Arab resistance movements, formed to combat European imperialism, appeared immediately after what war?

Choose one answer.

	a. Korean War
	b. Vietnam War
	c. World War I
	d. World War II

Question 2

Britain and France signed what agreement in 1916 that divided the Middle East between them?

Choose one answer.

	a. Sykes-Picot
	b. The Balfour Declaration
	c. The White Paper
	d. None of the above

Question 3

Fill in the blank. Between April 25, 1914 and January 9, 1915, the British attacked the Ottoman Empire at the ______________ peninsula.

Choose one answer.

	a. Malay
	b. Gallipoli
	c. Iberian
	d. Arabian

Question 4

Fill in the blank. The Young Turks sided with ____________ during World War I.

Choose one answer.

	a. The allies
	b. The central powers
	c. Both the central powers and the allies
	d. None of the above

Question 5

In 1916, French and British diplomats secretly concluded the ________________ agreement, which defined their various spheres of influence in the Middle East.

Choose one answer.

	a. Balfour Declaration
	b. White Paper
	c. Sykes-Picot Agreement
	d. Versailles Treaty

Question 6

In 1925, who forbade the inhabitants of Turkey from wearing the fez?

Choose one answer.

	a. Theodor Herzl
	b. Kemal Ataturk
	c. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
	d. None of the above

Question 7

On November 11, 1914, Ottoman Sultan Mehmet V declared jihad against which countries?

Choose one answer.

	a. Brazil, Sweden, and South Africa
	b. Great Britain, Israel, and the Netherlands
	c. France, Russia, and Great Britain
	d. The United States, Mexico, and Canada

Question 8

The governments of which two countries signed the Sykes-Picot agreement?

Choose one answer.

	a. Great Britain and France
	b. Great Britain and Russia
	c. France and Russia
	d. U.S. and Russia

Question 9

What was the most important outcome of World War I for the Middle East?

Choose one answer.

	a. The German victory over the allies
	b. The Axis victory over the central powers
	c. The British victory over the Ottoman Empire and the Ottoman Empire's subsequent collapse
	d. None of the above

Question 10

Which war created the modern boundaries of the Middle East?

Choose one answer.

	a. World War II
	b. Korean War
	c. Vietnam War
	d. World War I

Question 11

Who was the leader of the Young Turks, as well as first president and founder of the Republic of Turkey?

Choose one answer.

	a. Theodor Herzl
	b. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
	c. Kemal Ataturk
	d. None of the above

Question 12

Who won the battle of Gallipoli?

Choose one answer.

	a. The Ottomans
	b. The British
	c. Russia
	d. None of the above

Question 13

Who was the greatest independent Islamic power in 1914?

Choose one answer.

	a. The Ottoman Empire
	b. Egypt
	c. Syria
	d. Palestine

Question 14

According to Mike Shuster, modern Arab nationalist movements emerged from which war?

Choose one answer.

	a. The Franco-Prussian War
	b. The Russo-Japanese War
	c. World War I
	d. World War II

Question 15

Egypt's Wafdist government fell in what year?

Choose one answer.

	a. 1941
	b. 1942
	c. 1943
	d. 1944

Question 16

Fill in the blank. Libya's post-war foreign policy can be best described as _________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Pro-western
	b. Pro-Soviet
	c. Non-aligned
	d. Pro-eastern

Question 17

Following World War I, the League of Nations created a mandate to partition the Ottoman Empire. Under the mandate system, which country received the mandate over modern day Syria?

Choose one answer.

	a. Britain
	b. France
	c. The United States
	d. Russia

Question 18

Following World War I, the League of Nations created a mandate to partition the Ottoman Empire. Under the mandate system, which country received the mandate over modern day Iraq?

Choose one answer.

	a. France
	b. The United States
	c. Russia
	d. Britain

Question 19

Following World War I, the League of Nations created a mandate to partition the Ottoman Empire. Under the mandate system, which country received the mandate over modern day Lebanon?

Choose one answer.

	a. Britain
	b. France
	c. The United States
	d. Russia

Question 20

Following World War I, the League of Nations created a mandate to partition the Ottoman Empire. Which country received no mandate in the Middle East?

Choose one answer.

	a. The United States
	b. Britain
	c. France
	d. None of the Above

Question 21

Libya's federal constitution was promulgated in October of what year?

Choose one answer.

	a. 1945
	b. 1947
	c. 1949
	d. 1951

Question 22

Popular support for the Wafdist government in Egypt fell when it became apparent that true power resided with what imperial power?

