.

	a. Pro-western
	b. Pro-Soviet
	c. Non-aligned
	d. Pro-eastern

.

Following World War I, the League of Nations created a mandate to partition the Ottoman Empire. Under the mandate system, which country received the mandate over modern day Syria?

	a. Britain
	b. France
	c. The United States
	d. Russia

.

Following World War I, the League of Nations created a mandate to partition the Ottoman Empire. Under the mandate system, which country received the mandate over modern day Iraq?

	a. France
	b. The United States
	c. Russia
	d. Britain

.

Following World War I, the League of Nations created a mandate to partition the Ottoman Empire. Under the mandate system, which country received the mandate over modern day Lebanon?

	a. Britain
	b. France
	c. The United States
	d. Russia

.

Following World War I, the League of Nations created a mandate to partition the Ottoman Empire. Which country received no mandate in the Middle East?

	a. The United States
	b. Britain
	c. France
	d. None of the Above

.

Libya’s federal constitution was promulgated in October of what year?

	a. 1945
	b. 1947
	c. 1949
	d. 1951

.

Popular support for the Wafdist government in Egypt fell when it became apparent that true power resided with what imperial power?

	a. Britain
	b. Germany
	c. France
	d. The United States

.

Reza Shah Pahlavi was forced to abdicate the Iranian throne in which year?

	a. 1940
	b. 1941
	c. 1942
	d. 1943

.

The 1945 elections in Egypt brought what parties to power?

	a. The Wafd and the Muslim Brotherhood
	b. The Democrats and the Republicans
	c. Liberal Constitutionalists and Saadists
	d. None of the above

.

The British officially granted Iraq independence in what year?

	a. 1929
	b. 1932
	c. 1935
	d. 1936

.

The Ottoman Empire allied with which country during World War I?

	a. The United States
	b. Germany
	c. France
	d. Great Britain

.

What European country invaded Egypt in 1940?

	a. Germany
	b. Italy
	c. France
	d. Great Britain

.

Which two countries invaded Iran in August 1941?

	a. Britain and France
	b. Britain and the Soviet Union
	c. Germany and Italy
	d. None of the above

.

According to Helen Chapin Metz, what Middle Eastern country was vital to Britain’s defense during World War I?

	a. The United States
	b. Lebanon
	c. Palestine
	d. Egypt

.

According to Mike Shuster of NPR, Britain’s attempt to bridge Palestinian and Zionist political interests led to what event?

	a. World War II
	b. World War I
	c. The Arab Revolt of 1936
	d. The Iraq-Iran War

.

Fill in the blank. According to Helen Chapin Metz in the “Ingathering of Exiles” chapter of Israel: A Country Study, “In 1939 the British Mandate Authority had estimated that about ___________ out of 1.5 million residents of the mandate were Jews.”

	a. 200,000
	b. 350,000
	c. 445,000
	d. 763,212

.

Fill in the blank. The Irgun, a Jewish terrorist group, bombed the _________________ hotel in July 1946.

	a. King David
	b. Radisson
	c. Sheraton
	d. Four Seasons

.

Fill in the blank. According to Helen Chapin Metz in the “Ingathering of Exiles” chapter of Israel: A Country Study, “As a result of the [1948 Arab-Israeli War), about _____________ Arabs took refuge in Transjordan or in the West Bank.”

	a. 200,000
	b. 350,000
	c. 500,000
	d. 750,000

.

How many Palestinians fled their home following the 1948 Arab-Zionist war?

	a. 150,000
	b. 500,000
	c. 750,000
	d. 1,000,000

.

In 1922, the League of Nations gave Britain a mandate to administer what country?

	a. Palestine
	b. Russia
	c. Germany
	d. France

.

In terms of casualties, what was the costliest war Israel ever fought?

	a. The 1948 Arab-Israeli War
	b. The 1967 Six-Day War
	c. The 1973 Yom Kippur War
	d. The 1956 Suez Crisis

.

What 1920s document expressed an imperial power’s desire to establish a national home for the Jews in Palestine but failed to mention the indigenous people?

	a. Balfour Declaration
	b. White Paper
	c. Versailles Treaty
	d. Atlantic Charter

.

What member of David Lloyd George’s cabinet, is closely associated with the 1917 document that proclaimed Britain’s intentions toward Palestine?

	a. Arthur James Balfour
	b. Woodrow Wilson
	c. Winston Churchill
	d. Golda Meir

.

