How has Africa been traditionally treated in world history courses?

	a. Africa has been treated as being separate and largely excluded from major world developments, playing a small role, if any, in the development of our modern global world.
	b. Africa is often depicted as the place where the first complex human societies began.
	c. Africa is treated as having been intimately connected to world developments throughout much of human history.
	d. Africa is usually not discussed in world history courses.

.

y

What are the least common types of sources used by historians of Africa studying the period prior to circa 1890?

	a. Orally transmitted sources
	b. Textual sources
	c. Physical objects, such as pottery shards, settlement patterns, or ruins
	d. Linguistic sources

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What is meant by the phrase “sub-Saharan Africa”?

	a. The lowlands, or low-altitude regions, of Africa.
	b. North Africa
	c. The portion of Africa beneath (in latitude) the Sahara Desert.
	d. The coastal regions of Africa.

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What is the meaning of the phrase “the trouble with tribe” with respect to popular conceptions of Africa’s pasts?

	a. Tribes are often the source of much social trouble, such as alcoholism, drug abuse, and violent crime.
	b. The concept of tribal society tends to be applied to the continent as a whole and, thus, imbues Africa’s diverse and varied histories with the illusion of being timeless and changeless.
	c. Many Westerners have trouble comprehending why humans would ever live in tribal societies.
	d. The phrase “the trouble with tribe” alludes to the difficulties many historians are faced with when attempting to prove whether or not tribes ever existed in Africa.

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Where is the “Horn of Africa”?

	a. On the north coast of Africa near the Strait of Gibraltar.
	b. On the east coast of Africa near the Arabian Peninsula.
	c. At the tip of South Africa.
	d. Along the west coast of Africa.

.

Which of the following are not among the preconceived notions about Africa circulated by the popular media?

	a. Africa as a homogeneous entity.
	b. Africa as a place where hunger, famine and starvation endlessly occur.
	c. Africa as a linguistically, culturally, and ethnically diverse continent.
	d. Africa as “The Dark Continent.”

.

Which of the following best describes “Eurocentrism”?

	a. The notion that Africa’s many societies had achieved a higher quality of civilization than most other places in world history and, therefore, should be used by scholars and officials as the standard by which all other societies—both past and present—are judged.
	b. A view of the world that assumes Europe’s preeminence and inherent superiority over all other human societies, both past and present.
	c. The idea that Western Europe devolved both culturally and morally as it gradually developed into a global imperial power.
	d. A Eurocentrist is a political moderate who lives in Western Europe.

.

Which of the following most accurately describes the relationship between the discipline of history and Africa’s past prior to the 1950s?

	a. Africa, and especially sub-Saharan Africa, was praised by many historians prior to the 1950s for its many civilizational achievements.
	b. Historians often used the achievements of Africa’s many past societies as benchmarks for judging the achievements of other civilizations, both past and present.
	c. Due to a lack of traditional archival (that is, textual) sources, as well as a dearth of imaginative methodological approaches, historians tended to treat Africa’s many pasts as something irreparably lost to time and, thus, unknowable.
	d. Historians were not even aware that Africa existed until the 1960s.

.

Why was Africa considered by many Westerners to be a “dark continent”?

	a. Because Africa’s rain forests were so dense, sunlight hardly ever found its way to the jungle’s floor.
	b. Because the continent is populated by dark-skinned peoples.
	c. Because it was largely unknown to Western explorers and cartographers—it was a “dark” spot on the world map.
	d. Because until the early twentieth century, Africa did not have electricity.

.

Why were Africans considered by many Westerners to be a “people without history?”

	a. Because the invading Western Europeans had confiscated many of Africa’s most cherished historical documents.
	b. Because history is the study of social change over time, and not much had changed in Africa during the past 2,000 years.
	c. Because many African societies did not believe in our Western notion of “the past.”
	d. Since many past African societies did not keep written records but, rather, transmitted collective knowledge orally, much of Africa’s many histories seemed lost to scholars trained to interpret the past exclusively through textual sources.

