Fill in the blank. The equation of continuity (mass conservation) reduces to for the special case of ________________.

	A. Steady state
	B. Constant density
	C. Constant temperature
	D. Constant velocity
	E. Constant pressure

.

Calculate the Reynolds number for water flowing through a 2-inch internal diameter pipe at a flow rate of 500 gallons/hour.

	A. 10
	B. 100
	C. 1000
	D. 10,000
	E. 100,000

.

Which group describes the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces?

	A. Re
	B. Pr
	C. Gr
	D. St
	E. Nu

.

Which group quantifies the ratio of thermal transfer and momentum transfer resistance in a fluid?

	A. Re
	B. St
	C. Gr
	D. Pr
	E. Sc

.

The ratio of convective heat transfer to conductive heat transfer is commonly represented by which of the following?

	A. Pr
	B. St
	C. Re
	D. Nu
	E. Gr

.

Fill in the blank. A reversible, adiabatic process may also be called ________________.

	A. Isentropic
	B. Isenthalpic
	C. Compressible
	D. Isobaric
	E. Isochoric

.

The modeling in this course is based upon which of the following?

	A. Classical Thermodynamics
	B. Statistical Mechanics
	C. Kinetic Theory
	D. Continuum Mechanics
	E. Both A and D

.

Which of the following best represents the spark-ignition automobile engine?

	A. Brayton cycle
	B. Diesel cycle
	C. Rankine cycle
	D. Carnot cycle
	E. Otto cycle

.

Which of the following is NOT a state variable?

	A. Pressure
	B. Temperature
	C. Specific volume
	D. Internal energy
	E. Flow rate

.

Which of the following is a state variable?

	A. Flow rate
	B. Diffusivity
	C. Reynolds number
	D. Gibbs free energy
	E. Location

.

Which of the following statements about a thermodynamic cycle is true?

	A. A thermodynamic cycle describes a process in which exhange of mass is used to perform work.
	B. A thermodynamic cycle describes a process in which pressure remains constant.
	C. A thermodynamic cycle describes a process in which pressure and temperature do not return to their initial values.
	D. A thermodynamic cycle describes a process in which net variation in state properties is non-zero.
	E. A thermodynamic cycle describes a process in which heat and/or work are exchanged with no net change in state variables.

.

For a thermodynamic cycle, the first law of thermodynamics implies which of the following?

	A. Net heat exchange is zero.
	B. Net heat input equals net work output.
	C. Net work input equals net heat output.
	D. Net work input equals net heat input.
	E. Both B and C

.

What is the most efficient thermodynamic cycle for interconverting work and heat commonly called?

	A. Diesel cycle
	B. Carnot cycle
	C. Rankine cycle
	D. Reversible cycle
	E. Heat engine cycle

.

Which of the following is a form of anemometry?

	A. Wind sock observations
	B. Laser doppler
	C. Particle imaging velocimetry
	D. Hot wire
	E. All of the above

.

Water flowing at 2 gallons per minute passes through a contraction from 1/2 inch internal diameter pipe to a 1/4 inch internal diameter pipe. Use Bernoulli's equation to calculate the pressure difference from immediately before the contraction to in the contraction. This pressure difference is defined as the pressure before the contraction minus the pressure in the contraction.

	A. 11 mm Hg
	B. 55 mm Hg
	C. 1120 mm Hg
	D. -1120 mm Hg
	E. -112 mm Hg

.

Water flowing at 10 gallons per minute passes through a contraction from 1 inch internal diameter pipe to a 1/2 inch internal diameter pipe. Use Bernoulli's equation to calculate the pressure difference from immediately before the contraction to immediately after the contraction. This pressure difference is defined as the pressure before the contraction minus the pressure after the contraction.

	A. 87 mm Hg
	B. 17.5 mm Hg
	C. 1750 mm Hg
	D. -17.5 mm Hg
	E. -175 mm Hg

.

Water flowing at 200 gallons per minute passes through an expansion from 2 inch internal diameter pipe to a 2.25 inch internal diameter pipe. Use Bernoulli's equation to calculate the pressure difference from immediately before the expansion to immediately after the expansion. This pressure difference is defined as the pressure before the contraction minus the pressure after the contraction.

