A psychologist provides information regarding the limits of confidentiality in the informed consent and discusses it with her client at the outset of the relationship. The client then later moves away and the psychologist agrees to engage in email therapy. Which of the following options best captures the psychologist’s responsibility regarding confidentiality?

	a. As the psychologist had discussed this with the client at the outset of therapy and provided information about confidentiality in the informed consent, he or she has no further responsibility to discuss confidentiality
	b. The psychologist would only need to bring up the limits of confidentiality again if he or she became obliged to report something discussed when engaged in the therapeutic endeavor
	c. As the psychologist is now entering into a new service in which confidential information is transmitted via electronic transmission, he or she must inform clients/patients of the risks to privacy and limits of confidentiality in this setting
	d. The psychologist would only need to bring up the limits of confidentiality again if he or she had knowledge that the information was compromised

.

As a beginning counselor, your readings recommend that you do which of the following?

	a. First, learn one theory in depth, and then use this theory as an anchor point on which to build your own counseling perspective
	b. Learn how to be a behavioral psychotherapist, as this particular type of therapy has been shown to be most effective
	c. Learn about all therapies first, and then choose one theoretical orientation that best matches your personality
	d. Get creative and inspired and create your own theoretical orientation

.

Dr. Smith has a 12-year-old client and is thinking of using an assessment tool whose validity and reliability have not yet been established for children under the age of 14. How should Dr. Smith proceed?

	a. Find another tool, as it is unethical to use assessments whose validity and reliability have not yet been established
	b. Describe the potential strengths and limitations of the test results and interpretations in the test report, including the information that this assessment has not yet been validated in children under fourteen
	c. Consider the client’s age and alter the test to try to maximize the possibility that the test is an accurate assessment
	d. Use the test, as 12 is relatively close to 14, and logically, two years should not make a difference

.

Dr. Smith receives a threatening email and voice message from her client’s boyfriend. Dr. Smith ends treatment with her client as she feels her welfare/health is endangered by continuing to work with this client. Which of the following options describes Dr. Smith’s conduct?

	a. Dr. Smith’s sudden termination of treatment with her client is under violation of the American Psychological Association’s (APA) ethical guidelines, as therapists may only terminate with their clients when therapeutic goals have been met and/or their client’s needs surpass the therapist’s competency
	b. Dr. Smith’s sudden termination of treatment with her client is considered justifiable as she was threatened/felt endangered by a person with whom her client has a relationship
	c. Dr. Smith’s sudden termination of treatment with her client is only justifiable if she had as many therapy sessions at it took to explain and discuss with the client her reasoning for termination
	d. Dr. Smith’s sudden termination with her client violates the APA’s ethical guidelines as she is only allowed to end treatment with a client if the threat came directly from her client

.

Given your knowledge of ethical guidelines for psychotherapy, which of the following most likely represents the PRIMARY purpose of informed consent?

	a. To protect the therapist from liability
	b. To give therapists an avenue for grievances should the client not abide by the contractual arrangements of therapy
	c. To document progress of the client in order to provide evidence that the therapist is proceeding according to standard practice
	d. To provide the clients with information so they are aware of their rights in the process and terms and conditions of the therapeutic relationship

.

Gottlieb’s (1986) decision-making model asks therapists to consider which of the following dimensions when deciding whether or not to engage in a relationship with a previous client?

	a. Power, connection, and psychological stability of client
	b. Power, duration, and nature of termination
	c. Potential for longevity, duration, and nature of termination
	d. Potential for longevity, type of relationship, and nature of termination

.

Making an ethical decision involves which of the following?

	a. Simply applying a clear and definitive set of guidelines for ethical conduct
	b. Deciding that an ethical decision is good if it makes you happy
	c. Identifying what ethical guidelines are relevant in a situation and what is at stake for all
	d. Asking as many people for advice as possible, so long as you don’t use your client’s name

.

When consulting with another psychological professional, a psychologist must do which of the following?

	a. Make sure not to disclose information which might reasonably lead to the identification of a client
	b. Get written consent from the client
	c. Keep the consulting exchange limited to non-sensitive material
	d. None of the above; other psychological professions are also bound to confidentiality

.

