A study looking at how certain components of multi-faceted treatment programs work in a highly controlled laboratory environment is an example of which of the following?

	a. translational research
	b. applied research
	c. basic research
	d. generalizable research

.

According to your readings, which of the following are included in the criteria for when one can contemplate a replication study?

	a. The original research question is significant and has the potential to contribute to the body of knowledge supporting the discipline.
	b. Replication has the potential to empirically support the findings of the original study, either by extending their generalizability or by clarifying issues raised by the original findings.
	c. The researcher has expertise in the subject area and has access to sufficient information relating to the original study to be able to design a replication.
	d. All of the above are included in the criteria.

.

All of the following are possible operationalizations of success of people working in sales departments EXCEPT:

	a. Achievement
	b. Salary
	c. Self-reported job satisfaction
	d. Sales figures

.

How did the results of Jerry Burger’s partial replication of Milgram’s obedience studies compare with Milgram’s original results?

	a. Obedience rates in the 2006 replication were slightly higher than they were 45 years earlier.
	b. Obedience rates in the 2006 replication were slightly lower than they were 45 years earlier.
	c. Obedience rates in the 2006 replication were the same as they were 45 years earlier.
	d. Obedience rates in the 2006 replication were significantly lower than they were 45 years earlier.

.

If you were conducting an online study about sexual behavior, which of the following would be possible risks to participants?

	a. Physical harm, deception, and psychological harm
	b. Psychological harm, as well as social and/or economic harm
	c. Invasion of privacy and deception
	d. All of the above are possible risks in this study.

.

Takano’s and Sogon’s replication study found that Japanese students conformed ___________.

	a. more than American students
	b. less than American students
	c. a similar amount as American students
	d. more than American students, but only in in-groups

.

To the participant, a study involving covert observation has the potential risk for which of the following?

	a. Invasion of privacy
	b. Breach of confidentiality
	c. Physical harm
	d. All of the above are possible potential risks to consider.

.

What is the appropriate risk/benefit ratio you would hope to arrive at when conducting a risk assessment of your research project?

	a. 10:1
	b. 2:1
	c. There should be no risks involved in your research project.
	d. There is not a specific ratio; it is a specific ethical judgment made by individual review boards and researchers.

.

What is wrong with the following hypothesis: “Good children are less likely to drop out of college when they get older”?

	a. It is too vague.
	b. It has already been answered.
	c. It is too specific.
	d. It is unclear how “good” is operationalized.

.

What made Jerry Burger’s study a partial replication rather than full replication of Milgram’s obedience studies, which began in 1961?

	a. The highest voltage the participants gave was 150 volts rather than 450 volts.
	b. Participants were screened before partaking in the experiment.
	c. Participants were told three times that they could withdraw from the study and still be rewarded for their participation.
	d. All of the above are reasons why it was a partial replication.

.

What type of research focuses on bringing findings from laboratory experiments to an applied setting?

	a. Translational research
	b. Useful research
	c. Basic research
	d. Clinical research

.

What was the purpose of Takano’s and Sogon’s replication study?

	a. To find out if the results Asch obtained in 1956 would still hold true today
	b. To find out if Japanese participants would display the same behaviors in Asche’s experiment as American participants
	c. To disprove Asch’s original findings
	d. To support Asch’s original findings

.

Which of the following are possible potential risks to consider when conducting research involving human subjects?

	a. Social and Economic harms
	b. Breach of confidentiality
	c. Psychological harm
	d. All of the above are possible potential risks to consider.

.

Which of the following describe a review article?

	a. An empirical article that specifically describes a study
	b. An empirical article that includes a literature review
	c. A published literature review that surveys key studies done in a certain area
	d. A published critique of a particular study

.

Which of the following describes a “line of research”?

	a. All of the research on a particular topic
	b. Research on a particular topic done at a particular point in time
	c. A particularly well-researched area
	d. A series of studies done by the same individual or laboratory

.

Which of the following is an example of translational research?

	a. An article in a popular magazine summarizing the contents of a scholarly journal article
	b. A study in which one concept or measure is tested using another language
	c. A study in which individual treatment components previously studied in laboratory settings are tested on a clinical population
	d. Both B and C are examples of translational research.