Choose one answer.

	a. Britain
	b. Germany
	c. France
	d. The United States

Question 23

Reza Shah Pahlavi was forced to abdicate the Iranian throne in which year?

Choose one answer.

	a. 1940
	b. 1941
	c. 1942
	d. 1943

Question 24

The 1945 elections in Egypt brought what parties to power?

Choose one answer.

	a. The Wafd and the Muslim Brotherhood
	b. The Democrats and the Republicans
	c. Liberal Constitutionalists and Saadists
	d. None of the above

Question 25

The British officially granted Iraq independence in what year?

Choose one answer.

	a. 1929
	b. 1932
	c. 1935
	d. 1936

Question 26

The Ottoman Empire allied with which country during World War I?

Choose one answer.

	a. The United States
	b. Germany
	c. France
	d. Great Britain

Question 27

What European country invaded Egypt in 1940?

Choose one answer.

	a. Germany
	b. Italy
	c. France
	d. Great Britain

Question 28

Which two countries invaded Iran in August 1941?

Choose one answer.

	a. Britain and France
	b. Britain and the Soviet Union
	c. Germany and Italy
	d. None of the above

Question 29

According to Helen Chapin Metz, what Middle Eastern country was vital to Britain's defense during World War I?

Choose one answer.

	a. The United States
	b. Lebanon
	c. Palestine
	d. Egypt

Question 30

According to Mike Shuster of NPR, Britain's attempt to bridge Palestinian and Zionist political interests led to what event?

Choose one answer.

	a. World War II
	b. World War I
	c. The Arab Revolt of 1936
	d. The Iraq-Iran War

Question 31

Fill in the blank. According to Helen Chapin Metz in the "Ingathering of Exiles" chapter of Israel: A Country Study, "In 1939 the British Mandate Authority had estimated that about ___________ out of 1.5 million residents of the mandate were Jews."

Choose one answer.

	a. 200,000
	b. 350,000
	c. 445,000
	d. 763,212

Question 32

Fill in the blank. The Irgun, a Jewish terrorist group, bombed the _________________ hotel in July 1946.

Choose one answer.

	a. King David
	b. Radisson
	c. Sheraton
	d. Four Seasons

Question 33

Fill in the blank. According to Helen Chapin Metz in the "Ingathering of Exiles" chapter of Israel: A Country Study, "As a result of the [1948 Arab-Israeli War), about _____________ Arabs took refuge in Transjordan or in the West Bank."

Choose one answer.

	a. 200,000
	b. 350,000
	c. 500,000
	d. 750,000

Question 34

How many Palestinians fled their home following the 1948 Arab-Zionist war?

Choose one answer.

	a. 150,000
	b. 500,000
	c. 750,000
	d. 1,000,000

Question 35

In 1922, the League of Nations gave Britain a mandate to administer what country?

Choose one answer.

	a. Palestine
	b. Russia
	c. Germany
	d. France

Question 36

In terms of casualties, what was the costliest war Israel ever fought?

Choose one answer.

	a. The 1948 Arab-Israeli War
	b. The 1967 Six-Day War
	c. The 1973 Yom Kippur War
	d. The 1956 Suez Crisis

Question 37

What 1920s document expressed an imperial power's desire to establish a national home for the Jews in Palestine but failed to mention the indigenous people?

Choose one answer.

	a. Balfour Declaration
	b. White Paper
	c. Versailles Treaty
	d. Atlantic Charter

Question 38

What member of David Lloyd George's cabinet, is closely associated with the 1917 document that proclaimed Britain's intentions toward Palestine?

Choose one answer.

	a. Arthur James Balfour
	b. Woodrow Wilson
	c. Winston Churchill
	d. Golda Meir

Question 39

Which of the following was created in 1921 from territory taken from the eastern portion of Palestine?

Choose one answer.

	a. Saudi Arabia
	b. The Emirate of Transjordan
	c. Kuwait
	d. Egypt

Question 40

Which of the following was the intellectual father of the modern Zionist movement?

Choose one answer.

	a. Arthur James Balfour
	b. Theodor Herzl
	c. Sir Mark Sykes
	d. Francois Georges-Picot

Question 41

What was the British document that promoted the establishment of a national homeland for the Jewish people called?

Choose one answer.

	a. The Balfour Declaration
	b. The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
	c. The White Paper
	d. None of the Above

Question 42

According to Helen Chapin Metz in the "Nasser and Arab Socialism" chapter of Egypt: A Country Study, what document "… showed a change in orientation from the nationalist goals of the original revolution and emphasized that Egypt was an Arab nation based on Islamic principles"?