Which of the following is FALSE?

	a. One goal a counselor should have is to maintain a value-free neutral approach as a therapist
	b. One goal of a counselor is to maintain appropriate and healthy boundaries with their clients
	c. Multiple relationships with clients should generally be avoided if at all possible
	d. There is only one viable and empirically validated therapy

.

Which of the following option(s) is FALSE regarding evidence-based practices in psychology (EBPP)?

	a. EBPP is the more comprehensive concept than empirically supported treatments (ESPs)
	b. EBPP starts with the patient and asks what research evidence will assist the psychologist to achieve the best outcome
	c. EBPP articulates a decision-making process for integrating multiple streams of research evidence
	d. EBPP relies solely on the results from randomized control trials, as this is the only acceptable form of research

.

Which statement best describes a psychotherapist’s goal of avoiding all dual relationships?

	a. This goal is more like a rule with no exceptions
	b. This goal is flexible and can be ignored in many situations
	c. This goal allows psychotherapists to avoid all ethical dilemmas around dual relationships
	d. This goal is aspirational in that it represents something psychotherapist should strive for if at all possible

.

Which statement is the most accurate concerning the American Psychological Association’s (APA) views on psychological services?

	a. Psychological services are most effective when responsive to the patient’s specific problems, strengths, personality, sociocultural context, and preferences
	b. Psychological services are most effective when responsive across patients regardless of their individual differences
	c. Psychological services are most effective when they utilize behavioral techniques
	d. Psychological services are most effective when they are carried out by licensed psychologists as compared to any other mental health practitioners

.

_____ represents a departure from standard practice that could potentially benefit clients.

	a. Ethical dilemmas
	b. Boundary violations
	c. Boundary crossings
	d. None of the above

.

Which option best captures the primary force behind the movement toward shorter-term therapy?

	a. A rejection of/reaction to traditional psychoanalysis
	b. The advent of managed care and other economic forces
	c. Research evidence suggesting that shorter-term therapy is more effective than long-term therapy
	d. There has been no such movement

.

According to Erikson, a toddler’s (ages 2–3) psychosocial task is to achieve which of the following?

	a. Industry versus inferiority
	b. Trust versus mistrust
	c. Initiative versus guilt
	d. Autonomy versus shame and doubt

.

Dolly is a patient of Dr. Smith. Recently, Dolly has been expressing great admiration for Dr. Smith and attributing all of her therapeutic success to his expertise. This might be an example of which of the following?

	a. A Genuine connection
	b. Countertransferce
	c. Positive transference
	d. Negative transference

.

Free association is best associated with what type of therapy?

	a. Psychoanalysis
	b. Cognitive-behavioral
	c. Interpersonal
	d. Existentialism

.

Freud’s first discoveries in psychology centered on Anna, a patient who exhibited which type of psychological dysfunction?

	a. Bipolar disorder
	b. Conversion disorder
	c. Hysteria
	d. Depression

.

Freud’s major contribution to psychology included which of the following?

	a. A focus on early childhood development
	b. The acknowledgement that we are sometimes unaware of our true motivating factors (i.e., the unconscious)
	c. The notion of developmental stages
	d. All of the above

.

In psychoanalysis, a psychotherapist takes a ___ stance, which allows the clients to develop ____ towards their therapist.

	a. Genuine, an attachment
	b. Objective, countertransference
	c. Neutral, transference
	d. Genuine, rapport

.

People who have not had the chance to love someone develop close relationships with their pets, feeding them human food and thinking about them as if they are human beings. This might be an example of which defense mechanism?

	a. Reaction Formation
	b. Projection
	c. Intellectualization
	d. Displacement

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The notion that psychic activity is not subordinated to free choice and most of what our mind produces has an unconscious root is best captured by what term?

	a. Free will
	b. Psychic determinism
	c. Death anxiety
	d. Parapraxes

.