.

Which of the following would be the best example of a characteristic of study that would be considered a “minimal risk” to the participant?

	a. Deceiving a participant by temporarily leading him to believe he was accepted into the graduate school of his choice
	b. Deceiving a participant by temporarily leading him to believe his spouse was cheating on him
	c. Deceiving a participant by temporarily leading him to believe he did poorly on a computer task
	d. Persuading a participant to partake in behaviors that are against his strongly held religious beliefs

.

Why is it important to conduct a thorough literature review of your topic before conducting a study?

	a. So you do not accidentally repeat a study that has already been done
	b. To find scales and measures previous researchers have used
	c. To develop a thorough understanding of your topic
	d. All of the above are reasons why it is important to conduct a thorough literature review of your topic before conducting a study.

.

Your readings described a replication of Kenneth Clark’s study that looked at what “race” of dolls students preferred to play with. Which of the following would be a primary reason why a student would choose to replicate that experiment 40 years later?

	a. To see if the results would be the same in the current time
	b. To see if the results would apply to a different group of children
	c. To see if the results would apply using a different set of dolls
	d. None of the above

.

Based on your readings, two important guidelines to follow when choosing a research topic are to make sure that you have adequate resources to complete the process and that your topic _______.

	a. is neither too broad nor too narrow.
	b. is as broad as possible.
	c. is as narrow and specific as possible.
	d. has never been researched before.

.

A study comparing the effects of a treatment on one group with the effects of a different treatment on a comparison group could be called a ____________.

	a. within subjects design
	b. between subjects design
	c. longitudinal design
	d. comparable design

.

According to what you have learned in this course, when doing research, which type of articles should you read first?

	a. Easier articles
	b. More difficult articles
	c. Empirical articles
	d. Recent articles

.

After you have identified a couple articles from a particular line of research, what would be the best parameter to search by to find any other articles in that particular line of research?

	a. Keyword
	b. Author
	c. Title
	d. Year

.

All of the following are key points that your readings suggest to look for when you first read an article EXCEPT:

	a. the research question.
	b. specific hypotheses.
	c. findings.
	d. participants.

.

All of the following are limitations of observational studies EXCEPT:

	a. conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships cannot be drawn.
	b. internal validity.
	c. external validity.
	d. difficulty in coding results.

.

All of the following are search databases one could use to search for an article related to psychology EXCEPT:

	a. EBSCOhost.
	b. PsycINFO.
	c. ERIC.
	d. PsycREADINGS.

.

Articles from PsycINFO are available ___________.

	a. only to full time university students
	b. only with a yearly membership
	c. to anyone free of cost
	d. to anyone for a daily, per-article, or yearly membership fee

.

If you wanted to conduct a search of abstracts related to a particular topic in psychology, which of PsycNETs databases would be the best to use?

	a. PsycINFO
	b. PsycBOOKS
	c. PsycEXTRA
	d. PsycCRITIQUES

.

If you were conducting an in-depth study of one individual’s experiences or behaviors, this would be called a(an) ___________.

	a. experimental study
	b. case study
	c. correlational study
	d. survey study

.

If you were performing a search for treatments for depression and you wanted to exclude studies that looked at the impact of medication, which search operator would you use to do this?

	a. Not
	b. Without
	c. Except
	d. Only

.

In your literature review it is important to describe the articles, but it is also important to ___________.

	a. evaluate them
	b. compare them
	c. understand them
	d. All of the above tasks are important.

.

Published review articles may cite __________.

	a. up to 5 articles
	b. up to 15 articles
	c. up to 50 articles
	d. over 100 articles

.

What can you conclude from a (fictional) correlational study that finds that girls are more likely to drop out of high school than boys?

	a. Girls struggle in school more than boys.
	b. Being female leads to dropping out of school.
	c. Boys are smarter than girls.
	d. None of the above can be concluded from this study.

.

What would be the best PsycNET search resource to use to find a psychology book review?

	a. PsycINFO
	b. PsycCRITIQUES
	c. PsycMETRICS
	d. PsycARTICLES

.

