According to Joesph Nye, which is true concerning the relationship between unilateralism and multilateralism?

	a. No issues faces by states are solved solely by universalism or multilateralism.
	b. Under all circumstances, a multilateral approach is superior to unilateral approach in solving collective good problems.
	c. Some issue are inherently multilateral in nature and are not well addressed by a unilateral approach.
	d. All of the above

.

Amnesty International is an example of a _____ because__________.

	a. IGO / its membership is made up only of states.
	b. state / its membership is made up of citizens.
	c. NGO / its membership is made up or citizens and not states.
	d. None of the above

.

An International Governmental Organization:

	a. does not have states as members.
	b. has states as members.
	c. is immune from international law.
	d. None of the above

.

Following the Treaty of Westphalia, no International Organizations appeared until the 19th century. Why is this the case?

	a. There was insufficient contact between states.
	b. There was little recognition of problems arising from interdependence among states.
	c. There was no perceived need for institutionalized mechanisms to manage international relations.
	d. All of the above

.

Following World War II, International Organizations:

	a. decreased in number.
	b. included the League of Nations.
	c. included the United Nations, the IMF, and World Bank.
	d. focused only on issues of human rights.

.

Global governance is most effective:

	a. when driven by hard power.
	b. when authoritarian.
	c. when it is more integrated than specialized.
	d. when it is unable to span national and sectorial boundaries.

.

Global governance:

	a. is a process of cooperative leadership that brings together national governments, multilateral public agencies, and civil society to achieve commonly accepted goals.
	b. involves only state actors.
	c. has become less relevant in the early 21st century.
	d. involves only non-state actors.

.

Multilateralism:

	a. is associated with the use of hard power by states.
	b. is always more effective in meeting states’ policy goals than unilateralism.
	c. is by definition ineffective when addressing global collective action problems.
	d. is a mechanism to get other countries to share the burden of providing public goods.

.

Several 21st century dynamics challenge global governance. These include:

	a. decreases in poverty.
	b. ad hoc attempts at multilateralism.
	c. increases in communication abilities.
	d. the reduction in the number of nation states in the international system.

.

Sources of international law include:

	a. international conventions and international customary law.
	b. general principles of law and highly qualified judicial decisions and teachings.
	c. A and B
	d. None of the above

.

The most important International Organization today is the:

	a. United Nations.
	b. Organization of American States.
	c. The World Bank
	d. Red Cross

.

What was the major contribution of the League of Nations to the history of International Organizations?

	a. It established the concept of sovereignty.
	b. It was the first example of collective security in the history of the international system.
	c. It established the World Bank.
	d. It established the Doha Round and the World Trade Organization.

.

What was the primary focus of International Organizations in the 19th century?

	a. Aversion of war.
	b. Outlawing slavery.
	c. Coordinating increased economic interdependence.
	d. All of the above

.

Why was The Treaty of Westphalia important?

	a. It established the principle of national sovereignty.
	b. It established the first real ordering principal among states.
	c. It provided the basis for a horizontal international order necessary for the development of international organizations.
	d. All of the above

.

Why was the “Congress system” that arose out of the Congress of Vienna a turning point in the history of international relations and International Organizations?

	a. It created a systematic and institutionalized approach to managing issues of war and peace in the international system.
	b. It established the United Nations.
	c. It solved the collective goods problem that face states in the international system.
	d. It introduced the concept of deterrence to international politics.

.

A focus on ‘masculinized cultures’ and its impact on International Organizational behavior would draw from which theoretical tradition?

	a. Feminism
	b. Marxism
	c. Realism
	d. Liberalism

.

According to regime theory:

	a. cooperation is not compatible with state behavior.
	b. decentralized cooperation can be an equilibrium outcome.
	c. only zero sum games apply to International Organizations.
	d. states always cooperate via International Organizations.

.

Contemporary themes in International Relations drawn from Marxism include:

	a. the theory of the Prisoner’s Dilemma.
	b. the theory of collective action.
	c. the theory of group think in International Organizations.
	d. the theory of imperialism.

.

For constructivists, the following is true:

	a. Only states matter in the international systems.
	b. Norms and identity are key to explaining outcomes in the international system.
	c. NGOs have little impact on the international system.
	d. The role of socialization is minimal in understanding the behavior of International Organizations.