.

How has the study of ceramics served scholars’ quest to illuminate the history of sub-Saharan Africa?

	a. Ceramics are studied by art historians, but not historians, of sub-Saharan Africa.
	b. Ceramics record the various types and qualities of soil in which Africans have grown their food throughout much of Africa’s history.
	c. In lieu of written sources, ceramics record a past society’s sense of priorities, values, and anxieties—information that can be gleaned from the pottery’s external imagery, symbolism, and decorative embellishments.
	d. Sub-Saharan Africans did not create ceramics.

.

How many languages are spoken in Africa today?

	a. 500
	b. 1,000
	c. 1,500
	d. 2,000

.

In what ways has the study of language—or linguistics—augmented scholars’ understanding of Africa’s past?

	a. It allows scholars to read ancient African texts and other types of primary sources and, therefore, gain access to its historical record.
	b. By studying the morphologies and movements of languages in sub-Saharan Africa, scholars are able to piece together histories of nontextual past societies, thus illuminating the history of “a people without history.”
	c. Since many African languages have remained more-or-less static and unchanged for thousands of years, linguistics has helped prove the longstanding theory that Africans are largely a “people without history.”
	d. Most historians do not pay attention to linguistic analyses, as they largely do not contain any valuable historical information.

.

What is meant by the phrase “lithic technology”?

	a. Ancient electricity
	b. The styles and techniques used to produce and use stone tools.
	c. The invention of early batteries.
	d. The process of smelting metal ore from rock.

.

What is meant by the phrase “the Bantu Diffusion”?

	a. The dispersal of the Bantu coffee plant throughout much of the African continent.
	b. The dispersal of the Bantu peoples throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa.
	c. The dispersal of a particular style of ceramics—known as Bantu—throughout much of the African continent.
	d. The dispersal of the Arab peoples in North Africa.

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Which of the following best describes the subsistence strategy known as “foraging”?

	a. Hunter-gatherer
	b. Pastoralism
	c. Animal husbandry
	d. Industrial agriculture

.

Which of the following is a major Bantu language?

	a. Ahmaric
	b. Swahili
	c. Arabic
	d. English

.

Who was “Lucy”?

	a. The subject of a famous Beatles song.
	b. The remains of a Neanderthal who lived 500,000 years ago.
	c. The subject of a famous cave painting depicting an anonymous ancient woman floating in a sky of diamonds.
	d. A humanlike creature that lived around 3.2 million years ago and is widely believed to have been a member of a transitional species between apes and humans.

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Many scientists believe that the origins of human life can be traced to Africa. Some of the earliest members of the hominid family—the australopithecines—have been found in what modern-day African country?

	a. Egypt
	b. Ethiopia
	c. Tanzania
	d. Ghana

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Along the shores of which major African river did ancient Egyptian society develop?

	a. The Congo River
	b. The Niger River
	c. The Nile River
	d. The Euphrates River

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Carthage was

	a. beloved by all Romans; especially their generals.
	b. a North African imperial power that jockeyed for control over Mediterranean trade routes against the Romans.
	c. located in what is now Ethiopia.
	d. an ancient Egyptian city.

.

During which of the following officially recognized periods of ancient Egyptian history were the great pyramids constructed?

	a. The Old Kingdom
	b. The Middle Kingdom
	c. The New Kingdom
	d. During both Greek and Roman occupation.

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In the “Hymn to the Nile,” the author praises the River Nile for which of the following?

	a. For annually thwarting the invasions of ancient Egypt’s sworn enemies.
	b. The Nile carries the spirits of ancient Egypt’s deceased pharaohs to the afterlife.
	c. For drying up once a year and, thus, rendering fishing much easier.
	d. The Nile brings water and, thus, life and sustenance into the arid North African plains.