When conducting an online literature search, all of the following are ways of narrowing the search results EXCEPT:

	a. using the “AND” operator.
	b. specifying the years you are interested in.
	c. using the “OR” operator.
	d. None of the above would narrow the search results.

.

When initially scanning a research article for a literature review, which of the following is the suggested order to read?

	a. Abstract, Introduction, Discussion, Methods
	b. Abstract, Introduction, Tables & Figures, Discussion
	c. Discussion, Abstract, Results, Methods
	d. Tables & Figures, Abstract, Introduction, Discussion

.

When relaying information from another article, it is best to do which of the following?

	a. Use direct quotes.
	b. Paraphrase the author’s ideas.
	c. Cite the article in which you found the information.
	d. B and C

.

Which of the following are useful in organizing your research papers? Choose the best answer.

	a. Titles
	b. Headings
	c. Summary paragraphs
	d. Conclusions

.

Which of the following can NOT be described as a descriptive, non-experimental approach?

	a. Correlational studies
	b. Survey studies
	c. Naturalistic observation studies
	d. All of the above can be described as descriptive, non-experimental approaches.

.

Which of the following is NOT one of the search databases included in PsycNET?

	a. PsycINFO
	b. PsycBOOKS
	c. PsycMETRICS
	d. PsycARTICLES

.

If you wanted to compare the effects of two different medications and wanted to test two different dosages of each medication, your design would be considered which of the following?

	a. 2X2 factorial design
	b. 1X4 factorial design
	c. 3X2 factorial design
	d. 4X4 factorial design

.

In a study comparing two therapeutic interventions for anxiety and the effects of the length of each treatment, the types of treatment would be the ________ and the lengths of treatment would be the ________.

	a. factors; levels
	b. levels; factors
	c. independent variables; dependent variables
	d. dependent variables; independent variables

.

In a study that tests the effects of a specific daily diet pill on weight loss, which of the following would be the best treatment and control conditions?

	a. A treatment group in which participants take a daily pill and a control group in which participants do nothing.
	b. A treatment group in which participants take a daily diet pill and a control group in which participants do not need to lose weight.
	c. A control group and a treatment group in which participants are unaware of whether they are taking a sugar pill or a diet pill.
	d. A control group in which participants knowingly took a sugar pill and a treatment group in which participants knowingly took a diet pill.

.

What does it mean when a study is “double blind”?

	a. Experimenters deceive participants about the purpose of the study on two separate occasions.
	b. Participants are given two different treatments, neither of which are expected to work.
	c. Neither the person administering the treatment nor the participant receiving the treatment are aware of which condition they are in (i.e. whether they received the treatment or the control).
	d. None of the above describe a double-blind study.

.

What is the best way to ensure that third variables are not responsible for differences found between groups in a study?

	a. Administer extensive surveys that ask participants for all possible differences so that these factors can be taken into account when assigning participants to groups.
	b. Use very large groups of participants.
	c. Use random assignment.
	d. Make sure all participants are as similar as possible; for example, use only studying middle-aged, Caucasian women.

.

What is the main weakness of a crossover study (a type of repeated measures design)?

	a. The risk of carryover effects
	b. Low internal validity
	c. Low external validity
	d. Low reliability

.

What limitation of a nonequivalent group, posttest only design is addressed by a nonequivalent group, pretest-posttest design?

	a. It helps rule out initial differences in the groups.
	b. It increases the motivation of both groups to improve.
	c. It helps rule out normal development as a possible reason for any improvement.
	d. Both A and C

.

When a case study is done in order to study a unique situation with little or no interest in generalizability, the type of case study being done is called which of the following?

	a. Illustrative case study
	b. Exploratory (or pilot) case study
	c. Cumulative case study
	d. Critical instance case study

.

Which of the following are possible threats to true experimental designs?

	a. The control group can be accidentally exposed to the treatment.
	b. Participants may perceive one group as more desirable than other groups, and this may impact motivation.
	c. There are no possible threats to validity if it is actually a true experimental design.
	d. Both A and B

.