.

Functionalists maintain that International Organizations:

	a. are born out of normative concerns.
	b. are driven initially by norms and identity.
	c. are first formed out of necessity to solve collective goods problems.
	d. All of the above

.

How would a Feminist oriented scholar focus on International Organizations?

	a. He would examine the role of formal interactions only.
	b. He would focus exclusively on the role of class in shaping the character of International Organizations.
	c. He would focus on intrastate balance of power issues.
	d. He would focus on the role of gender roles in shaping the international system and International Organizations.

.

In Realist theory:

	a. the primary actor is the citizen.
	b. the primary actor is the state.
	c. the primary actor are IGOs.
	d. states will never act in their best interest.

.

International Organizations are essential in promoting norms in the international system that sometimes do not serve the interests of powerful states. This statement is theoretically drawn from which of the following?

	a. Constructivism
	b. Marxism
	c. Feminism
	d. World System Theory

.

International Organizations perpetuate laws, ideas, and conditions that support the interests of the transnational capitalist class. This statement is theoretically drawn from which of the following?

	a. Neoliberal Institutionalism
	b. Neo-Marxism
	c. Regime Theory
	d. Constructivism

.

Liberal Internationalism, Liberalism, and Neoliberal theory contend:

	a. that International Organizations have no agency and power separate of the interests of states.
	b. that International Organizations exhibit a vital role in a world characterized by zero sum games.
	c. that International Organizations do little to promote trust and reciprocity among states.
	d. that International Organizations play a vital role in an international system characterized by complex interdependence.

.

Realist theory argues:

	a. that International Organizations have agency and power separate of the interests of states.
	b. that International Organizations are merely the extension of powerful state interests.
	c. that International Organizations have eclipsed states as the most important actor in the international system.
	d. that International Organizations play a vital role in an international system characterized by complex interdependence.

.

Regime theory explains cooperation as follows.

	a. States seek relative, rather than absolute gains.
	b. States only have short term time horizons.
	c. States act exactly like economic actors who seek wealth.
	d. All of the above

.

Regime theory is built on the following two concepts:

	a. Capitalism and poverty.
	b. Gender and oppression.
	c. Interdependence and institutions.
	d. Zero sum games and hegemony.

.

Which of the following is true concerning the primary actor in Liberal oriented IR theory?

	a. The primary actors is the state.
	b. The primary actor has short time horizons in calculating cost/benefit analysis.
	c. The primary actor has both short and long time horizons when calculating cost/benefit analysis.
	d. The primary actor can never cooperate.

.

Which of the following statements is true concerning Dependency Theory and its understanding of International Organizations?

	a. We should expect International Organizations to reinforce an unequal global status quo.
	b. We should expect International Organizations to undermine an unequal global status quo.
	c. We should expect International Organizations to represent the interests of the global South.
	d. All of the above

.

According functionalist theory, the European Union had its origins in:

	a. a multilateral desire to overcome the tensions that remained following World War II in Europe.
	b. attempts by European states to better integrate trade and their economies. .
	c. a desire to build a European identity.
	d. None of the above

.

Bretton Woods institutions include:

	a. the IMF and World Bank.
	b. the United Nations and World Trade Organization.
	c. the World Bank and World Trade Organization.
	d. the IMF and the United Nations.

.

For critics of the WTO, there is concern that:

	a. its ruling on domestic trade disputes supports national sovereignty.
	b. the institution does not support free trade.
	c. the institution is focused on unilateralism rather than multilaterialism.
	d. its ruling on domestic trade disputes undermines national sovereignty.

.

Multipurpose IGOs include:

	a. the International Red Cross.
	b. the World Bank.
	c. the United Nations.
	d. Amnesty International.

.

Single purpose IGOs include:

	a. the IMF.
	b. GreenPeace.
	c. the United Nations.
	d. multinational corporations.

.

Specific to issues of global governance, both the World Bank and IMF are controversial due to the fact that:

	a. their decisions always favor rich nations over poor nations.
	b. poor states have no representation in either institution.
	c. voting share in each institution is proportional to amount of money contributed producing a dynamic where rich states have a higher share of votes than poor states.
	d. All of the above

.