	A. 110 mm Hg
	B. -56 mm Hg
	C. -1110 mm Hg
	D. 1110 mm Hg
	E. None of the above

.

In studying Bernoulii's equation and the forms for the relationship between pressure drop and flow rate for an orifice plate and venturi meter, the results can be summarized by which of the following statements?

	A. Q is proportional to pressure drop.
	B. Q is inversely proportional to pressure drop.
	C. Q is inversely proportional to the square root of pressure drop.
	D. Q is proportional to the square root of pressure drop.
	E. None of the above

.

What is the lowest absolute pressure that can exist?

	A. 14.7 psi
	B. -14.7 psi
	C. -29.4 psi
	D. 0 psi
	E. -1 atm

.

Air is flowing through a pipe with an internal diameter of 15 cm. It passes through an orifice of diameter 8 cm. The air density at the operating conditions is about 1.3 kg/m³. The observed pressure difference across the orifice is approximately 100 mm Hg, and the flow coefficient for the orifice is approximately 0.7. What is the mass flow rate of air?

	A. 0.506 kg/s
	B. 0.503 kg/s
	C. 6.5 kg/s
	D. 0.05 kg/s
	E. 0.65 kg/s

.

Water is flowing through a pipe with an internal diameter of 15 cm. It passes through an orifice of diameter 8 cm. The fluid density at the operating conditions is about 1000 kg/m³. The observed pressure difference across the orifice is approximately 100 mm Hg, and the flow coefficient for the orifice is approximately 0.7. What is the mass flow rate of water?

	A. 2 kg/s
	B. 8.1 kg/s
	C. 18 kg/s
	D. 180 kg/s
	E. 81 kg/s

.

A liquid with 5.3 times the density of water is used in a manometer. A pressure difference of 4 psi corresponds to how many mm head of this liquid?

	A. 53
	B. 530
	C. 5.3
	D. 5300
	E. 22

.

A liquid with a density 8 times that of water is used in a manometer. A pressure difference of 0.25 atm corresponds to how many mm head of that liquid?

	A. 32
	B. 3200
	C. 320
	D. -32
	E. 3.2

.

Which of the following best characterizes the inner channel of a rotameter?

	A. It is typically close to perfectly cylindrical.
	B. It is typically tapered from top to bottom.
	C. It is typically roughened to promote turbulence.
	D. It is typically notched for each flow rate increment.
	E. None of the above

.

A sharp crested, contracted, rectangular weir of length 12 ft and height 1 ft exhibits a head (h₀) of 2 inches of water. Calculate the water flow in ft³/s. Assume the head of velocity approach is small.

	A. 0.2 ft3/s
	B. 0.4 ft3/s
	C. 20 ft3/s
	D. 2.6 ft3/s
	E. 1 ft3/s

.

Which of the following statements about pump affinity laws is true?

	A. Pump affinity laws describe similarity to other pumps.
	B. Pump affinity laws describe cost versus performance.
	C. Pump affinity laws describe relationship of geometric variables and dynamic performance.
	D. Pump affinity laws describe dynamic head versus fluid viscosity.
	E. None of the above

.

When does cavitation occur?

	A. When vapor appears in the suction line
	B. When the net postive suction head at the pump input is less than the vapor pressure of the liquid
	C. When the liquid to be pumped begins to boil in the suction line
	D. All of the above
	E. None of the above

.

In considering the exits of two pumps or blowers configured in parallel, which of the following statements is true?

	A. The flow rates from the two pieces of equipment are equal.
	B. The total mass flow rate is the sum of the mass flow rates from each piece of equipment.
	C. The temperatures of the streams from each piece of equipment are equal.
	D. The pressures in the output streams from each piece of equipment are nearly equal.
	E. Both A and C
	F. Both B and D

.

In considering two pumps (1 and 2) connected in series, which of the following is true?

	A. The flow rates are the same in 1 and 2.
	B. The inlet pressures are the same for 1 and 2.
	C. The outlet pressures are the same for 1 and 2.
	D. The inlet pressure of one of the pumps is equivalent to the outlet pressure of the other pump.
	E. Both A and D

.

Fill in the blank. For both pumps and fans, the system resistance varies as the __________________.