Which of the following was created in 1921 from territory taken from the eastern portion of Palestine?

	a. Saudi Arabia
	b. The Emirate of Transjordan
	c. Kuwait
	d. Egypt

.

Which of the following was the intellectual father of the modern Zionist movement?

	a. Arthur James Balfour
	b. Theodor Herzl
	c. Sir Mark Sykes
	d. Francois Georges-Picot

.

What was the British document that promoted the establishment of a national homeland for the Jewish people called?

	a. The Balfour Declaration
	b. The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
	c. The White Paper
	d. None of the Above

.

According to Helen Chapin Metz in the “Nasser and Arab Socialism” chapter of Egypt: A Country Study, what document “… showed a change in orientation from the nationalist goals of the original revolution and emphasized that Egypt was an Arab nation based on Islamic principles”?

	a. The National Charter
	b. The Eisenhower Doctrine
	c. The United Nations Charter
	d. The Atlantic Charter

.

According to Mike Shuster of NPR, nationalism in the Middle East was symbolized by the rise of which leader?

	a. Mohammad Mossadegh
	b. Gamal Abdel Nasser
	c. Shah Reza Palavi
	d. King Abdul Azziz

.

According to Mike Shuster of NPR, what resource has always been the United States’ top priority in the Middle East?

	a. Gold
	b. Sand
	c. Oil
	d. Coal

.

According to Mike Shuster of NPR, which of the following was NOT one of the United States’ concerns in the post-war Middle East?

	a. Oil
	b. Israel
	c. The Soviet Union
	d. British imperialism

.

According to Zachary Lockman (quoted in Mike Shuster’s report for NPR, “The Middle East and the West: The Role Grows”), by the 1970s, what nation was seen as "… being on the side of the forces of the status quo, the forces of conservativism, the forces opposing Arab unity and opposing the kinds of social change, social reform, even social revolution that many Arabs felt was necessary”?

	a. The Soviet Union
	b. The United States
	c. Iran
	d. Saudi Arabia

.

Fill in the blank. In 1957, the President of the United States promulgated the ________________, under which another country could request U.S. military and economic assistance to counter aggression from another state.

	a. Good Neighbor Policy
	b. Lend/Lease Act
	c. Eisenhower Doctrine
	d. Nixon Doctrine

.

Fill in the blank. The Eisenhower Doctrine was an indirect result of Gamal Abdel Nasser’s program of _________________.

	a. Employment
	b. Positive neutrality
	c. Open warfare
	d. Public education

.

Following the Arab-Israeli war of 1948, about how many people fled to Transjordan, more than doubling the population?

	a. 250,000
	b. 500,000
	c. 750,000
	d. 1,000,000

.

In 1953, the United States overthrew the democratically elected prime minister of which country?

	a. Iraq
	b. Iran
	c. Syria
	d. Egypt

.

Which of the following people was most closely associated with Arab nationalism?

	a. Dwight D. Eisenhower
	b. Gamal Abdel Nasser
	c. Indiana Jones
	d. Adolf Hitler

.

Which U.S. president asserted in January 1957 that the Soviet Union had nothing to fear from the United States in the Middle East?

	a. Harry Truman
	b. Dwight Eisenhower
	c. John Kennedy
	d. Lyndon Johnson

.

Following World War II, which superpower became the most influential non-Muslim country in the Middle East?

	a. Great Britain
	b. France
	c. Canada
	d. The Unites States

.

According to Helen Chapin Metz, what was the Arabs’ first move after the June 1967 War?

	a. To hold a summit conference in Khartoum
	b. To sign a peace treaty with Israel
	c. To request military assistance from the Soviet Union
	d. To go to Disney World

.

Because of its strong pro-Western stance, Turkey sent troops to serve in what conflict of the 1950s?

	a. Vietnam War
	b. Korean War
	c. Iran-Iraq War
	d. Crimean War

.

Complete the sentence. According to Helen Chapin Metz, Egypt’s 1971 constitution did all of the following EXCEPT:

	a. Provide additional guarantees against arbitrary arrest
	b. Provide additional guarantees against seizure of property
	c. Provide additional guarantees of free speech
	d. Widened the authority of the People’s Assembly

.