Specific to issues of global governance, in WTO trade negotiations, poor countries are often concerned about the fact that rich countries:

	a. subsidize agriculture and textile production.
	b. have not opened up their service sectors.
	c. do not enforce intellectual property rights.
	d. have not reduced tariff on manufacturing goods since the WTO was formed.

.

Specific to issues of global governance, in WTO trade negotiations, rich countries are often concerned about the fact that poor countries:

	a. subsidize agriculture and textile production.
	b. have not opened up their service sectors.
	c. do not enforce intellectual property rights.
	d. have not reduced tariff on manufacturing goods since the WTO was formed.

.

Specific to regional governance issues, one of the biggest impediments to European Union stability is that member states:

	a. are asked to coordinate monetary policy but not fiscal policy.
	b. have not developed continent wide military force.
	c. must deal with low unemployment and low educational attainment.
	d. All of the above

.

The International Monetary Fund:

	a. coordinates international currency exchange and give short term loans for countries in economic crisis.
	b. makes long term development loans to poor countries.
	c. negotiates free trade agreements.
	d. regulated international environmental standards.

.

The Organization of American States is characterized by:

	a. little discord around policy issues related to Cuba.
	b. sporadic tension between the United States and other members from Latin America and the Caribbean.
	c. a focus solely on human rights.
	d. a focus primarily on economic issues.

.

The World Bank does which of the following?

	a. Coordinates international currency exchange and give short term loans for countries in economic crisis.
	b. Makes long term development loans to poor countries.
	c. Negotiates free trade agreements.
	d. Regulated international environmental standards.

.

The World Trade Organization (WTO):

	a. gives out developmental loans to poor countries.
	b. is a global IGO designed to promote, monitor, and adjudicate international trade.
	c. does not engage with most favored nation concept in interstate trade negotiations.
	d. has not been successful in reducing global tariff levels.

.

What undermines cohesion among member states in OPEC?

	a. Members have different alliances and relationships with Western oil consuming states.
	b. Oil production increases have lowered prices.
	c. China’s rising influence as an oil producer.
	d. None of the above

.

Which of the following is a regional IGO?

	a. The Organization of American States
	b. The United Nations
	c. The World Trade Organization
	d. The International Monetary Fund

.

Which of the following is a sub-regional IGO?

	a. The Organization of American States
	b. African Union
	c. The Economic Community of West African States.
	d. The European Union

.

Which of the following statements is true concerning the European Union?

	a. All members of the European Union must adopt the euro currency.
	b. The European Union currently has 20 members.
	c. The European Union has created a common market for its members.
	d. The European Union did not grow with collapse of Communism.

.

A For the first time, a small group of wealthy nations has pledged to reduce poverty.

	a. It ignores issues of development.
	b. It ignores issues of gender equity.
	c. 189 countries have signed up to significantly reduce global poverty by 2015.

.

A lobbying Security Council members around issues of international peace.

	a. outlining environmental issues.
	b. linking those working on national, regional, and global food initiatives.
	c. supporting work focused on limiting modern day slavery.

.

A Multilateral and multifaceted.

	a. Unilateral.
	b. Unconcerned with collective public goods.
	c. Focused on short term environmental benefits only.

.

All states that are members of the United Nations are also members of the:

	a. General Assembly.
	b. Security Council.
	c. Secretariat.
	d. International Court of Human Rights.

.

How has the Committee on the Rights of the Child recently strengthened the ability of children to challenge domestic law?

	a. It now allows individual children to submit complaints regarding specific violations of their rights.
	b. It now allows children to take their cases to the World Court.
	c. It now allows individual children to take their cases to the International Criminal Court.
	d. It now allows children to take their cases to the Security Council.

.

In what ways has the United Nations improved global human rights since its creation?

	a. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights has served as one pillar of international law focused on issues of human torture and government abuse.
	b. It has broadened human rights to include issues focused on economic security.
	c. It has passed laws drawing attention to issues of government genocide.
	d. All of the above

.