The process of “working through” in psychoanalysis involves which of the following?

	a. Making unconscious material conscious and explicit
	b. Removing the ego’s resistance to instinctual repressed processes
	c. Work and strenuous effort
	d. All of the above

.

This theorist discussed the importance of the interaction of generations, which he called mutuality.

	a. Sigmund Freud
	b. Eric Erikson
	c. Carl Rogers
	d. John B. Watson

.

This type of defense mechanism is akin to “motivated forgetting.”

	a. Denial
	b. Repression
	c. Regression
	d. Projection

.

Which statement is FALSE regarding the psychoanalytic theory?

	a. The idea that all adult behavior is based in part on previous learning
	b. The notion that having knowledge of your own instinctual processes can be enriching and freeing
	c. Patients/clients often project unresolved conflicts, wishes, and fantasies onto their therapist
	d. None of the above

.

“Displacement of affect” is a concept most closely related to which term?

	a. Denial
	b. Transference
	c. Conditioned response
	d. Conditions of worth

.

According to Freud, the id is a part of the psyche that works in keeping with the __ principle, while the ego is the part of the psyche that works in keeping with the ___ principle.

	a. Pleasure, superego
	b. Reality, superego
	c. Pleasure, Reality
	d. Reality, Morality

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"One repays a teacher badly if one always remains nothing but a pupil." This quote is most likely from ____, who greatly influenced ____ therapy.

	a. Nietzsche, existential
	b. Watson, behavioral
	c. Nietzsche, humanism
	d. Watson, psychoanalytic

.

Greg comes into therapy and explains that he has learned to effectively communicate with his wife through marital therapy. His existential therapist might believe which of the following?

	a. Communication skills are the most important tool in obtaining happiness in a relationship
	b. Communications skills are necessary but not sufficient for true intimacy and connection
	c. Greg’s relationships are not of great importance; instead, the therapeutic work must move to a more intrapersonal level
	d. None of the above

.

Parks, Cohen, and Murch (1996) found that these types of coping mechanisms help people to sustain difficult times AND are associated with growth, a major goal of existential therapy.

	a. Adaptive avoidance and venting
	b. Turning to God and exercise
	c. Venting and turning to God
	d. Sense of humor and adaptive avoidance

.

Sally comes to her first session in therapy and states that she “wants to learn to be more in control.” An existential therapist might conclude which of the following?

	a. What Sally really means is that she wants to get away from the anxiety of feeling out of control
	b. As a child, Sally became fixated at the anal stage of development and is still striving to master her infantile instincts
	c. Sally has learned from her parents that she is not worthwhile or loveable unless she can control the situation around her
	d. None of the above

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The notion that human beings cannot be adequately explained as the summation of their parts comes from which type of therapy?

	a. Existential
	b. Psychoanalytic
	c. Humanistic
	d. Behaviorist

.

The term Anam Cara, which is Gaelic for soul friend or soul mate, is most closely related to which concept in existential therapy?

	a. Death anxiety
	b. Authenticity
	c. Freedom and Responsibility
	d. I-Thou relationship

.

Therapists from these two types of theoretical orientations would most strongly agree with the following statement: “The difficulty is not that individuals have drives, instincts, and an unconscious, it is instead the fact that individuals remain unaware of these forces and are, therefore, controlled by them.”

	a. Psychoanalytic, Cognitive
	b. Psychoanalytic, Existential
	c. Humanistic, Behavioral
	d. Humanistic, Existential

.

This theory of psychotherapy focuses heavily on the notion of responsibility and choice.

	a. Humanistic Therapy
	b. Behavioral Therapy
	c. Existential Therapy
	d. Cognitive Therapy

.

This/these psychotherapy(ies) focus(es) specifically on helping clients to be more authentic.

	a. Existential Therapy
	b. Psychoanalytic Therapy
	c. Humanistic Therapy
	d. A and C

.

Which item represents a major criticism of the existential theory of therapy?

	a. It is very similar to psychodynamic and humanistic theories of therapy
	b. It lacks a coherent philosophical basis
	c. Its focus on responsibility often denies the importance of culture and the environment
	d. It does not contain stages

.

