An early map of North America placed the Pacific Ocean just west of what region?

	a. The Gulf of Mexico
	b. The Appalachian Mountains
	c. Newfoundland
	d. Massachusetts
	e. Oregon Country

.

Fill in the blank. Farrer’s map connected the Northwest Passage to _______________.

	a. The Pacific Ocean
	b. The Sea of China and the Indies
	c. Canada
	d. The Great Lakes
	e. Louisiana

.

Fill in the blank. Originally, Verrazano’s intention was to reach Cathay and ________________.

	a. Indonesia
	b. Japan
	c. The extreme eastern coast of Asia
	d. India
	e. Australia

.

Fill in the blank. The Amérique Septentrionale map depicts California as being ______________.

	a. West of Virginia
	b. West of Massachusetts
	c. West of New York
	d. Adjacent to Oregon
	e. An island

.

The Molyneux Map was famously cited in a play by who?

	a. Marlowe
	b. Shakespeare
	c. Bacon
	d. Chaucer
	e. Sidney

.

Why did Captain John Smith become involved in plans to colonize Virginia?

	a. He wanted to eradicate piracy in the New World.
	b. He sought profit through the Virginia Company.
	c. He was avoiding execution in London.
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both B and C

.

Why was the Northwest Passage significant?

	a. It offered a sea trade route around North America.
	b. It offered a new route to the trading nations of Asia.
	c. There was no sea route across North America.
	d. It encouraged exploration of North America.
	e. All of the above

.

Why was Verrazano looking for a strait to gain access to the Indian Ocean?

	a. French financiers and merchants wanted to expand their markets.
	b. Italian financiers and merchants wanted to expand their markets.
	c. He wanted to compete with Ferdinand Magellan.
	d. He wanted to conquer the Muslim world.
	e. None of the above

.

Why did Verrazano travel to the New World?

	a. To capture Spanish ships
	b. To capture French ships
	c. To find a passage to China
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both A and C

.

Amerindians most commonly traded pelts for which of the following?

	a. Copper
	b. Guns or gunpowder
	c. Food
	d. Rum
	e. Gold

.

Aztecs employed human sacrifice to do which of the following?

	a. Ensure the maintenance of the city-state
	b. Increase crop yield
	c. Encourage plentiful rainfall
	d. Maintain the universe
	e. All of the above

.

Europeans brought which of the following viruses to the New World?

	a. Smallpox
	b. Influenza
	c. Bubonic plague
	d. Hemorrhagic fevers
	e. All of the above

.

The history of St. Vincent involved which of the following?

	a. Colonization and conquest by Europeans
	b. Introduction of a foreign population
	c. Resistance by indigenous peoples
	d. Conflict between rival colonial powers and eventual control by one power
	e. All of the above

.

Virgin-soil epidemic describes which of the following?

	a. Catastrophic crop failures
	b. Spread of highly contagious diseases among those with no immunity
	c. Failure to rotate crops
	d. Illness among European settlers arriving in the New World
	e. None of the above

.

What caused about 80 percent of the Aztec Empire to become destroyed?

	a. Battles with Spanish conquistadors
	b. A smallpox epidemic
	c. Surrounding city-states
	d. Civil war
	e. Conflicts with the Incas

.

Why were gifts among Amerindians important?

	a. They signified fealty.
	b. They forged an alliance.
	c. They reflected respect.
	d. They encouraged commerce.
	e. They encouraged consumerism.

.

Why were St. Vincent’s inhabitants slow to adopt large sugar plantations?

	a. Because of an unsuitable geography
	b. Because of a lack of slave labor supply
	c. Because of continued strife between France and England
	d. Because of resistance from the Caribs
	e. Because of a lack of suitable harbors

.

What does the Amerindian word ouemichtigouchiou mean?

	a. A man who works with wood
	b. New visitor
	c. A sailor from the East
	d. Uncultured
	e. Fisherman

.

Although the birthplace of John Cabot is not precisely known, it was most likely which city?

	a. London
	b. Genoa
	c. Naples
	d. Lisbon
	e. Nantes

.

The Huron told Jacques Cartier about which land of gold and treasure?

	a. Hochelaga
	b. Saguenay
	c. Donnacona
	d. Anticosti
	e. None of the above

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The primary objective of New World explorers in the 1500s was to do which of the following?

	a. Plunder and conquer
	b. Convert native people to Christianity
	c. Discover new scientific discoveries
	d. Embrace new cultures
	e. All of the above

.