Some calls for reform of the Security Council to better serve collective security include:

	a. decreasing the number of permanent members.
	b. increasing the ability of the Secretary General to veto Security Council decisions.
	c. increasing the number of permanent members.
	d. None of the above

.

The current Secretary General of the United Nations is:

	a. Ban Ki-moon.
	b. Hillary Clinton.
	c. Kofi Annan.
	d. U Thant.

.

The five permanent members of the Security Council of the United Nations include:

	a. China, United States, United Kingdom (Britain), France, and Germany.
	b. Russia, USA, United Kingdom (Britain), Germany, and India.
	c. Russia, China, USA, United Kingdom (Britain), and France.
	d. Russia, China, USA, United Kingdom (Britain), and Italy.

.

The General Assembly, rather than the Security Council, has the power to:

	a. enforce international law.
	b. approve the budget of the United Nations.
	c. veto international police actions.
	d. remove justices from the World Court.

.

The International Labor Organization focuses on three primary constituents in promotion of global job growth and economic security. These include:

	a. Labor unions, corporations, and religious institutions.
	b. Corporations, government, and the non-profit sector.
	c. Employers, unions, and government.
	d. None of the above

.

The Security Council of the United Nations:

	a. can pass a resolution with seven votes.
	b. is comprised of five permanent members and ten rotating members.
	c. will veto a resolution if one permanent member votes against it.
	d. All of the above

.

The United Nations:

	a. was founded after World War II.
	b. has six primary organs including the Security Council and the General Assembly.
	c. promotes multilateralism.
	d. All of the above

.

What are the roles of the General Assembly and Security Council regarding the Secretary- General?

	a. The General Assembly appoints the Secretary General upon recommendation from the Security Council.
	b. The Security Council appoints the Secretary General upon recommendation from the General Assembly.
	c. The Security Council has no role concerning the Secretary General.
	d. The General Assembly has no role concerning the Secretary General.

.

What is a primary role of the General Assembly of the United Nations?

	a. It considers and makes recommendations on the general principles of cooperation for maintaining international peace and security.
	b. It enforces international law.
	c. It approves international police actions.
	d. It adjudicates breaches of international law.

.

What is the primary institutional role of the Secretary General?

	a. The Secretary General vetoes or approves Security Council resolutions.
	b. The Secretary General vetoes or approves General Assembly resolutions.
	c. The Secretary General is the chief administrative officer of the United Nations.
	d. The Secretary General presents annual budgets to the General Assembly for approval.

.

What is the primary role of the Security Council of the United Nations?

	a. It considers and makes recommendations on the general principles of cooperation for maintaining international peace and security.
	b. It established peacekeeping operations, international sanctions, and the authorization of military action.
	c. It oversees global trade negotiations.
	d. It adjudicates breaches of international law.

.

What is the primary role of the World Health Organization?

	a. Coordination of public health policy in the developing world.
	b. Coordination of public health policy and initiatives in the United Nations system.
	c. Coordination of mental health issues only.
	d. None of the above

.

Which of the following accurately captures current critiques of the United Nations in respect to collective security?

	a. The General Assembly has too much power in international peace keeping efforts.
	b. The structure of the Security Council favors the interests of a powerful minority of states over a less powerful majority.
	c. The structure of the Security Council favors the interests of a powerful majority of states over a less powerful minority.
	d. The Secretary General should be granted veto power over Security Council.

.

Why is CEDAW significant in regard to women’s rights?

	a. It has broadened women’s rights to include issues focused on religious freedom.
	b. It is the only human rights treaty which affirms the reproductive rights of women.
	c. It has passed laws drawing attention to issues of genital mutilation.
	d. It has been accepted by all member states as the foundation of domestic anti-discrimination laws.

.

With respect to collective security:

	a. the General Assembly has assumed a larger role in peace keeping activities in the last decade.
	b. the United Nations no longer support international peace keeping forces.
	c. the Security Council remains the primary.
	d. It now allows children to take their cases to the Security Council.

.

Among some INGOs, there is concern that increased access and participation in the United Nations could:

	a. undermine their ability to act impartially.
	b. increase the power of the General Assembly.
	c. increase the power of the Secretary General.
	d. rewrite international law.

.