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In what century did Islam begin to arrive in North Africa?

	a. Sixth century (500s) CE
	b. Seventh century (600s) CE
	c. Eighth century (700s) CE
	d. Ninth century (800s) CE

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In what modern-day African country are the ruins of the ancient Roman site of Leptis Magna located?

	a. Morocco
	b. Tunisia
	c. Egypt
	d. Libya

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In what modern-day African country was Carthage located?

	a. Egypt
	b. Libya
	c. Tunisia
	d. Algeria

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In what modern-day African country was the ancient land of Cush located?

	a. Morocco
	b. Zimbabwe
	c. Egypt
	d. Sudan

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In what modern-day African country/nation was the Axumite Kingdom located?

	a. Ethiopia
	b. Somalia
	c. Eritrea
	d. Egypt

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On which god was the Memphite Theology centered?

	a. Osiris
	b. Yahweh
	c. Atum
	d. Ptah

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The elements of Egyptian mythology were centered heavily on the physical qualities of ancient Egyptian life. The River Nile—the center of ancient Egyptian society—featured prominently in Egypt’s mythological stories. Which of the following is the word used by ancient Egyptians to describe the swirling watery chaos that was the world at the beginning of time?

	a. Nu
	b. Atum
	c. Udjat
	d. Khepri

.

Upon what annual occurrence did much of ancient Egyptian social well-being and stability rest?

	a. The pharaoh’s State of the Union address.
	b. The flooding of the Nile River.
	c. The collection of tributes from both Greece and Rome.
	d. The raining down of manna upon the land.

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What is meant by the phrases “Upper Egypt” and “Lower Egypt”?

	a. “Upper” and “Lower” correspond to north and south.
	b. “Upper and “Lower” describe highlands and lowlands (in terms of altitude).
	c. “Upper” and “Lower” refer to high and low society.
	d. “Upper” and “Lower” are different phases in ancient Egypt’s history.

.

What is the primary commodity produced in the West African savanna lands?

	a. Ivory
	b. Salt
	c. Coffee
	d. Gold

.

What was the name of the Roman general who displaced Cleopatra VII from rule in Egypt and established Egypt as a Roman province?

	a. Julius Caesar
	b. Octavian (Augustus)
	c. Marcus Antonius
	d. Strabo

.

What was “Nubia”?

	a. The land where beginners were sent to live until they became experts, or “professionals,” at whichever trade they chose to study.
	b. “Nubia” is the ancient name of the island of Madagascar.
	c. An ancient city that used to be located in what is now Tunisia.
	d. A region along the River Nile that was located in what are now northern Sudan and southern Egypt.

.

Which of the following best describes the ancient Egyptians’ god of the River Nile?

	a. A woman without breasts.
	b. A three-headed snake with human arms.
	c. A dancing elephant with multiple arms.
	d. A male with breasts.

.

Which of the following best describes the “pharaonic period” of ancient Egypt?

	a. The period during which ancient Egypt’s pharaohs ruled.
	b. The period during which ancient Egypt was ruled by the Greeks.
	c. The period of twenty-four hours during which Egypt’s pharaoh, or king, lost his or her status of divinity.
	d. The period during which ancient Egypt was ruled by the Romans.

.

Which of the following best describes “The Declaration of Innocence”?

	a. It was intended to be recited by the deceased in the Hall of Two Truths for the express purpose of gaining entry into the afterlife.
	b. It was to be recited immediately prior to the consummation of every marriage.
	c. It was the name of the official statement that criminal courts used to declare a defendant innocent of the crime s/he had been accused of.
	d. It was a love poem.

.

Which of the following imperial powers took over in Egypt after the Ptolemaic Dynasty was brought to an end?

	a. The Greeks
	b. The Romans
	c. The Arabs
	d. The Persians

.

Which of the following is the name of the peoples who lived in Carthage?

	a. The Berbers
	b. The Egyptians
	c. The Phoenicians
	d. The Tunisians

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Which of the following most accurately describes “The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea”?

	a. A first- to third-century CE document detailing the Greco-Roman navigation and trade routes that existed between Roman Egypt and India.
	b. An epic poem written about the journey of one man between ancient Egypt and India.
	c. The ruins of an ancient civilization that once existed on a small island in the Erythraean Sea.
	d. A legend about sea monsters and other natural phenomena in the Erythraean Sea.