What was the source of historical accounts of Magellan’s voyages?

	a. Personal journals and correspondence
	b. Accounts by Antonio Pigafetta
	c. Records found in Lisbon
	d. Voyage logbooks
	e. None of the above

.

What was Vasco da Gama’s reason for circumnavigating Africa?

	a. To establish new trade routes
	b. To build a spice trade with the East Indies
	c. To convert Africans to Christianity
	d. To compete with the Spanish Empire
	e. All of the above

.

When Jacques Cartier landed in North America, why was he disappointed?

	a. The local Indians were hostile to Europeans.
	b. French reinforcements failed to arrive.
	c. He had not landed in China.
	d. The country was barren and inhospitable.
	e. All of the above

.

Why did Balboa join an expedition to the island of Hispaniola?

	a. To convert Indians to Christianity
	b. To profit through the Quinto Real
	c. To establish a slave-trading base
	d. To satisfy the wishes of the Viceroy at Veracruz
	e. All of the above

.

Why did John Cabot receive financial backing for his New World voyages from England?

	a. He was an English nobleman.
	b. He was a relative of Henry VII.
	c. He sought and received backing from England, because neither Spain nor Portugal endorsed Cabot’s voyages.
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both B and C

.

The Age of Exploration resulted in which of the following?

	a. New communication and trades routes being established
	b. The decimation and extinction of Native Americans
	c. Domination at the end of the 16th century by Spain
	d. Competition among European nations
	e. All of the above

.

Complete the following sentence. Between 1508 and 1511, the Spanish occupied all the following EXCEPT:

	a. Puerto Rico
	b. Jamaica
	c. Cuba
	d. Barbados
	e. Hispaniola

.

How was Spain able to control much of the Caribbean, large portions of the Americas, and parts of Africa by the mid-1500s?

	a. The Habsburg hegemony
	b. Minimum threats from other European powers
	c. European nations’ lack of interest in New World conquests
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both B and C

.

Queen Isabella wanted to expel which of the following groups from Spain in the 1400s?

	a. Jews
	b. Moors
	c. Huguenots
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both B and C

.

What did Spain want to do with the Indians in the New World?

	a. Exploit their labor
	b. Civilize them
	c. Convert them to Roman Catholicism
	d. Collect tribute from them
	e. All of the above

.

What epidemic disease first hit the Aztecs after the Spanish arrival?

	a. Measles
	b. Yellow Fever
	c. Malaria
	d. Smallpox
	e. Tuberculosis

.

Which European country was the first to export black Africans as slaves?

	a. Spain
	b. Portugal
	c. The Netherlands
	d. England
	e. France

.

Which of the following was true of Columbus’s first voyage?

	a. He plotted a course for Japan.
	b. He brought along an Arabic interpreter.
	c. He carried a letter intended for the “grand khan.”
	d. He intended to compete with Portugal for wealth in Asia.
	e. All of the above

.

Which of the following was true of Francisco Pizarro?

	a. He participated in slave raids.
	b. He was part of indigenous wars on the island of Hispanola.
	c. He led the conquest of the Incas.
	d. He was a wealthy encomendero in Panama.
	e. All of the above

.

Which of the following statements about the Council of the Indies is false?

	a. It regulated trade in the Americas.
	b. It appointed colonial officials.
	c. It regulated church affairs in the Americas.
	d. It monitored Spanish production.
	e. It was located in Veracruz.

.

Complete the following sentence. All the following were goals of the 1606 Jamestown expedition EXCEPT:

	a. Claiming North America for England.
	b. Searching for gold and silver.
	c. Cultivating tobacco.
	d. Establishing trade with the Indians.
	e. Harvesting natural land resources.

.

In 1585, who sponsored the settlement on Roanoke Island?

	a. James I
	b. The London Company
	c. The Virginia Company
	d. Sir Francis Drake
	e. Sir Walter Raleigh

.

In 1689, the Karankawa Indians attacked which French settlement on the Gulf of Mexico coast?

	a. Cap Rouge
	b. Fort St. Louis
	c. Fort Caroline
	d. St. Augustine
	e. Arcadia

.

In the 16th century, Florida was largely contested by which two European powers?

	a. England and France
	b. France and Spain
	c. Spain and Portugal
	d. England and Portugal
	e. France and Portugal

.

In the mid-1500s, the English primarily thought of North America as an area for which of the following?

	a. Piracy
	b. Settlement
	c. Sugar cultivation
	d. Tobacco cultivation
	e. Fur trading

.

King James of England chartered which of the following companies in 1606?

	a. The London Company
	b. The Plymouth Company
	c. The Royal African Company
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both B and C

.