Which of the following could not be considered a true independent variable?

	a. Dosage of medication
	b. Length of treatment
	c. Current level of hunger or thirst
	d. Race

.

Which of the following examples is true random assignment?

	a. A situation in which there are no differences between participants in different conditions in a study
	b. A situation in which two conditions in a study have exactly equal numbers of men and women, as well as the conditions represent every race and ethnicity
	c. A situation in which each participant in the population had an equal chance of being assigned to each treatment group
	d. None of the above would represent true random assignment.

.

Which of the following include all names of nonprobability sampling methods?

	a. Random sampling, systematic sampling, and stratified sampling
	b. Convenience sampling, judgment sampling, quota sampling, and snowball sampling
	c. Convenience sampling, stratified sampling, and systematic sampling
	d. Random sampling, judgment sampling, and snowball sampling

.

Which of the following is an example of a placebo effect?

	a. Participants in a control group feel less depressed, even though they were only taking a sugar pill and not an antidepressant.
	b. Participants in a control group feel less depressed, even though they were only having brief weekly meetings with a doctor and not actually receiving drug therapy.
	c. Both A and B are examples of placebo effects.
	d. Neither A or B are examples of placebo effects.

.

Which of the following is an example of simple random sampling?

	a. Standing in a mall and occasionally asking passersby to participate
	b. Using a random number generator on a calculator and selecting the participant from your sampling frame that corresponds with the number generated
	c. Choosing every participant in a sampling frame that has a certain characteristic unrelated to the study question, such as hair color
	d. None of the above

.

Which of the following is true of a within-subjects design?

	a. Each participant experiences every condition.
	b. There is no control condition.
	c. There is a larger risk of the placebo effect.
	d. Deception is often used.

.

Which of the following would be a good sampling method to use if you were attempting to access a population that is difficult to reach?

	a. Convenience sampling
	b. Random sampling
	c. Systematic sampling
	d. Snowball sampling

.

Which type of question would be best to measure how strongly someone agrees with a certain statement?

	a. A dichotomous question
	b. A Likert response scale question
	c. An ordinal question
	d. A contingency question

.

Which types of questions are best answered by case studies?

	a. Who, what, where, and how much?
	b. When, who, and where?
	c. How and why?
	d. Where and how much?

.

________ designs look at causation, whereas ________ studies are descriptive. Fill in the blanks.

	a. Experimental, correlational
	b. Correlational, observational
	c. Observational, experimental
	d. Observational, correlational

.

What effect might lead a control group to get better even though they did NOT receive a treatment?

	a. A placebo effect
	b. An experimental effect
	c. A correlational effect
	d. A dependent effect

.

A(an) ________ scale has a meaningful zero point.

	a. interval
	b. ordinal
	c. ratio
	d. nominal

.

According to your readings, what is the scale type most widely used by psychologists?

	a. Interval
	b. Ordinal
	c. Ratio
	d. Nominal

.

If you have three or more groups in your design, which of the following would be the most appropriate test?

	a. ANOVA
	b. t test
	c. Pearson’s r
	d. Chi-square test of independence

.

In a normal distribution, where is the mean?

	a. At the far right
	b. At the far left
	c. In the center
	d. There is not a mean in a normal distribution.

.

In a set of scores, the value of the score with the highest frequency would be called which of the following?

	a. Mode
	b. Median
	c. Mean
	d. Ratio

.

In a study looking at the impact of the length of traffic lights on road-rage, what type of variable is road-rage?

	a. A conceptual independent variable
	b. A conceptual dependent variable
	c. An operationalized independent variable
	d. An operationalized dependent variable

.

In order to find an actual test or measure in PsycINFO, when searching tests and measures you can use the term ______ in the tests and measures field.

	a. included
	b. appended
	c. attached
	d. complete

.

What does the value ‘r’ represent?

	a. Whether or not a correlation is significant
	b. Direction of the correlation
	c. Strength of the correlation
	d. Whether or not a correlation is causal

.