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Which of the following was Egypt’s ruler during the famed “Ptolemaic Dynasty”?

	a. Julius Caesar
	b. Cicero
	c. Cleopatra VII
	d. Alexander the Great

.

Which of the following were among the major developments to take place during ancient Egypt’s “New Kingdom”?

	a. The building of the great pyramids.
	b. The occupation of the Romans.
	c. Imperial expansionism
	d. The Justin Bieber and Journey concerts.

.

What was the primary factor behind the mass movement of peoples from North Africa into the Nile River valley (northeastern Africa) and the Niger River valley (West Africa) around 4,500–3,500 years ago?

	a. An increase in warfare
	b. Climatic changes / increasing desertification
	c. Exploration
	d. A Justin Bieber concert in the Nile River valley and a Journey concert in the Niger River valley!

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Between which of the following dates did the Kingdom of Songhay reach the apex of its power in West Africa?

	a. Between 850 and 1000 CE
	b. Between 1100 and 1350 CE
	c. Between 1350 and 1600 CE
	d. Between 1600 and 1850 CE

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During which of the following periods did Nok culture exist and thrive in sub-Saharan Africa?

	a. Between the Lower and Middle Paleolithic.
	b. During the medieval period.
	c. Between the Mesolithic and the Neolithic.
	d. Between the end of the Neolithic and beginning of the Iron Age.

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During which of the following periods was the Kongo Kingdom founded?

	a. circa early 1200’s
	b. circa late 1200’s
	c. circa early 1300’s
	d. circa late 1300’s

.

In what modern-day West African country were the forest kingdoms of the Yoruba and Edo based?

	a. Benin
	b. Togo
	c. Nigeria
	d. Ghana

.

In what region of Africa were the Luba and Lunda empires located?

	a. The Central African savanna
	b. The Northeast
	c. The South
	d. Central Africa

.

In which of the following modern-day African countries were the Kingdom of Ghana’s territories located?

	a. Mali and southern Mauritania
	b. Niger and southern Algeria
	c. Nigeria and northern Cameroon
	d. Mali and western Niger

.

The Mutapa Empire (1430–1760) was founded in present-day

	a. Zimbabwe and Mozambique.
	b. Ghana and Togo.
	c. Benin and Nigeria.
	d. Mali and Niger.

.

What does the word “Ghana” mean?

	a. Human
	b. King
	c. Farmer
	d. Dog

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What is a “griot”?

	a. A witch doctor
	b. A West African storyteller and, thus, repository of oral tradition
	c. An African slave ship
	d. A West African king

.

What is the significance of the discoveries of Nok terracotta sculptures?

	a. There is largely no significance to these discoveries.
	b. They confirm the more-or-less static qualities of much of sub-Saharan Africa’s past.
	c. The terracottas stand as a testament to the sophistication and complexities of Nok culture and society.
	d. They tell us that the Nok liked to make terracotta sculptures.

.

What is “The Epic of Sundiata”?

	a. Transmitted through the centuries by Malinke griots, the Epic of Sundiata is an epic poem that tells the life story of Sundiata Keita, the founder of the Mali Empire.
	b. An epic poem told by South African storytellers.
	c. The creation story of the ancient Egyptians.
	d. A story that chronicles the experiences of an African slave on his journey between his homeland and the Americas.

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Which of the following animals was used by the Sanhaja to transport goods in the trans-Saharan trade network?

	a. Donkey
	b. Horse
	c. Camel
	d. Elephant

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Which of the following commodities did the Sanhaja bring to sub-Saharan Africa via the trans-Saharan trade network?

	a. Gold
	b. Salt
	c. Iron
	d. Cloth

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Which of the following commodities did the Sanhaja transport back to Morocco?

	a. Gold
	b. Salt
	c. Iron
	d. Cloth

.