When Captain John Smith arrived in New England in 1614, what was his primary goal?

	a. To hunt whales
	b. To forge alliances with local Indians
	c. To survey the land
	d. To prospect for silver
	e. None of the above

.

Why did the first French colony in Brazil fail?

	a. Because of warfare with local Indians
	b. Because of starvation of settlers
	c. Because of conflict with Portuguese settlers
	d. Because of continuing conflicts between Catholics and Protestants in France
	e. None of the above

.

What was the original goal of France’s first settlement in North America?

	a. It was to be commercial venture.
	b. It was to be a colony for French Huguenots.
	c. It was to be a penal colony.
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both B and C

.

Between 1531 and 1657, which of the following caused the major decline in the European population?

	a. The bubonic plague
	b. The Great Famine
	c. Religious wars
	d. The Age of Discovery
	e. The Columbian Exchange

.

Complete the following sentence. All of the following shaped Anglo-Dutch resistance to autocratic rule EXCEPT:

	a. Urbanization.
	b. Anti-absolutism.
	c. Decentralized states.
	d. Navigation Acts.
	e. Anti-Catholicism.

.

Complete the following sentence. All of the following characterized early Enlightenment thinkers EXCEPT:

	a. Deism.
	b. Humanism.
	c. Belief in progress.
	d. Criticism of routine tradition.
	e. Adherence to republican beliefs.

.

Complete the following sentence. As part of his mercantilist policies, Jean-Baptiste Colbert did all the following EXCEPT:

	a. Purchase Martinique.
	b. Levy tariffs on domestic manufactures.
	c. Establish trading “factories” in India.
	d. Prohibit the export of money.
	e. Encourage settlement in Louisiana and St. Domingue.

.

Complete the following sentence. During the early modern period, large middle-class populations existed in all the following EXCEPT:

	a. England.
	b. The Netherlands.
	c. Prussia.
	d. The Hanseatic League.
	e. City-states in Northern Italy.

.

In the early modern period, which of the following best defined “absolutism?”

	a. Leaders ruled by “divine right.”
	b. Sovereignty was embodied in a single person.
	c. Subjects were bound to obey the sovereign.
	d. Leaders were obligated to respect the fundamental laws of the land.
	e. All of the above

.

What were England’s Navigation Acts intended to be?

	a. A form of economic warfare
	b. A treaty with the Portuguese
	c. An entry into war with the French
	d. An economic compromise with the Spanish
	e. All of the above

.

Why did Spain decline as a world power?

	a. The Portuguese pushed Spain out of South America.
	b. Spain failed to enter the profitable Atlantic slave trade.
	c. The Spanish Armada was defeated by the English.
	d. The Netherlands defeated their Spanish occupiers.
	e. Spain’s population declined as a result of the bubonic plague and the Inquisition.

.

In the 1600s, why did the Dutch establish a trading post at Fort Orange?

	a. To facilitate their fur trade
	b. To establish a whaling trading network
	c. To compete with the Danish fur trade
	d. To facilitate the cod trade with Europe
	e. None of the above

.

As a result of the Edict of Nantes (1598), Catholics and which other group had parallel rights in New France?

	a. Pilgrims
	b. Puritans
	c. Calvinists
	d. Huguenots
	e. Anabaptists

.

At Sault Ste. Marie in 1671, the French laid claim to what region?

	a. Ohio
	b. Wisconsin
	c. Illinois
	d. New Orleans
	e. Kentucky

.

At the founding of New France, what action was viewed as essential to the colony’s survival?

	a. Ending the Iroquois fur blockade
	b. Defeating hostile British settlers
	c. Ending Indian raids on the colony
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both A and C

.

By the 1740s, traders in New France were competing with the British Hudson’s Bay Company over which commodity?

	a. Land
	b. Fur
	c. Indian alliances
	d. Fish
	e. Gunpowder

.

In 1635, what was the first company to obtain a monopoly on French trade with the Antilles?

	a. The Compagnie de Saint-Christophe
	b. The Royal Africa Company
	c. The Compagnie des Indes occidentales
	d. The Compagnie des Isles d’Amérique
	e. The Dutch West India Company

.

Why did Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet team up to explore the Mississippi River in the latter 1600s?

	a. To convert Indians to Christianity
	b. To enlarge the fur trade network
	c. To find the Northwest Passage
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both B and C

.

Why did the French claim the Mississippi River in 1682?

	a. To curb British expansion
	b. To destroy the native Indian powers
	c. To curb Spanish expansion
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both A and C

.