Choose one answer.

	a. The National Charter
	b. The Eisenhower Doctrine
	c. The United Nations Charter
	d. The Atlantic Charter

Question 43

According to Mike Shuster of NPR, nationalism in the Middle East was symbolized by the rise of which leader?

Choose one answer.

	a. Mohammad Mossadegh
	b. Gamal Abdel Nasser
	c. Shah Reza Palavi
	d. King Abdul Azziz

Question 44

According to Mike Shuster of NPR, what resource has always been the United States' top priority in the Middle East?

Choose one answer.

	a. Gold
	b. Sand
	c. Oil
	d. Coal

Question 45

According to Mike Shuster of NPR, which of the following was NOT one of the United States' concerns in the post-war Middle East?

Choose one answer.

	a. Oil
	b. Israel
	c. The Soviet Union
	d. British imperialism

Question 46

According to Zachary Lockman (quoted in Mike Shuster's report for NPR, "The Middle East and the West: The Role Grows"), by the 1970s, what nation was seen as "… being on the side of the forces of the status quo, the forces of conservativism, the forces opposing Arab unity and opposing the kinds of social change, social reform, even social revolution that many Arabs felt was necessary"?

Choose one answer.

	a. The Soviet Union
	b. The United States
	c. Iran
	d. Saudi Arabia

Question 47

Fill in the blank. In 1957, the President of the United States promulgated the ________________, under which another country could request U.S. military and economic assistance to counter aggression from another state.

Choose one answer.

	a. Good Neighbor Policy
	b. Lend/Lease Act
	c. Eisenhower Doctrine
	d. Nixon Doctrine

Question 48

Fill in the blank. The Eisenhower Doctrine was an indirect result of Gamal Abdel Nasser's program of _________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Employment
	b. Positive neutrality
	c. Open warfare
	d. Public education

Question 49

Following the Arab-Israeli war of 1948, about how many people fled to Transjordan, more than doubling the population?

Choose one answer.

	a. 250,000
	b. 500,000
	c. 750,000
	d. 1,000,000

Question 50

In 1953, the United States overthrew the democratically elected prime minister of which country?

Choose one answer.

	a. Iraq
	b. Iran
	c. Syria
	d. Egypt

Question 51

Which of the following people was most closely associated with Arab nationalism?

Choose one answer.

	a. Dwight D. Eisenhower
	b. Gamal Abdel Nasser
	c. Indiana Jones
	d. Adolf Hitler

Question 52

Which U.S. president asserted in January 1957 that the Soviet Union had nothing to fear from the United States in the Middle East?

Choose one answer.

	a. Harry Truman
	b. Dwight Eisenhower
	c. John Kennedy
	d. Lyndon Johnson

Question 53

Following World War II, which superpower became the most influential non-Muslim country in the Middle East?

Choose one answer.

	a. Great Britain
	b. France
	c. Canada
	d. The Unites States

Question 54

According to Helen Chapin Metz, what was the Arabs' first move after the June 1967 War?

Choose one answer.

	a. To hold a summit conference in Khartoum
	b. To sign a peace treaty with Israel
	c. To request military assistance from the Soviet Union
	d. To go to Disney World

Question 55

Because of its strong pro-Western stance, Turkey sent troops to serve in what conflict of the 1950s?

Choose one answer.

	a. Vietnam War
	b. Korean War
	c. Iran-Iraq War
	d. Crimean War

Question 56

Complete the sentence. According to Helen Chapin Metz, Egypt's 1971 constitution did all of the following EXCEPT:

Choose one answer.

	a. Provide additional guarantees against arbitrary arrest
	b. Provide additional guarantees against seizure of property
	c. Provide additional guarantees of free speech
	d. Widened the authority of the People's Assembly

Question 57

Fill in the blank. According to Helen Chapin Metz in the "Nasser and Arab Socialism" chapter of Egypt: A Country Study, "The movement away from _______________ matched Egypt's turn away from the Soviet Union and toward the United States."

Choose one answer.

	a. A one-party system
	b. A two-party system
	c. Capitalism
	d. Democracy

Question 58

Fill in the blank. In 1979, Saddam Hussein officially became president of the Republic of ______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Israel
	b. Iran
	c. Iraq
	d. Ireland

Question 59

Fill in the blank. In July 1977, Egypt's Anwar Sadat announced that he intended to establish his own party called the ________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Democratic Party
	b. Republican Party
	c. National Democratic Party
	d. Arab Socialist Union

Question 60

In 1969, Muammar Gaddafi seized control of what country?