Which option best captures the existential notion of anxiety?

	a. Anxiety can lead to alienation from the world and from oneself
	b. Anxiety is a conditioned response which stems from years of learned associations
	c. Anxiety draws individuals away from the immediate experience they can have when fully engaging in their own existence
	d. A and C

.

Which statement best captures the main difference between the theory associated with psychoanalytic therapy and the theory associated with existential therapy?

	a. The focus on anxiety
	b. The focus on will
	c. The focus on forces of which we are sometimes unaware
	d. None of the above; these theories are mainly identical

.

___ was powerfully influenced by his experience in the concentration camps where he learned of psychological freedom or the notion that one can find and embrace meaning in the midst of what appears to be meaningless suffering. This is an example of the sort of insight a ______ therapist might hope his or her client would find.

	a. Frankl, cognitive
	b. Erikson, psychodynamic
	c. Frankl, existential
	d. Erikson, cognitive

.

This type of therapy was as much a literary and philosophical phenomena as it was a psychological one.

	a. Humanistic
	b. Psychoanalytic
	c. Existential
	d. Behaviorist

.

According to your readings, students studying to be client-centered therapists should do which of the following to help them empathize with people from backgrounds that are different than their own?

	a. Take a course in social/behavioral sciences, particularly anthropology
	b. Immerse themselves in literature regarding different cultures
	c. Live with people of a particular group as a visiting professional
	d. It is impossible to learn about another’s experience, so there is no suggested way to gain more empathy and knowledge

.

Client-centered therapists are most likely to exhibit a higher degree of empathy in their therapeutic endeavors if they have which of the following characteristics?

	a. If the therapist is younger versus older
	b. If the therapist has less experience versus more experience
	c. If the therapist has a more versus less fully integrated self
	d. None of the above

.

Humanistic therapy is based on the assumption/philosophy that human beings are basically ____.

	a. Bad
	b. Good
	c. Neither good nor bad

.

In client-centered therapy, genuineness requires which of the following?

	a. The therapist must always express his or her thoughts
	b. Whatever is expressed in a therapeutic environment must be genuine and real, although not all things must be expressed
	c. The therapist must share what’s on his or her mind even if it is the expression of negative affect toward the client
	d. A and C

.

In regard to the ideal level of genuineness exhibited by a client-centered therapist, the evidence suggests which of the following?

	a. Low levels of genuineness are impediments to client progress made in therapy
	b. The higher the level of genuineness the better
	c. Above a certain minimal level, very high levels of genuineness are not related to additional increases in client functioning
	d. A and C

.

It is more likely that a ___ therapist will pathologize his or her client while a ___ therapist will actively seek to “nonpathologize” his or her client.

	a. Humanistic, Cognitive
	b. Behavioral, Humanistic
	c. Psychoanalytic, Humanistic
	d. Existential, Psychoanalytic

.

Many client-centered therapists complain that in “nondirective therapy,” . . .

	a. Empathy is taught to be the same as simplistic listening/reflective skills
	b. Empathy is incorrectly defined as possessing a complete and total understanding of the other person’s experience
	c. Empathy is simplistic and not a nuanced and complicated skill/ability
	d. A and C

.

One of the main differences between humanistic psychology and existential psychology is represented by which of the following statements?

	a. Humanistic psychology tends to focus on human potential, while existential psychology focuses on realities of existence.
	b. Humanistic psychology tends to focus on empathy, while existential psychology has no concern for the quality of the therapeutic relationship
	c. Humanistic psychology holds a positive view of human nature, while existential psychology holds a negative one
	d. Humanistic psychology is more concerned with the darker concepts of evil, while existential psychology is more concerned with the joys of being in the moment

.

Research has shown that a therapeutic relationship with a high degree of empathy is associated most directly with which of the following?

	a. Self-exploration and process movement
	b. Insight and expression of previously unconscious material
	c. A decrease in the amount of irrational thoughts
	d. Less death anxiety

.

This famous psychologist grew up in a strict religious household and attended a seminary for two years before switching to clinical psychology.

	a. Sigmund Freud
	b. Otto Rank
	c. Carl Rogers
	d. Albert Ellis

.