Why did the French sign a trade agreement with the Huron in 1609?

	a. To marginalize the hostile Mohawk
	b. To protect the settlement at Quebec
	c. To promote the French fur trade
	d. For the Huron’s high-quality furs
	e. All of the above

.

Complete the following sentence. In 1663, a new royal government in New France sought to do all the following EXCEPT:

	a. Compete with English colonies.
	b. Promote settlement.
	c. Encourage economic development.
	d. Introduce feudalism.
	e. Foster strong ties with Louis XIV’s French state.

.

Burnaby’s Code codified and expanded regulations in which fledgling colony in the Caribbean?

	a. Trinidad
	b. Nevis
	c. British Honduras
	d. Tobago
	e. British Guiana

.

In order to encourage settlement in New Netherland, which of the following was implemented in 1629?

	a. Plantation system
	b. Common system
	c. Patroon system
	d. Feudal system
	e. Slavery

.

In the early 1800s, which “castes” did NOT comprise Jamaican society?

	a. Free whites
	b. Black slaves
	c. Free people of color
	d. Indentured servants
	e. Convict servants

.

Slaves on the Mosquito Coast were primarily used for which of the following?

	a. Cutting sugarcane
	b. Harvesting coffee
	c. Growing tobacco
	d. Cutting logwood
	e. None of the above

.

What did South Carolina’s proprietors envision for their new colony?

	a. A trade monopoly
	b. A feudal society
	c. A utopian experiment
	d. A buffer between Virginia and Spanish Florida
	e. All of the above

.

What was the first commercial crop cultivated in Barbados?

	a. Sugar
	b. Indigo
	c. Breadfruit
	d. Ginger
	e. Tobacco

.

Why did Spanish interest in Jamaica eventually fade?

	a. There was no gold.
	b. The indigenous population was decimated.
	c. There was no silver.
	d. Cuba proved more profitable.
	e. None of the above

.

Why was there a labor shortage on plantations in British Guiana in the 1800s?

	a. Enslaved laborers were emancipated.
	b. Afro-Guyanese departed plantations.
	c. Imported Portuguese laborers pursued work in retail.
	d. Imported Chinese laborers gravitated toward the urban economy.
	e. All of the above

.

Why did the Pilgrims travel to the New World in 1619?

	a. To escape religious hostility in the Netherlands
	b. To escape religious persecution in England
	c. To avoid conflict with the Anabaptists
	d. To establish a trade monopoly in Massachusetts Bay
	e. None of the above

.

Complete the following sentence. All of the following were components of Bourbon reforms in New Spain EXCEPT:

	a. Higher taxes.
	b. Intendencias.
	c. Trade restrictions.
	d. Direct military control.
	e. The liberalization of commerce.

.

Complete the following sentence. In the Spanish Americas, the responsibilities of an encomendero included all the following EXCEPT:

	a. Christianization
	b. The welfare of indigenous people
	c. The assimilation into Spanish culture
	d. The provision of free labor
	e. The protection of the inhabitants

.

How did the Spanish conquer the Aztecs?

	a. The Spanish had superior firepower.
	b. The Spanish forged an alliance with tribal enemies of the Aztecs.
	c. The Aztecs were inundated with smallpox.
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both B and C

.

How did the Spanish crown seek to regulate the Peruvian economy in the 1500s?

	a. Through mercantilism
	b. Through the balance of trade
	c. Through the establishment of a feudal society
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both B and C

.

In the early 1500s, what was the main commodity exported from Brazil?

	a. African slaves
	b. Brazilwood
	c. Silver
	d. Sugar
	e. Indian slaves

.

What was the first royal judiciary body in New Spain called?

	a. Viceroy
	b. Audencia
	c. Quinto
	d. Peninsulares
	e. Casta

.

Which of the following statements about early Spanish Florida is false?

	a. A majority of the inhabitants were Native Americans.
	b. Corn production was an important part of the economic infrastructure.
	c. It was funded by the viceroyalty of New Spain.
	d. Most of the Spanish inhabitants were Franciscan monks.
	e. It did not provide a net profit to the Spanish crown.

.

Why was a new viceroyalty created in Rio de la Plata in 1776?

	a. As a result of the effects of the Age of Revolutions
	b. As a result of the effects of Bourbon Reforms
	c. To curb British and Portuguese expansion
	d. To drive out Dutch slave traders
	e. All of the above

.

During its early colonization of the Americas, why did Spain mandate that all trade pass through Veracruz?

	a. To control pirates
	b. To avoid excess taxes
	c. To control colonial trade
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both B and C

.