Fill in the blank. According to Helen Chapin Metz in the “Nasser and Arab Socialism” chapter of Egypt: A Country Study, “The movement away from _______________ matched Egypt's turn away from the Soviet Union and toward the United States.”

	a. A one-party system
	b. A two-party system
	c. Capitalism
	d. Democracy

.

Fill in the blank. In 1979, Saddam Hussein officially became president of the Republic of ______________.

	a. Israel
	b. Iran
	c. Iraq
	d. Ireland

.

Fill in the blank. In July 1977, Egypt’s Anwar Sadat announced that he intended to establish his own party called the ________________.

	a. Democratic Party
	b. Republican Party
	c. National Democratic Party
	d. Arab Socialist Union

.

In 1969, Muammar Gaddafi seized control of what country?

	a. Libya
	b. Ireland
	c. Russia
	d. France

.

On May 27, 1960, the military of what country seized control of the government?

	a. Turkey
	b. Iraq
	c. Iran
	d. Saudi Arabia

.

Turkey joined NATO in what year?

	a. 1950
	b. 1951
	c. 1952
	d. 1953

.

Turkey’s Second Republic began with the ratification of a new constitution in July of what year?

	a. 1960
	b. 1961
	c. 1962
	d. 1963

.

Turkey’s “coup of memorandum” took place in what year?

	a. 1970
	b. 1971
	c. 1972
	d. 1973

.

Egyptian Prime Minister Anwar Sadat was assassinated in 1981 after signing a peace treaty with what country?

	a. Hungary
	b. The U.S.S.R.
	c. The United States
	d. Israel

.

By 1978, there were over how many foreigners in Iran?

	a. 30,000
	b. 40,000
	c. 50,000
	d. 60,000

.

Complete the sentence. According to Helen Chapin Metz, President Bani Sadr’s goals included all of the following EXCEPT:

	a. The development of closer relations with Iraq
	b. The reestablishment of central authority
	c. The gradual disappearance of the Pasdaran
	d. The reduction of the influence of the clerical hierarchy

.

Fill in the blank. In 1979, following the Revolution in Iran, ________________ asserted in a speech about “The Uprising of Khurdad 15, 1979,” “Your opponents, oppressed people, have never suffered. In the time of the taghut, they never suffered because either they were in agreement with the regime and loyal to it, or they kept silent. Now you have spread the banquet of freedom in front of them and they have sat down to eat.”

	a. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
	b. President Jimmy Carter
	c. President Ronald Reagan
	d. President Anwar Sadat

.

Fill in the blank. The Shah of Iran’s secret police were known by the acronym _________________.

	a. SAVAK
	b. OPEC
	c. U.S.S.R.
	d. U.S.A.

.

Fill in the blank. The Shah’s far-reaching social and political reforms, beginning in 1963, were called ___________________.

	a. The White Revolution
	b. The Green Revolution
	c. The Lavender Revolution
	d. The Blue Revolution

.

In April of 1980, the United States tried to rescue hostages held in what country?

	a. Afghanistan
	b. Iraq
	c. Iran
	d. Saudi Arabia

.

In January 1979, the Shah fled which country?

	a. Lebanon
	b. Iraq
	c. Libya
	d. Iran

.

In September 1973, war broke out between which two countries?

	a. Israel and Egypt
	b. Iran and Iraq
	c. Libya and Tunis
	d. Britain and France

.

On April 1, 1979, who officially proclaimed the creation of the Islamic Republic of Iran?

	a. Ayatollah Khomeini
	b. Jimmy Carter
	c. Anwar Sadat
	d. Menachim Begin

.

The Shah’s position in Iran was seriously damaged following which event?

	a. A cinema fire
	b. A school fire
	c. A palace fire
	d. None of the above

.

The term “White Revolution” refers to which of the following?

	a. The Iranian Revolution of 1979
	b. The Iran-Iraq War of 1980-88
	c. A set of reforms initiated by the Shah of Iran in1963
	d. None of the above

.

In 1979, which country experienced an Islamic revolution?

	a. Iraq
	b. Iran
	c. Egypt
	d. The United States

.

According to Helen Chapin Metz in the “Iraq-Iran Conflict” chapter of Iraq: A Country Study, what event “…strained Iraqi political and social life, and led to severe economic dislocations?”

	a. The Iran-Iraq War
	b. The 1980 election of Ronald Reagan
	c. The Watergate scandal
	d. None of the above

.