Which of the following dates marks the end of the great kingdoms of West Africa?

	a. 1400 CE
	b. 1500 CE
	c. 1600 CE
	d. 1700 CE

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Which of the following is considered to have been the first known “Sudanic” civilization?

	a. Egyptian
	b. Zulu
	c. Xhosa
	d. Nok

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Which of the following was important to the growth of trade in pre-colonial Central Africa?

	a. Rubber vines
	b. Dried fish
	c. Leather products
	d. Stone tools

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Which of the following was the primary factor behind the emergence of the Kingdom of Ghana as a major regional power?

	a. The invention of iron smelting.
	b. Advanced ceramics and artwork.
	c. The trans-Saharan trade network.
	d. The brutal crushing of its regional cultural and economic competitors.

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Which of the following West African cities served as a major trading station along the trans-Saharan trade route?

	a. Kumbi Saleh
	b. Timbuktu
	c. Gao
	d. Djenné

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Which of the following West African forest-state peoples produced the gold that led to the prosperity of the Kingdom of Songhay?

	a. The Nok
	b. The Berbers
	c. The Xhosa
	d. The Ashanti

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Who was Sundiata?

	a. The king of England
	b. A man who heroically led a rebellion against administrators of the transatlantic slave trade, and won.
	c. A likely mythological great man and conqueror who arose at a time of crisis and confusion for the Mandinka people.
	d. One of the many gods in the pantheon of West African deities.

.

Why is the trans-Saharan trade network considered central to understanding the development of sub-Saharan African societies?

	a. Scholars do not consider the trans-Saharan trade network to be central to understanding the development of sub-Saharan African societies but, rather, emphasize sub-Saharan Africa’s internal economic interconnectivity and social cohesiveness as the appropriate framework in which to understand the trajectory of its historical development.
	b. Because the trans-Saharan trade network connected diverse regions in Africa, forming a system of cultural and economic exchange between North and sub-Saharan African societies and, in the process, influencing complex changes in both.
	c. The trans-Saharan trade network has nothing to do with the development of sub-Saharan African societies.
	d. Because millions of sub-Saharan Africans were enslaved and transported to North Africa via the trans-Saharan trade network.

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In what modern country was the ancient sub-Saharan African civilization known as the “Nok” located?

	a. Nigeria
	b. Benin
	c. Niger
	d. Cameroon

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Between the late-medieval and the early modern periods, which region of Africa hosted the largest number of Jewish communities?

	a. West Africa
	b. Southern Africa
	c. East Africa
	d. North Africa

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During Ethiopia's "Early Solomonic" period (1270–1530), rulers claimed to be descendents of King Solomon and the Queen of

	a. Egypt.
	b. Sheba.
	c. England.
	d. Israel.

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During which century did Christianity first arrive in Ethiopia?

	a. Third century CE
	b. Fourth century CE
	c. Fifth century CE
	d. Sixth century CE

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During which century did Egypt become an Ottoman province?

	a. Fifteenth century
	b. Sixteenth century
	c. Seventeenth century
	d. Eighteenth century

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The lands of the Kingdom of Great Zimbabwe were located in

	a. Northern Africa.
	b. Central Africa.
	c. Southern Africa.
	d. East Africa.

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The Swahili language is one of several _____ languages spoken throughout West-Central Africa.

	a. Nilo-Saharan
	b. Afro-Asiatic
	c. Khoi-San
	d. Bantu

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Throughout much of its history, Somalia was intimately connected to the various maritime peoples of the ______ Ocean.

	a. Atlantic
	b. Mediterranean
	c. Indian
	d. Pacific

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Which of the following was not among the North African caliphates that existed during the medieval period?

	a. The Ottomans
	b. The Maghrib
	c. The Almoravids
	d. The Almohads

.