	A. Square root of flow rate
	B. Cube root of flow rate
	C. Flow rate
	D. Flow rate squared
	E. Cube of flow rate

.

Air is moved through a conduit at a volumetric rate of 100 m³/min. The conditions are P=18 psi, T = 27°C. What is the mass flow rate of air in the conduit?

	A. 2.4 lb/min
	B. 2.4 g/s
	C. 2.4 kg/min
	D. 2.4 kg/s
	E. 2.4 kg/hr

.

Positive displacement pumps do which of the following?

	A. Produce a flow rate independent of operating speed
	B. Produce a flow rate independent of discharge pressure
	C. Produce a flow rate independent of suction head
	D. Usually require a relief or safety valve
	E. Both B and D

.

A centrifugal pump is used to lift water at five gallons per minute against a head of 50 feet of water. The efficiency of the pump is 70%. Approximately, what is the power required by the pump?

	A. 0.7 kW
	B. 0.07 kW
	C. 7 kW
	D. 70 kW
	E. 750 kW

.

A centrifugal pump is used to lift water at fifty gallons per minute against a head of 75 feet of water. The efficiency of the pump is 65%. Approximately, what is the power required by the pump?

	A. 0.1 kW
	B. 0.01 kW
	C. 1 kW
	D. 10 kW
	E. 100 kW

.

A centrifugal pump is used to lift water at 75 gallons per minute against a head of 175 feet of water. The efficiency of the pump is 75%. Approximately, what is the power required by the pump?

	A. 0.33 kW
	B. 3.3 W
	C. 3.3 hp
	D. 3.3 tons
	E. 3.3 kw

.

You have a pump that is using 8.5 kW of power to pump water at about 450 gallons per minute against a head of 32 psi. What is the operating efficiency of the pump?

	A. 93%
	B. 85%
	C. 79%
	D. 74%
	E. 65%

.

What is the primary difference between a pump and a blower or fan?

	A. Blowers have an unconstrained exit stream, and pumps do not.
	B. Blowers move gases, and pumps move liquids and gases.
	C. Pumps pressurize liquids, and blowers move gases.
	D. Pumps operate at lower pressures than blowers.
	E. Pumps operate on incompressible fluids, and blowers operate on compressible fluids.

.

One atmosphere of pressure corresponds to a water head of how many feet?

	A. 33.9 ft
	B. 3.39 ft
	C. 340 ft
	D. 3340 ft
	E. None of the above

.

Water flows through a 1 inch ID 90-degree elbow at 100 L/min. What is the pressure drop associated with the fitting?

	A. 3.3 Pa
	B. 2.2 Pa
	C. 2.2 kPa
	D. 3.7 kPa
	E. 440 kPa

.

Water flows through a 2 inch ID 90-degree elbow at 300 L/min. What is the pressure drop associated with the fitting?

	A. 1 psi
	B. 2.5 psi
	C. 0.25 psi
	D. 43 psi
	E. 10 psi

.

A fluid with density 0.78 g/cm³ and viscosity 2.3 cP flows at 1 gallon per minute through a 2 inch internal diameter pipe. The flow should be considered as which of the following?

	A. Turbulent
	B. Laminar
	C. Transitional
	D. None of the above
	E. All of the above

.

For gas flow in a pipe, as the pressure decreases downstream the gas velocity does which of the following?

	A. Remains constant
	B. Decreases
	C. Increases
	D. Doubles
	E. None of the above

.

A centrifugal pump can provide a flow of 20 L/min at a pressure of 20 psi above atmospheric pressure. What is the minimum pipe diameter () that can be used to carry water for 50 m?

	A. 5 cm
	B. 0.6 cm
	C. 2.0 cm
	D. 15 cm
	E. 7 cm

.

A centrifugal pump can provide flow of 100 L/min at 1.7 atm gauge. What is the minimum pipe diameter () that can be used to carry water under these conditions for 100 m?

	A. 1.4 cm
	B. 2.5 cm
	C. 3.9 cm
	D. 5.0 cm
	E. 1.1 cm

.

Important factors for choosing a pipe material include which of the following?

	A. Presence/absence of organic chemicals in the pipe environment
	B. Installation cost and lifetime
	C. Brittleness
	D. Ease of corrosion
	E. All of the above

.