As demonstrated by International Women for Women, present day INGOs focused on women’s issue argue that:

	a. a singular focus is most effective in promoting the status of women.
	b. women play a non-vital role in the social and economic health of communities.
	c. women are an integral and foundational component of a healthy global society.
	d. social issues, rather than economic issues, are the most important.

.

As demonstrated in the Greenpeace case, the office of the Secretary General sees INGOs as:

	a. unimportant and unable to influence public opinion.
	b. an important and fundamental to changing global norms.
	c. naïve.
	d. All of the above

.

As seen with the case of Amnesty International and the United Nations, human rights INGOs:

	a. have the most effective influence on the General Assembly.
	b. have the most effective influence on the Security Council.
	c. have the most effective influence on the Secretary General.
	d. have no influence.

.

INGOs play a unique role in international governance in that they:

	a. represent state based interests.
	b. always promote policies more congruent with local preferences.
	c. serve as “norm entrepreneurs” and push states and individuals to change policy.
	d. represent IGO interests.

.

INGOs:

	a. have seen their numbers increase since World War II.
	b. are not affiliated with nation-states.
	c. are seen as a counterpoints of power to IGOs.
	d. All of the above

.

INGOs:

	a. focus only on human rights law.
	b. are diverse in their focus areas.
	c. only exist in rich countries.
	d. play no substantial part in shaping international norms and values.

.

The general consensus concerning how INGOs can be most effective includes the idea that:

	a. horizontal, multitasking approaches work best to address issues.
	b. vertical approaches work best to address issues.
	c. INGOs are only able to function in democratic societies.
	d. INGOs are only able to function in authoritarian societies.

.

Which of the following accurately describes the unique role of INGOs?

	a. Their impartiality relative to member state preference allows them to take on issues that nation states or IGOs are unable to address.
	b. They only are effective with global environmental issues.
	c. Their lobbying efforts undermine collective goods.
	d. Their reduced numbers has produced concentrated circles of decision making within the global governance community.

.

Which of the following statement accurately describes the relationship between human rights INGOs and state authorities in the African and Middle East region?

	a. INGOs are seen as allies and important to state authorities.
	b. INGOs are seen as supporting state authorities in promoting democracy.
	c. INGOs are seen as undercutting state authorities and are deemed dangerous to national security.
	d. INGOs are seen as representing growing Chinese influence in the region.

.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the impact of INGOs on international governance in the last three decades?

	a. They have had little impact on international governance.
	b. INGOs have seen their influence and leverage increase due in part to globalization.
	c. INGOs have seen their influence and leverage decrease due in part to globalization.
	d. All of the above

.

With respect to the United Nations, INGOs:

	a. are unable to participate.
	b. may be granted “observer status” and participate at various levels short of voting.
	c. have seen their influence decrease in the era of globalization.
	d. have informally taken over the role of the Security Council.

.

As seen in the AAAS case, epistemic communities see one of their primary roles as:

	a. supporting the United Nations.
	b. highlighting human rights abuses that target scientists.
	c. reforming the International Criminal Court.
	d. redefining global educational standards.

.

Based on current trends in global economics and information communication, we would expect that the influence of TNGOs will ________ over the next twenty years.

	a. decrease
	b. increase
	c. stay the same
	d. increase, then decrease

.

Based on the evidence from “Fair Trade” movements, what can we conclude about TNGO impact on economic issues?

	a. They have undermined local and regional attempts to improved labor conditions.
	b. They have become more powerful that transnational corporations in setting global economic policy.
	c. They have supported ruling handed down by the World Trade Organization.
	d. They have raised awareness, particularly in rich countries, on living and labor conditions across much of the developing world.

.

Epistemic communities:

	a. are transnational “knowledge networks.”
	b. are focused strictly on scientific advance.
	c. are sub-regional in origin.
	d. None of the above

.

How has transnationalizing capitalism (“globalization”) shaped TNGOs?

	a. It has had no impact on TNGOs.
	b. It has reduced the number of issues that TNGOs focus on.
	c. It has increased the number of issues that TNGOs focus on, particularly around labor rights and working conditions.
	d. All of the above

.

How have TNGOs impacted international governance?

	a. Their increasing power organized outside the nation-state system challenges state based authority.
	b. Their decreasing power has strengthened INGOs.
	c. TNGOs have had no impact on international governance.
	d. None of the above

.