Unconditional positive regard is sometimes referred to as which of the following?

	a. Nonpossessive warmth
	b. Empathy
	c. Genuineness
	d. Total validation

.

Which of the following is NOT one of the indicators of a fully functioning person?

	a. An individual who is open to experience
	b. An individual who exhibits an existential mode of living
	c. An individual who does what “feels right” based on relevant data available, which results in adequate or satisfying behavior
	d. An individual who is uninhibited in his or her expression of affect/thoughts

.

Which of the following represents a major debate within the client-centered community?

	a. Whether or not a therapist can be “directive” and client-centered
	b. Whether or not therapist genuineness is required to facilitate therapeutic change in clients
	c. Whether a directive approach directly contradicts the notion of the actualizing tendency assumed to be present in all individuals
	d. A and C

.

Which statement is the most accurate regarding the findings related to empathy and therapeutic outcomes?

	a. Empathy does not seem to factor into the success of therapy
	b. Empathy is clearly related to positive outcomes
	c. Empathy is only important in short-term therapy
	d. There is mixed evidence with, more research needed, to determine whether empathy is clearly related to positive outcomes

.

Which term does NOT represent a necessary and sufficient therapist position for therapeutic personality change in client-centered therapy?

	a. Empathic understanding
	b. Unconditional positive regard
	c. Genuineness
	d. None; they all do

.

A behavioral psychologist takes on more of a ___ role while a humanistic psychologist tends to engage in more of a ___ role.

	a. Consultant, facilitator
	b. Supervisor, coach
	c. Coach, educator
	d. Consultant, supervisor

.

As a behavioral psychologist, you are most likely to describe your client’s phobic response to heights as resulting from which of the following?

	a. The client likely had a traumatic experience with heights in his or her childhood .
	b. The client inappropriately reacts to a low-threat object with a heightened fight-or-flight physiological response usually associated with intense threats. In other words, the client has a faulty brain “warning” system.
	c. The client has an unfulfilled wish to be cared for and protected from the dangers of the world.
	d. Through avoiding the feared stimulus (i.e., the bridge), the individual gains a sense of relief from the negative feelings (i.e., fear, nervousness) associated with the feared situation. The association between avoidance and relief is strengthened every time the individual avoids the feared stimulus.

.

As a behavioral psychologist, you instruct your client to create an anxiety hierarchy, which is a list of those situations involved in and leading up to your target situation ranked in order from the lease disturbing to the most disturbing. You are engaging in ___ training and will likely next provide your client with ___ training.

	a. Desensitization, role-play
	b. Assertiveness, relaxation
	c. Desensitization, relaxation
	d. Relaxation, role-play

.

Assertiveness training, a set of psychotherapy techniques drawn from behaviorism, defines assertiveness as which of the following?

	a. The absence of aggression
	b. The balance between aggression and passivity
	c. The absence of passivity
	d. The relaxation process

.

During the first session with a behavioral psychologist, you might expect which of the following to occur?

	a. The psychologist would allow you to talk freely and take on a nondirective approach
	b. The psychologist would ask you a series of questions designed to assess the specific nature of your concerns (i.e., when does this occur, with whom does this occur, etc.)
	c. The psychologist would immediately begin forming a treatment plan, as an individualized approach is not needed
	d. The psychologist would attempt to uncover the childhood experience that might be associated with your particular issues

.

George’s behavioral psychotherapist asked him to think about and list the areas in his life in which he has difficulty asserting himself. Next, in accordance with most assertiveness training programs, George’s therapist will probably ask him to do which of the following?

	a. Participate in role-plays in order to help George practice how to communicate in a clear and direct manner
	b. Practice assertive techniques in everyday life, as there is no alternative to real-life experience
	c. Practice relaxation techniques, as he will need to progress through a hierarchy of least to most anxiety-provoking situations
	d. Explore the potential underlying reasons for his difficulties with assertiveness, as this insight will help him to be more motivated to change his behaviors

.