According to Gibbon Wakefield, why was slavery necessary in the Caribbean?

	a. Whites were not suited to the climate.
	b. It was a natural by-product of colonization.
	c. A proletariat would not develop.
	d. There was a labor shortage in the sugar islands.
	e. All of the above

.

Complete the following sentence. According to the Black Legend of the 1500s, the Spanish committed all of the following EXCEPT:

	a. Exploiting Indians.
	b. Stealing Indians’ gold and silver.
	c. Infecting Indians with disease.
	d. Sending Indians to Europe as chattel.
	e. Acting cruelly toward Indians.

.

In 1707, why were 1,000 Africans imported into French Louisiana?

	a. To stimulate economic growth
	b. To serve as mercenaries in wars with indigenous Indians
	c. To boost the profits of the John Law Company
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both A and C

.

In his 1537 account of a rebellion in New Spain, Antonio de Mendoza referred to which of the following?

	a. Blacks
	b. Spaniards
	c. Indians
	d. All of the above
	e. None of the above

.

In the early 17th century, why were Guiana Arawaks imported to Barbados?

	a. To cultivate tobacco and other crops
	b. Because of a labor shortage on the island
	c. Because of a lack of an established African slave trade
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both B and C

.

The presence of which of the following groups in early modern Spain shaped perceptions of slavery?

	a. Ethiopians
	b. Islamic Moors
	c. Slave traders
	d. Catholic missionaries
	e. None of the above

.

Which of the following precipitated the transition from encomienda to chattel slavery in colonial Hispaniola?

	a. Importation of bozales
	b. Decline of Tainos
	c. Portuguese slave raiding
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both B and C

.

Why did slavery flourish in most areas in early British North America?

	a. Slavery was more profitable than indentured servitude.
	b. Slavery was an adaptable system.
	c. Slaves became a valuable commodity.
	d. Britain had an increasing appetite for slave-grown produce.
	e. All of the above

.

In early America, why did colonists participate in the Indian slave trade?

	a. To compete with the African slave trade
	b. To repay debts in Europe
	c. To exterminate hostile Indian tribes
	d. To undermine enemy nations
	e. To fund economic expansion

.

King William’s War was caused by which of the following?

	a. Competition over the fur trade
	b. Competition over the fishing trade
	c. Religious conflict
	d. Competition for control of North America
	e. All of the above

.

Queen Anne’s War was fought for which purpose?

	a. To control the North American continent
	b. To control the Mississippi River
	c. To control access to the Gulf of Mexico
	d. To eradicate Indians
	e. None of the above

.

The Dutch East India Company commissioned Henry Hudson to do which of the following in the early 1600s?

	a. Find a trade route to China
	b. Claim Newfoundland for the Netherlands
	c. Establish New Netherland in North America
	d. Find a trade route to India
	e. Monopolize the Swedish fur trade

.

The unresolved conflicts of which of the following contributed to the onset of the French and Indian War?

	a. War of the Austrian Succession
	b. Queen Anne’s War
	c. The American Revolution
	d. The Anglo-Powhatan Wars
	e. King Philip’s War

.

What was the cause of King Philip’s War?

	a. Colonists’ hunger for land
	b. Enmity between colonists and local Indians
	c. Religious conflicts in Europe
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both B and C

.

What was the outcome of King George’s War in North America?

	a. Fort Louisbourg was returned to the French.
	b. Madras was returned to the British.
	c. Prewar colonial borders were restored.
	d. All of the above
	e. A and C only

.

Which of the following statements about France Antarctique is true?

	a. It was founded in 1555 as a haven for Huguenots.
	b. It was founded in 1555 as a haven for Catholics.
	c. It was founded in 1555 to defeat Brazilian slave catchers.
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both B and C

.

Which of the following statements about the French and Indian War is true?

	a. The French and Indian War was the culmination of over a century of Anglo-French conflict.
	b. The French and Indian War was primarily fought on frontiers.
	c. The French and Indian War was a global conflict.
	d. The French and Indian War was also known as the Seven Years’ War.
	e. All of the above

.

Which of the following was NOT a cause of the War of Jenkins’s Ear?

	a. British smuggling in Spanish colonies
	b. Spain’s seizure of British ships
	c. Spain’s confiscation of British ships in Spanish ports
	d. A dispute over the Spanish succession
	e. All of the above

.

Which of the following was a major issue in the period leading up to the Guarani War?

	a. The enslavement of Indians
	b. The role of missionaries in colonial governance
	c. The contest over land between Portugal and Spain
	d. The role of Guarani Indians in colonial society
	e. All of the above

.