Choose the best answer to the following question. How are pipe diameters most commonly specified and tabulated?

	A. Internal diameter
	B. Internal and external diameter
	C. External diameter (OD) and wall thickness
	D. External Diameter
	E. None of the above

.

A piece of analytical equipment employs very narrow diameter tubing to supply solvent (density = 0.9 g/cm³, viscosity = 0.78 cP) to a workstation at a flow rate of 5 ml/min. The internal diameter of the tubing is 1000m and the length of the tubing is 75 cm. What is the pressure drop in the tubing?

	A. 0.5 atm
	B. 1 atm
	C. 0.2 atm
	D. 0.02
	E. 5 atm

.

Water flows through a 3 inch internal diameter 75 ft long pipe at 0.1 gallon per minute. The surface roughness of the pipe is 0.02 cm. What is the pressure drop over the entire length of the pipe?

	A. 1.8 kPa
	B. 1800 Pa
	C. 17.6 Pa
	D. 1.16 Pa
	E. 0.18 Pa

.

Water flows through a 5 inch internal diameter pipe 50 m long at 5000 liters /min. The roughness of the pipe is characterized by /D = 0.002. What is the pressure drop over the entire length of pipe?

	A. 24 kPa
	B. 90 Pa
	C. 900 Pa
	D. 9 kPa
	E. 45 kPa

.

A fluid of density 0.83 g/cm³ and viscosity 1.8 cP flows through a 1 inch internal diameter pipe 50 m long at 80 kg/min. The roughness of the pipe is characterized by /D = 0.005. What is the pressure drop over the entire length of pipe?

	A. 112 kPa
	B. 269 Pa
	C. 2.69 Pa
	D. 524 kPa
	E. 262 kPa

.

Fill in the blank. Pressure drops for elements in series are _________________.

	a. Additive
	b. Multiplicative
	c. Equal
	d. Related reciprocally

.

A fluid with Cp = 4 kJ/kg K enters at point 1 at 3 kg/s and 10°C. It exits at point 3 at 15°C. Another fluid with Cp = 2 kJ/kg K enters at point 4 at 90°C and leaves at point 2 at 30°C. If the overall heat-transfer coefficient is estimated to be 1500 W/m² K, what is the area for heat transfer in m²?

	A. 0.96 m2
	B. 11.9 m2
	C. 0.85 m2
	D. 1.4 m2
	E. 0.75 m2

.

A fluid with Cp = 4 kJ/kg K enters at point 1 at 3 kg/s and 10°C. It exits at point 3 at 15°C. Another fluid with Cp = 2 kJ/kg K enters at point 4 at 90°C and leaves at point 2 at 30°C. If the inlet temperature of the cooling fluid increases to 20°C for a few days, what do you expect the exit temperature of cooled fluid to be during that time?

	A. 35°C
	B. 31°C
	C. 38°C
	D. 45°C
	E. 50°C

.

A fluid with Cp = 4 kJ/kg K enters at point 1 at 3 kg/s and 10°C. It exits at point 3 at 15°C. Another fluid with Cp = 2 kJ/kg K enters at point 4 at 90°C and leaves at point 2 at 30°C. If the inlet temperature of the cooling fluid increases to 30°C for a few days, what do you expect the exit temperature of cooled fluid to be during that time?

	A. 40°C
	B. 45°C
	C. 50°C
	D. 35°C
	E. 55°C

.

A fluid with Cp = 4 kJ/kg K enters at point 1 at 3 kg/s and 10°C. It exits at point 3 at 15°C. Another fluid with Cp = 2 kJ/kg K enters at point 4 at 90°C and leaves at point 2 at 30°C. What is the flow rate of the second fluid?

	A. 0.5 kg/s
	B. 2 kg/s
	C. 5 kg/s
	D. 1 kg/s
	E. 50 kg/s

.

A fluid with Cp = 4 kJ/kg K enters at point 1 at 3 kg/s and 10°C. It exits at point 3 at 15°C. Another fluid with Cp = 2 kJ/kg K enters at point 4 at 90°C and leaves at point 2 at 30°C. It is known that the area for heat transfer is 2 square meters. What is the overall heat transfer coefficient in W/m ²K?