Terrorist organizations, as TNGOs, have:

	a. reinforced the power of the state in international governance.
	b. undermined the concept of asymmetrical, illegitimate collective violence in pursuit of political goals.
	c. reinforce the concept of asymmetrical, illegitimate collective violence in pursuit of political goals that stands outside or above the nation-state.
	d. None of the above

.

TNGOs differ from INGOs in what respect?

	a. They have had little impact on international governance.
	b. The number of TNGOs has decreased while the number of INGOs has increased.
	c. TNGOs work across national boundaries and by definition could exist without states.
	d. TNGOs only impact international human rights and environmental standards.

.

Why are epistemic communities important?

	a. They undermine state and INGO authority.
	b. They are the foundation of transnational scientific collaboration.
	c. They are the source of human rights norms.
	d. They reinforce state authority.

.

Based on the evidence, the effectiveness of INGOs since WW II in impacting policy choices in wealthy states:

	a. is varied.
	b. is uniform.
	c. is decreasing.
	d. None of the above

.

How has the growth of INGOs and IOs increased the influence of domestic based NGOs?

	a. INGOs and IOs provide potential resources for domestic NGOs that previously didn’t exist.
	b. INGOs and IOs compete with domestic NGOs.
	c. INGOs and IOs regard domestic NGOs as unimportant to issues of global governance.
	d. None of the above

.

How has the relative decline of US power and hegemony reshaped global governance?

	a. It has had no impact on global governance.
	b. It has weakened global norms supportive of liberal, integrated, and multilateral governance.
	c. It has strengthened global norms supportive of liberal, integrated, and multilateral governance.
	d. None of the above

.

How has the relative increase of Chinese power and hegemony reshaped global governance?

	a. It has had no impact on global governance.
	b. It has weakened global norms supportive of liberal, integrated, and multilateral governance.
	c. It has strengthened global norms supportive of liberal, integrated, and multilateral governance.
	d. None of the above

.

The United Nations has been a key INGO responsible for the increased influence of domestic NGOs. Why?

	a. It has placed NGO observers on the Security Council.
	b. It has incorporated domestic NGOs into peace keeping operations.
	c. It has funded NGO projects and supported NGO capacity building.
	d. None of the above

.

What IGO has played a key role in the post 2008 era in reshaping norms around what constitutes appropriate economic development and the role of NGO and INGOs in achieving this goal?

	a. The IMF
	b. The ICC
	c. The WTO
	d. The Security Council

.

What is the impact of the G-20 on INGOs and NGOs focused on problems in the developing world?

	a. Given that the G-20 represents only Western states, it has raised the profile of INGOs and NGOs in rich countries.
	b. It has little impact on INGO and NGO influence in global governance outcomes.
	c. The G-20’s focus on increasing protectionism has reframed trade issues that resonates with INGOs and NGOs in the global South.
	d. Given that the G-20 represents in part emerging economies, it has raised the profile of INGOs and NGOs in poor and middle income countries.

.

When state based institutions are expanding, they offer an opportunity for INGOs to increase their influence. Why is this?

	a. Increased state capacity allows for less communication among citizen groups.
	b. Increased state capacity often translates into decreased political opportunity structures.
	c. Increased state capacity often translates into increased political opportunity structures.
	d. Capacity of state based institutions had no impact on the influence of INGOs.

.

Which of the following factors has not increased the power of INGOs and NGOs since World War II?

	a. The United Nations
	b. The end of the Cold War
	c. Globalization
	d. None of the above

.

Which of the following is a primary variables currently undermining successful global governance?

	a. Strong leadership in the United Nations
	b. The internet
	c. Globalization
	d. Crisis of representation in IGOs

.

Why does the Doha Round represent current tensions in global governance and international organizations?

	a. It demonstrates the growing power of voices and interests of the global South previously ignored or downplayed.
	b. It demonstrates the growing power of voices and interests of the global North previously ignored or downplayed.
	c. It demonstrates the growing power of the United States to unilaterally dictate global governance norms.
	d. It demonstrates the growing power of China to unilaterally dictate global governance norms.

.