Who is accredited with bringing Christianity to Egypt?

	a. Saint Mark
	b. Saint Peter
	c. Saint Paul
	d. Saint Luke

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With which of the following ethnic groups did Islam first arrive in Africa?

	a. The Arabs
	b. The Persians
	c. The Assyrians
	d. The Egyptians

.

Which of the following sects of Christianity is unique to Egypt?

	a. Eastern Orthodox
	b. Protestant
	c. Roman Catholic
	d. Coptic

.

According to our best estimates, how many Africans were taken from Africa and enslaved in the Americas in the transatlantic slave trade?

	a. 1 million
	b. 5 million
	c. 10 million
	d. 15 million

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Based on the readings assigned to you in this course regarding the cultural relationship between continental Africans and those enslaved in New World locales, which of the following statements is true?

	a. The enslaved never changed after arriving in the Americas but, rather, kept their cultures the same.
	b. The first generation of slaves from Africa maintained their African cultures; the second generation had no experience of Africa and, thus, was completely “Americanized.”
	c. The cultures that were formed during the experience of enslavement in the Americas combined with first-generation Africans’ continental cultures, forging new, hybrid cultures in the process.
	d. The enslaved were cut off from their cultures of origin and forced to begin new lives—and by extension new cultures—in the Americas.

.

During which of the following periods did the Atlantic World emerge?

	a. Between 1300 and 1500 CE
	b. Between 1400 and 1600 CE
	c. Between 1500 and 1700 CE
	d. Between 1600 and 1800 CE

.

The Atlantic World is a relatively new field of historical analysis. Which of the following best describes its primary subjects, geographical areas, and aims?

	a. The Atlantic World is a field that focuses on the creation of a transatlantic system of economic, social, and cultural exchange involving Western European explorers, captive West Africans, and the establishment of European-controlled slave economies in the Americas.
	b. “The Atlantic World” is the name for historians’ and archeologists’ search for the lost city of Atlantis.
	c. The Atlantic World is a historical field that studies the small island communities scattered throughout the Atlantic Ocean.
	d. The Atlantic World is a field that focuses primarily on the various native peoples who lived along the Atlantic coast of North America.

.

What was the “Columbian Exchange”?

	a. The exchange of shiny beads and other Western European jewelry for Central American slaves.
	b. “Columbian Exchange” is the phrase used to describe the elaborate trading system Christopher Columbus devised between himself and the various native groups he encountered while exploring the Caribbean Sea and Central America.
	c. The biological exchanges (i.e., germs, foods, etc.) that took place between colonizer and colonized in the New World.
	d. The Columbian Exchange occurred when Christopher Columbus was taken hostage by the Carib peoples, and his men were forced to pay ransom in exchange for his freedom.

.

Where was the “Middle Passage”?

	a. The land passageway that used to exist between present-day Morocco and Spain.
	b. The stretch of the Atlantic Ocean between Africa and the Americas.
	c. The stretch of the River Nile that crosses through what is now the city of Cairo.
	d. The stretch of open water between Cuba and Mexico.

.

Which of the following best defines the phrase “African Diaspora”?

	a. The community of Africans who were not captured or enslaved and, thus, remained in Africa.
	b. The community of Africans who were, and still are, living outside the continent.
	c. The community of Africans who were present during the first encounters with European explorers.
	d. The community of Africans who resisted conversion to Judaism, Christianity, and/or Islam.

.

Which of the following best defines “chattel slavery”?

	a. Chattel slaves were property and could be traded as such.
	b. Chattel slaves were more like serfs, and were consequently allowed freedom of movement and other liberties.
	c. Chattel slaves were indentured servants.
	d. Chattel slaves were only forced to work until they were eighteen.

.

Which of the following is not included within the scope of the Atlantic World?

	a. Atlantic Ocean
	b. Western Europe
	c. West Africa
	d. East Africa

.

Which of the following was not a commodity being acquired via slave labor in the Americas?

	a. Cotton
	b. Tobacco
	c. Sugar
	d. Oil

.