Choose one answer.

	a. Libya
	b. Ireland
	c. Russia
	d. France

Question 61

On May 27, 1960, the military of what country seized control of the government?

Choose one answer.

	a. Turkey
	b. Iraq
	c. Iran
	d. Saudi Arabia

Question 62

Turkey joined NATO in what year?

Choose one answer.

	a. 1950
	b. 1951
	c. 1952
	d. 1953

Question 63

Turkey's Second Republic began with the ratification of a new constitution in July of what year?

Choose one answer.

	a. 1960
	b. 1961
	c. 1962
	d. 1963

Question 64

Turkey's "coup of memorandum" took place in what year?

Choose one answer.

	a. 1970
	b. 1971
	c. 1972
	d. 1973

Question 65

Egyptian Prime Minister Anwar Sadat was assassinated in 1981 after signing a peace treaty with what country?

Choose one answer.

	a. Hungary
	b. The U.S.S.R.
	c. The United States
	d. Israel

Question 66

By 1978, there were over how many foreigners in Iran?

Choose one answer.

	a. 30,000
	b. 40,000
	c. 50,000
	d. 60,000

Question 67

Complete the sentence. According to Helen Chapin Metz, President Bani Sadr's goals included all of the following EXCEPT:

Choose one answer.

	a. The development of closer relations with Iraq
	b. The reestablishment of central authority
	c. The gradual disappearance of the Pasdaran
	d. The reduction of the influence of the clerical hierarchy

Question 68

Fill in the blank. In 1979, following the Revolution in Iran, ________________ asserted in a speech about "The Uprising of Khurdad 15, 1979," "Your opponents, oppressed people, have never suffered. In the time of the taghut, they never suffered because either they were in agreement with the regime and loyal to it, or they kept silent. Now you have spread the banquet of freedom in front of them and they have sat down to eat."

Choose one answer.

	a. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
	b. President Jimmy Carter
	c. President Ronald Reagan
	d. President Anwar Sadat

Question 69

Fill in the blank. The Shah of Iran's secret police were known by the acronym _________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. SAVAK
	b. OPEC
	c. U.S.S.R.
	d. U.S.A.

Question 70

Fill in the blank. The Shah's far-reaching social and political reforms, beginning in 1963, were called ___________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. The White Revolution
	b. The Green Revolution
	c. The Lavender Revolution
	d. The Blue Revolution

Question 71

In April of 1980, the United States tried to rescue hostages held in what country?

Choose one answer.

	a. Afghanistan
	b. Iraq
	c. Iran
	d. Saudi Arabia

Question 72

In January 1979, the Shah fled which country?

Choose one answer.

	a. Lebanon
	b. Iraq
	c. Libya
	d. Iran

Question 73

In September 1973, war broke out between which two countries?

Choose one answer.

	a. Israel and Egypt
	b. Iran and Iraq
	c. Libya and Tunis
	d. Britain and France

Question 74

On April 1, 1979, who officially proclaimed the creation of the Islamic Republic of Iran?

Choose one answer.

	a. Ayatollah Khomeini
	b. Jimmy Carter
	c. Anwar Sadat
	d. Menachim Begin

Question 75

The Shah's position in Iran was seriously damaged following which event?

Choose one answer.

	a. A cinema fire
	b. A school fire
	c. A palace fire
	d. None of the above

Question 76

The term "White Revolution" refers to which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. The Iranian Revolution of 1979
	b. The Iran-Iraq War of 1980-88
	c. A set of reforms initiated by the Shah of Iran in1963
	d. None of the above

Question 77

In 1979, which country experienced an Islamic revolution?

Choose one answer.

	a. Iraq
	b. Iran
	c. Egypt
	d. The United States

Question 78

According to Helen Chapin Metz in the "Iraq-Iran Conflict" chapter of Iraq: A Country Study, what event "…strained Iraqi political and social life, and led to severe economic dislocations?"

Choose one answer.

	a. The Iran-Iraq War
	b. The 1980 election of Ronald Reagan
	c. The Watergate scandal
	d. None of the above

Question 79

According to Helen Chapin Metz, Iraq's Saddam Hussein viewed what event as an opportunity and a threat?

Choose one answer.

	a. The 1979 overthrow of the Shah of Iran
	b. The 1980 election of Ronald Reagan
	c. The Watergate scandal
	d. None of the above

Question 80

During his five-year reign, Daoud's relationship deteriorated with which country?