According to Helen Chapin Metz, Iraq’s Saddam Hussein viewed what event as an opportunity and a threat?

	a. The 1979 overthrow of the Shah of Iran
	b. The 1980 election of Ronald Reagan
	c. The Watergate scandal
	d. None of the above

.

During his five-year reign, Daoud’s relationship deteriorated with which country?

	a. The United States
	b. The U.S.S.R.
	c. The United Kingdom
	d. France

.

Fill in the blank. According to Peter R. Blood in the “Communism, Rebellion, and Soviet Intervention” chapter of Afghanistan: A Country Study, “The civil war in Afghanistan was guerrilla warfare and a war of attrition between the several communist (that is, PDPA) controlled regimes and the ___________.”

	a. United States
	b. Saudis
	c. Mujahadeen
	d. Persians

.

Fill in the blank. In 1977, Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan of Afghanistan established his own political party called______________.

	a. National Revolutionary Party
	b. Local Revolutionary Party
	c. Afghanistan Revolutionary Party
	d. Islamist Party

.

Fill in the blank. In contrast to the majority of Iraqis, Saddam Hussein was a ________________.

	a. Shi’a
	b. Sunni
	c. Kurd
	d. Arab

.

In 1979, The U.S.S.R. invaded what country?

	a. Iraq
	b. Iran
	c. Afghanistan
	d. The United States

.

The 1991 Gulf War resulted from Iraq’s invasion of what country?

	a. Saudi Arabia
	b. Kuwait
	c. Israel
	d. The United States

.

What agreement was brokered by the Algerian government in January of 1981 to end the Iranian hostage crisis?

	a. The Algerian Accords
	b. The Baghdad Pact
	c. The Treaty of Versailles
	d. The Atlantic Charter

.

Who is most closely associated with the policy of “New Democracy” in Afghanistan in the 1970s?

	a. Osama Bin Laden
	b. Gamal Abdel Nasser
	c. King Zahir
	d. Jimmy Carter

.

Fill in the blank. In 1980, war broke out between these two neighboring Middle Eastern countries, _________________ and ________________________.

	a. Iraq and Iran
	b. Saudi Arabia and Iraq
	c. The United States and Iraq
	d. Israel and Iran

.

Fill in the blank. Al-Qaeda is a radical ______________ Muslim movement.

	a. Shi’a
	b. Sufi
	c. Sunni
	d. Turkish

.

Following the toppling of the Taliban in Afghanistan, the United States installed who as prime minister of Afghanistan?

	a. Hamid Karzai
	b. Osama Bin Laden
	c. Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
	d. Jalauddin Haqqani

.

In 2003, the United States invaded what country?

	a. Iran
	b. Iraq
	c. Libya
	d. France

.

In response to the terror attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States invaded which country in search of Osama Bin Laden?

	a. Iran
	b. Iraq
	c. Afghanistan
	d. Turkmenistan

.

The 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq toppled which of the following individuals?

	a. Hamid Karzai
	b. Saddam Hussein
	c. Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
	d. Jalauddin Haqqani

.

What were the U.S. military operations following September 11, 2001 called?

	a. Operation Enduring Freedom
	b. The Crusades
	c. Desert Shield
	d. Desert Storm

.

Which of the following countries was declared by U.S. President George W. Bush as part of the “axis of evil?”

	a. Iran
	b. Saudi Arabia
	c. Bahrain
	d. France

.

Which of the following was NOT a rationale of the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003?

	a. Finding weapons of mass destruction
	b. Spreading democracy
	c. Confirming Iraq’s alleged connections to al-Qaeda
	d. Confirming Iraq’s collusion with Iran

.

Which president of Iran was criticized for his comments denying the Holocaust?

	a. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
	b. Mohammad Khatami
	c. Osama Bin Laden
	d. Gamal Abdel Nasser

.

Which U.S. president ordered military forces into Afghanistan following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001?

	a. George H.W. Bush
	b. Bill Clinton
	c. George W. Bush
	d. Barack Obama

.

Which U.S. president ordered military forces into Iraq in 2003?

	a. George H.W. Bush
	b. Bill Clinton
	c. George W. Bush
	d. Barack Obama

.

What does “Al-Qaeda” translate to in English?

	a. The base
	b. The struggle
	c. The uprising
	d. The future

.