Which of the following was not used by North American slave owners to manage slaves’ behavior on the plantations?

	a. Killing
	b. Dismemberment
	c. Deportation
	d. Castration

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Why do scholars consider it important to document and analyze the oral-history testimonies of individuals who experienced enslavement?

	a. Because they can be used to prosecute in absentia those who participated in the transatlantic slave trade.
	b. Most scholars do not consider oral testimonies to be valid historical sources.
	c. Because the sole project of all historical analysis is simply to fill in the missing pieces of our collective human past.
	d. Because these testimonies offer alternative versions and interpretations of the events surrounding the transatlantic slave trade and, thus, offer a counter narrative to those offered by white Europeans.

.

Why has oral testimony—as a primary historical source—been treated with such skepticism by some historians?

	a. Because oral testimony is based on human memory, and human memory is prone to error and confusion.
	b. Because oral testimony is usually people lying or telling inventive stories.
	c. Because oral testimony is largely unique to sub-Saharan Africa and most historians are racist.
	d. Because considering oral testimony as a primary historical source would require historians to leave the comfort of their own discipline’s methodologies and shift towards a more interdisciplinary model of historical analysis.

.

Which of the following early modern European powers was the first to capture and sell African slaves in a European market?

	a. Great Britain
	b. France
	c. Portugal
	d. Spain

.

What was the “Great Trek”?

	a. As a result of the Cape Colony's annexation by the British in 1795, an estimated ten thousand Boers left the Cape Colony and headed north and northeast into South Africa's hinterlands in search of new lands outside of Great Britain’s administrative control.
	b. It is another phrase for “The Trail of Tears.”
	c. It was a period of Western European exploration in Africa’s interior.
	d. It was the first ever attempted roundtrip of the trans-Sahara trade route.

.

Which of the following best defines the phrase “the underdevelopment of Africa”?

	a. Western Europeans literally demolished and “unbuilt” much of Africa’s physical infrastructure during the transatlantic slave trade.
	b. By forcibly removing an estimated fifteen million Africans from the continent—many of them skilled artisans and tradesmen—Western Europeans blunted Africa’s potential for political, economic, and social growth, thus contributing to its “underdevelopment.”
	c. As a result of centuries of contact with Western European culture and religion, Africans became less mature and less physically developed.
	d. Africans have never created complex societies and civilizations like Western Europeans have.

.

Which of the following best describes the impact of the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade on the international market for goods produced by slave labor?

	a. The abolition of the transatlantic slave trade brought a definitive end to all major slave-based economies, thus eliminating all goods produced by slave labor.
	b. The abolition of the transatlantic slave trade never happened.
	c. The abolition of the transatlantic slave trade severely restricted the international flow of goods.
	d. The abolition of the transatlantic slave trade did nothing to restrict the flow of goods that were produced by slave labor and, therefore, did nothing to restrict the practice of slavery itself.

.

Which of the following was considered a benchmark of a person’s or tribe’s wealth in Zulu society?

	a. Gold
	b. Cattle
	c. Copper
	d. Yams

.

Which of the following was instrumental in the destruction of the Zulu Nation’s former power and its economic and social cohesion?

	a. The Great Trek
	b. The establishment of the Boer republics.
	c. Anglo-Zulu Wars
	d. The transatlantic slave trade

.

Who are the Zulu?

	a. Dutch settlers in South Africa
	b. One of the largest ethnic groups of modern South Africa.
	c. A West African group who, during the nineteenth century, immigrated to South Africa.
	d. The Zulu never existed; they exist only in the folklore of the Xhosa people.

.

Who were the Boers?

	a. English settlers in South Africa
	b. Dutch settlers in West Africa
	c. English settlers in North Africa
	d. Dutch settlers in South Africa

.

The successes of the Industrial Revolution, which occurred in parts of Western Europe and North America during the late-eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, required which of the following?

	a. Indian spices
	b. Slave labor
	c. Firearms
	d. Tobacco

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