Choose one answer.

	a. The United States
	b. The U.S.S.R.
	c. The United Kingdom
	d. France

Question 81

Fill in the blank. According to Peter R. Blood in the "Communism, Rebellion, and Soviet Intervention" chapter of Afghanistan: A Country Study, "The civil war in Afghanistan was guerrilla warfare and a war of attrition between the several communist (that is, PDPA) controlled regimes and the ___________."

Choose one answer.

	a. United States
	b. Saudis
	c. Mujahadeen
	d. Persians

Question 82

Fill in the blank. In 1977, Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan of Afghanistan established his own political party called______________.

Choose one answer.

	a. National Revolutionary Party
	b. Local Revolutionary Party
	c. Afghanistan Revolutionary Party
	d. Islamist Party

Question 83

Fill in the blank. In contrast to the majority of Iraqis, Saddam Hussein was a ________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Shi'a
	b. Sunni
	c. Kurd
	d. Arab

Question 84

In 1979, The U.S.S.R. invaded what country?

Choose one answer.

	a. Iraq
	b. Iran
	c. Afghanistan
	d. The United States

Question 85

The 1991 Gulf War resulted from Iraq's invasion of what country?

Choose one answer.

	a. Saudi Arabia
	b. Kuwait
	c. Israel
	d. The United States

Question 86

What agreement was brokered by the Algerian government in January of 1981 to end the Iranian hostage crisis?

Choose one answer.

	a. The Algerian Accords
	b. The Baghdad Pact
	c. The Treaty of Versailles
	d. The Atlantic Charter

Question 87

Who is most closely associated with the policy of "New Democracy" in Afghanistan in the 1970s?

Choose one answer.

	a. Osama Bin Laden
	b. Gamal Abdel Nasser
	c. King Zahir
	d. Jimmy Carter

Question 88

Fill in the blank. In 1980, war broke out between these two neighboring Middle Eastern countries, _________________ and ________________________.

Choose one answer.

	a. Iraq and Iran
	b. Saudi Arabia and Iraq
	c. The United States and Iraq
	d. Israel and Iran

Question 89

Fill in the blank. Al-Qaeda is a radical ______________ Muslim movement.

Choose one answer.

	a. Shi'a
	b. Sufi
	c. Sunni
	d. Turkish

Question 90

Following the toppling of the Taliban in Afghanistan, the United States installed who as prime minister of Afghanistan?

Choose one answer.

	a. Hamid Karzai
	b. Osama Bin Laden
	c. Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
	d. Jalauddin Haqqani

Question 91

In 2003, the United States invaded what country?

Choose one answer.

	a. Iran
	b. Iraq
	c. Libya
	d. France

Question 92

In response to the terror attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States invaded which country in search of Osama Bin Laden?

Choose one answer.

	a. Iran
	b. Iraq
	c. Afghanistan
	d. Turkmenistan

Question 93

The 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq toppled which of the following individuals?

Choose one answer.

	a. Hamid Karzai
	b. Saddam Hussein
	c. Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
	d. Jalauddin Haqqani

Question 94

What were the U.S. military operations following September 11, 2001 called?

Choose one answer.

	a. Operation Enduring Freedom
	b. The Crusades
	c. Desert Shield
	d. Desert Storm

Question 95

Which of the following countries was declared by U.S. President George W. Bush as part of the "axis of evil?"

Choose one answer.

	a. Iran
	b. Saudi Arabia
	c. Bahrain
	d. France

Question 96

Which of the following was NOT a rationale of the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003?

Choose one answer.

	a. Finding weapons of mass destruction
	b. Spreading democracy
	c. Confirming Iraq's alleged connections to al-Qaeda
	d. Confirming Iraq's collusion with Iran

Question 97

Which president of Iran was criticized for his comments denying the Holocaust?

Choose one answer.

	a. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
	b. Mohammad Khatami
	c. Osama Bin Laden
	d. Gamal Abdel Nasser

Question 98

Which U.S. president ordered military forces into Afghanistan following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001?

Choose one answer.

	a. George H.W. Bush
	b. Bill Clinton
	c. George W. Bush
	d. Barack Obama

Question 99

Which U.S. president ordered military forces into Iraq in 2003?

Choose one answer.

	a. George H.W. Bush
	b. Bill Clinton
	c. George W. Bush
	d. Barack Obama

Question 100

What does "Al-Qaeda" translate to in English?

Choose one answer.

	a. The base
	b. The struggle
	c. The uprising
	d. The future