	A. 715 W/m2K
	B. 800 W/m2K
	C. 615 W/m2K
	D. 0.715 W/m2K
	E. 1.43 W/m2K

.

A fluid with Cp = 4 kJ/kg K enters at point 1 at 3 kg/s and 10°C. It exits at point 3 at 15°C. Another fluid with Cp = 2 kJ/kg K enters at point 4 at 90°C and leaves at point 2 at 30°C. What is the total Q for the system?

	A. 60 kW
	B. 60 kJ/s
	C. 6 kW
	D. 6000 W
	E. Both A and B

.

The schematic depicts a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. If fluids enter at 1 and 2, then the flow configuration is said to be which of the following?

	A. Parallel
	B. Cocurrent
	C. Countercurrent
	D. Cross flow
	E. Both A and B

.

A fluid with Cp = 4 kJ/kg K enters at point 1 at 3 kg/s and 10°C. It exits at point 3 at 15°C. Another fluid with Cp = 2 kJ/kg K enters at point 4 at 90°C and leaves at point 2 at 30°C. What is the logarithmic-mean temperature difference in degrees C?

	A. 47.5°C
	B. 41.6°C
	C. 45.3°C
	D. 27.5°C
	E. 17.5°C

.

Calculate the Carnot coefficient of performance for a refrigeration system operating with a condenser temperature of 300°K and an evaporator temperature of 260°K.

	A. 6.5
	B. 0.15
	C. 6.0
	D. 0.2
	E. 10

.

A Carnot refrigerator operates between 30°C and -5°C. What is its COP?

	A. 0.1
	B. 0.027
	C. 7.7
	D. 7.3
	E. 0.03

.

A refrigerator with a COP of 3 is used to produce 1000 lbs/day of ice from water at 0°C. What is the minimum power required using this refrigerator?

	A. 60 W
	B. 6 W
	C. 600 W
	D. 6000 W
	E. 600 kW

.

Solvent pairs used for refrigeration-absorption include all of the following, EXCEPT:

	A. Ammonia-water.
	B. Lithium bromide-water.
	C. Lithium chloride-water.
	D. Water-sulfuric acid.
	E. Water-octane.

.

The power input for vapor absorption refrigeration systems is best described by which of the following?

	A. Electricity
	B. Motion
	C. Kinetic Energy
	D. Heat
	E. Fuel oil

.

Vapor compression refrigeration systems are most closely associated with which cycle?

	A. Rankine cycle
	B. Diesel cycle
	C. Carnot cycle
	D. Reverse Rankine cycle
	E. All of the above

.

For a vapor compression refrigeration operation, the enthalpies at the compressor input and output are 200 kJ/kg and 254 kJ/kg. The entropies are identical. The enthalpy at the evaporator input is 90 kJ/kg. What is the coefficient of performance?

	A. 2.04
	B. 0.49
	C. 2.49
	D. 0.51
	E. -1.1

.

For a vapor compression refrigeration operation, the enthalpies at the compressor input and output are 200 kJ/kg and 254 kJ/kg. The entropies are identical. The enthalpy at the evaporator input is 90 kJ/kg. What is the compressor work?

	A. 54 kJ/kg
	B. 108 kJ/kg
	C. 110 kJ/kg
	D. 164 kJ/kg
	E. 208 kJ/kg

.

For a vapor compression refrigeration operation, the enthalpies at the compressor input and output are 200 kJ/kg and 254 kJ/kg. The entropies are identical. The enthalpy at the evaporator input is 90 kJ/kg. What is the refrigeration effect (heat removed)?

	A. 110 kJ/kg
	B. 54 kJ/kg
	C. 108 kJ/kg
	D. 220 kJ/kg
	E. 400 kJ/kg

.

Calculate the maximum COP for a vapor absorption refrigeration system operating with a heat source (generator) at 90°C, a chiller temperature (absorber) of 5°C, and a condenser temperature of 30°C.

	A. 0.54
	B. 2.0
	C. 1.8
	D. 0.6
	E. 0.25

.

When are water-LiBr absorption systems for cooling useful?

	A. Only for providing cooling for temperatures above 0°C
	B. Only for providing cooling for temperatures above 200°K
	C. Only for very small-scale operations
	D. Only for very large-scale operations
	E. All of the above

.