What is the relationship of the mean, median, and mode in a normal distribution?

	a. The mean is greater than the median, which is greater than the mode.
	b. The mean, median, and mode are equal.
	c. The median is greater than the mean, which is greater than the mode.
	d. The mode is greater than the median, which is greater than the mean.

.

What is the value of a score that has 50% of the scores below and 50% of the scores above called?

	a. Median
	b. Mean
	c. Mode
	d. Standard deviation

.

What type of measurement scale would you be using if you were asking a participant about their religious affiliation?

	a. Nominal
	b. Ordinal
	c. Ratio
	d. Interval

.

When should nonparametric statistics be used?

	a. When data is measured on interval or ratio scales
	b. When data is measured on ratio or nominal scales
	c. When data is measured on ordinal or ratio scales
	d. When data is measured on nominal or ordinal scales

.

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents a strong, inverse correlation?

	a. .2
	b. -.3
	c. -.8
	d. .8

.

Which of the following is an example of a conceptual variable?

	a. Academic success
	b. Grades
	c. Test scores
	d. Teacher ratings of classroom achievements

.

Which of the following is an example of a nonparametric test?

	a. t Test
	b. Z Test
	c. F Test
	d. Chi-Square Test

.

Which of the following is an example of cluster sampling?

	a. Randomly selecting classrooms in a school and including every student in that classroom as a participant
	b. Randomly selecting classrooms in a school and randomly selecting students from those classrooms as participants
	c. Grouping participants by characteristics, such as gender, race, or some other variable and sampling from those groups
	d. None of the above

.

Which of the following represents a perfect positive correlation?

	a. -1.0
	b. +1.0
	c. +100
	d. +10

.

Which of the following sampling methods should you choose if you want to make sure you have sufficient data for analysis of smaller groups in the population and also to generalize to the population as a whole?

	a. Disproportionate stratified sampling
	b. Proportionate stratified sampling
	c. Multi-stage sampling
	d. Purposive sampling

.

Which scale of measurement would be used when measuring weight?

	a. Interval
	b. Ordinal
	c. Ratio
	d. Nominal

.

________ tends to push reported scores toward one extreme, whereas ________ tends to cause reported scores to be above or below actual scores.

	a. bias, variable error
	b. variable error, bias
	c. variance, bias
	d. prejudice, bias

.

If you conduct a study in which you want to be able to generalize to certain subsets of the population as well as the population as a whole, what would be the best sampling method to use?

	a. Simple random sampling
	b. Convenience sampling
	c. Stratified random sampling
	d. Cluster sampling

.

According to Leland Wilkinson and the APA task force on statistical inference, the case for the representativeness of a convenience sample can be strengthened by which of the following?

	a. Its size
	b. Explicit comparison of its characteristics with a defined population
	c. Random assignment to conditions
	d. All of the above

.

According to Leland Wilkinson and the APA task force on statistical inference, the methods section should include all of the following EXCEPT:

	a. whether an instrument is reliable or unreliable.
	b. reliability coefficients.
	c. whether the instrument does not correlate strongly with other key constructs.
	d. both A and C

.

According to Leland Wilkinson and the APA task force on statistical inference, what common mistake do novice researchers often make?

	a. Over generalizing results
	b. Over particularizing results
	c. Both A and B
	d. Neither A nor B

.

If you conducted a study in which participants needed to be screened before participation, who of the following should complete the screening?

	a. A trained research assistant who was familiar with all of the hypotheses of the study
	b. You (the researcher)
	c. A trained research assistant who was unfamiliar with all of the hypotheses of the study
	d. None of the above

.

In Daryl J. Bem’s “Writing the Empirical Journal Article,” all of the following are recommended EXCEPT:

	a. avoiding examples of theoretical points or abstract material.
	b. trying to open with a statement about people, not psychologists or studies.
	c. using English prose as opposed to psychological jargon.
	d. taking the time and space needed to lead up to your formal or theoretical statement of the problem.

.

In Daryl J. Bem’s “Writing the Empirical Journal Article,” what naming convention is recommended for labeling groups or variables?

	a. Name groups or variables in an orderly fashion (i.e. A, B, C) and consistently use these names throughout the methods section.
	b. Use theoretical terms to name groups or variables.
	c. Use operational terms to name groups or variables.
	d. Use abbreviations to name groups or variables.