Combustion of a fuel at 900°K at a rate of 2 kW produces steam at 500°K. The steam then produces 1 kW of work and rejects some heat to 300°K. What is the thermal (or first-law) efficiency of the process?

	A. 200%
	B. 100%
	C. 50%
	D. 5%
	E. None of the above

.

Combustion of a fuel at 900°K at a rate of 2 kW produces steam at 500°K . The steam then produces 500kW of work and rejects some heat to 300°K. What is the second-law efficiency (or efficiency compared to a Carnot engine) of the process?

	A. 38%
	B. 58%
	C. 25%
	D. 50%
	E. 100%

.

The first practical steam engine was produced about how many years ago?

	A. 100 years ago
	B. 300 years ago
	C. 700 years ago
	D. 900 years ago
	E. 1200 years ago

.

For an isentropic expansion of an ideal gas from state 1 to state 2, the relationship between temperatures and pressures can be written as which of the following?

	A.
	B.
	C.
	D.
	E.

.

For the same compression ratios, how do the efficiencies of the spark-ignition cycle (SI) and compression ignition cycle (CI) compare?

	A. SI > CI
	B. SI = CI
	C. SI >> CI
	D. CI >> SI
	E. CI > SI

.

Four states of an ideal Rankine cycle for an unknown fluid are shown in the table below. Calculate the turbine power for a fluid rate of 10 kg/s.

State	T(C)	P (kPa)	H(kJ/kg)	S (kJ/kg K)
1	300	1000	750	10
2	50	10	512	10
3	50	10	75	2
4	50	1000	75	2

	A. 2.4 MW
	B. 2.4 kW
	C. 24MW
	D. 24 kW
	E. 240 MW

.

Four states of an ideal Rankine cycle for an unknown fluid are shown in the table below. Which state corresponds to the turbine inlet conditions?

State	T(C)	P (kPa)	H(kJ/kg)	S (kJ/kg K)
1	300	1000	750	10
2	50	10	512	10
3	50	10	75	2
4	50	1000	75	2

	A. 1
	B. 2
	C. 3
	D. 4
	E. None of the above

.

A reciprocating, spark ignition, engine takes in an air-fuel mixture at 20°C. It has a compression ratio of 10. The air-to-fuel ratio is 12, and the heating value of the fuel is 60,000 kJ/kg. For an air standard cycle analysis, what is the highest temperature reached? You may assume C_v is approximately 0.7 kJ/kg K and C_p/C_v is approximately 1.4.

	A. 571° K
	B. 7879 °K
	C. 57,360°K
	D. 5000°K
	E. 7143° K

.

A reciprocating, spark ignition, engine takes in an air-fuel mixture at 20°C. It has a compression ratio of 10. The air-to-fuel ratio is 12, and the heating value of the fuel is 60,000 kJ/kg. For an air standard cycle analysis, what is the largest pressure reached? You may assume C_v is approximately 0.7 kJ/kg K and C_p/C_v approximately 1.4.

	A. 267 atm
	B. 25 atm
	C. 7.7 atm
	D. 136 atm
	E. 5000 atm

.

A reciprocating, spark ignition, engine takes in an air-fuel mixture at 20°C. It has a compression ratio of 10. The air-to-fuel ratio is 12, and the heating value of the fuel is 60,000 kJ/kg. For an air standard cycle analysis, what is the thermal efficiency? You may assume C_v is approximately 0.7 kJ/kg K and C_p/C_v is approximately 1.4.

	A. 82%
	B. 77%
	C. 66%
	D. 44%
	E. 60%

.

A reciprocating, spark ignition, engine takes in an air-fuel mixture at 20°C. It has a compression ratio of 10. The air-to-fuel ratio is 12, and the heating value of the fuel is 60,000 kJ/kg. For an air standard cycle analysis, what is the heat rejected to the surroundings? You may assume C_v is approximately 0.7 kJ/kg K and C_p/C_v is approximately 1.4.

	A. 1100 kJ/kg
	B. 3000 kJ/kg
	C. 1991 kJ/kg
	D. 912 kJ/kg
	E. 500 kJ/kg

.