.

In Daryl J. Bem’s “Writing the Empirical Journal Article,” he recommends that any ethical issues that may have arisen as a result of the procedure should be addressed in which section of the article?

	a. Introduction
	b. Results
	c. Methods
	d. Discussion

.

In Daryl J. Bem’s “Writing the Empirical Journal Article,” which of the following is NOT recommended for the results section?

	a. Include a reminder of the operations performed and behaviors measured.
	b. Include a reminder of the conceptual hypothesis.
	c. Speak primarily in numbers with as little prose as possible.
	d. Include the answer to your research question in plain English.

.

In Daryl J. Bem’s “Writing the Empirical Journal Article,” the author recommends starting your discussion section discussing __________ and moving to ____________.

	a. specific matters, general concerns
	b. general concerns, specific matters
	c. limitations, specific findings
	d. implications, specific findings

.

In Daryl J. Bem’s “Writing the Empirical Journal Article,” the author recommends that a title should be ____________ words long.

	a. 5-7
	b. 10-12
	c. 13-15
	d. 18-20

.

Leland Wilkinson and the APA task force on statistical inference recommend thinking of all of the following when interpreting effects EXCEPT:

	a. credibility.
	b. generalizability.
	c. robustness.
	d. randomization.

.

The APA task force recommends which of the following when choosing the method of analysis?

	a. Choose the most complex method.
	b. Choose the most recently developed method.
	c. Choose a minimally sufficient analysis.
	d. Use at least two different methods in order to confirm your results.

.

The APA task force states all of the following regarding effect sizes EXCEPT:

	a. They should be presented for all primary outcomes.
	b. They should be interpreted in the context of previously reported effects.
	c. Nearly every empirical article now includes measures of effect sizes.
	d. If units are measured in a meaningful way (e.g. hours of sleep), then an unstandardized measure, such as the mean differences, is preferable to a standardized measure such as d or r.

.

What basic, helpful information on statistical inference does Leland Wilkinson and the APA task force say is often missing in the figures of most graphics in psychological publications?

	a. The shape of the distribution of the data
	b. The mean of the data
	c. The range of the data
	d. The standard deviation of the data

.

What do Leland Wilkinson and APA task force on statistical inference recommend before computing statistics using a computer program?

	a. Hand-writing all of your data in case of a computer crash.
	b. Looking at your data using a scatterplot or histogram.
	c. Printing out all of your data in case of a computer crash.
	d. Hand-calculate all the results.

.

When using nonrandom assignment, which of the following does Leland Wilkinson and the APA task force on statistical inference recommend?

	a. Minimize effects of confounding variables.
	b. Describe methods used to attenuate sources of bias.
	c. Use the term “control group” cautiously.
	d. All of the above are recommended.

.

Which of the following could bias findings of a study?

	a. The authors administer questionnaires themselves.
	b. The authors give instructions to participants themselves.
	c. The authors rate or code video data themselves.
	d. All of the above

.

Which of the following does Leland Wilkinson and the APA task force say about study design?

	a. Experimental designs are the most informative.
	b. Quasi-Experimental designs are the most informative.
	c. Meta-analyses are the most informative.
	d. It is important to make explicitly clear what type of study you are doing.

.

Which of the following does Leland Wilkinson and the APA task force recommend describing as anticipated sources of attrition?

	a. Death
	b. Dropout
	c. Noncompliance
	d. It is recommended that all of the above be described.

.

Which of the following is recommended in Daryl J. Bem’s “Writing the Empirical Journal Article” in regards to criticizing previous studies in your literature review?

	a. You should only criticize previous work with the permission of the author.
	b. You should always criticize at least one previous study in your literature review.
	c. You should avoid criticizing the investigators or authors of previous work.
	d. None of the above are recommended.

.

What do Leland Wilkinson and the APA task force on statistical inference recommend regarding populations?

	a. Explicitly defining the population
	b. Having as large of a population as possible
	c. Narrowing the population as much as possible
	d. Both B and A

.