In terms of operant condition, a “positive” type of operant condition refers to those situations where which of the following occur?

	a. The person gets something taken away in response to the behavior
	b. The person gets something in response to behavior regardless of whether it encourages the continuation or extinction of that behavior
	c. A positive outcome occurs (e.g., the extinction of a negative behavior or the continuation of a positive one)
	d. The person gets something in response to behavior but only if it encourages the continuation of that behavior

.

In this classic classical conditioning experiment, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate at the sound of the bell. In this case, the bell becomes a ___ response because it is ____.

	a. Unconditioned stimulus, not an innate involuntary response
	b. Conditioned response, a physical object
	c. Conditioned stimulus, not an innate involuntary response
	d. Unconditioned response, a physical object

.

Psychologists that strictly adhere to the most fundamental form of this type of theoretical orientation reject the notion of consciousness.

	a. Humanistic
	b. Behavioral
	c. Cognitive
	d. Psychoanalytic

.

What is one of the main criticisms of behaviorism?

	a. It ignores basic scientific principles
	b. By ignoring internal processes, it presents an oversimplified explanation of human behavior
	c. An individual’s reinforcement history cannot account for all behaviors
	d. A and C

.

Which of the following statements/views is FALSE in regard to the behavioral theory of psychology?

	a. Psychology is viewed as a natural science
	b. Psychology is committed to methodological objectivism
	c. Behavior is a direct result of the stimulus-response phenomenon
	d. None of the above

.

Which of the following statements/views is FALSE in regard to the behavioral theory of psychology?

	a. Psychology is the science of behavior
	b. Psychology is the science of habits and stimulus-response phenomena
	c. Psychology is the science of the mind
	d. Psychology is committed to objective and systematic scientific research

.

Which of the statements is/are TRUE of the following example: A parent and child are waiting in line to check out at the grocery store. The child asks for a candy bar but is denied by his parent. The child begins to whine and cry and grows louder and more persistent with his request. The parent responds by giving him the candy bar.

	a. The parent’s behavior of providing him the candy is negatively reinforced
	b. The child’s behavior of whining and crying when he doesn’t initially get what he wants is negatively reinforced
	c. The child’s behavior of whining and crying when he doesn’t initially get what he wants is positively reinforced
	d. Both A and C

.

You get a speeding ticket for going 20 miles per hour over the speed limit. This is an example of which type of operant conditioning?

	a. Positive punishment
	b. Negative punishment
	c. Positive reinforcement
	d. Negative reinforcement

.

Behaviorism was strongly influenced by the study of which of the following?

	a. Animal behavior
	b. Introspection
	c. Cognitive illusions
	d. Philosophy

.

A cognitive-behavioral psychologist would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

	a. Cultural oppression and subjugation cause maladaptive feelings/behaviors
	b. Childhood experiences cause maladaptive feelings/behaviors
	c. Environmental stressors and biological heredity cause feelings/behaviors
	d. Events do not cause feelings/behaviors; rather it is our interpretation of events that do

.

A therapist responds to her client’s comment that conflict is terrible by saying, “Can you think of a circumstance when conflict is good?” This is an example of the therapist using a ___, which would most likely occur in ___ therapy?

	a. Corrective statement, Humanistic
	b. Disputation, Cognitive
	c. Cognitive distortion, Cognitive
	d. Disputation, Behavioral

.

Beck and Rogers both focused in on the importance of therapist qualities, which foster a strong therapeutic relationship; however, they differed on which point?

	a. Beck believed that unconditional positive regard was unnecessary
	b. Rogers and Beck defined genuineness differently
	c. Beck believed that the relationship was necessary but not sufficient for client change
	d. They did not differ on any point in regard to the therapeutic relationship

.

Beck’s Rational-Emotive-Behavior Therapy (REBT) differed from Ellis’s Emotional Behavior Therapy (EBT) in which significant way(s)?

	a. Ellis’s theory was less clear about what tools and techniques a therapist could use to help his or her client
	b. Beck believed that a major tool for change involved challenging the way people speak about themselves, others, and the world
	c. Beck did not focus on the quality of the therapeutic relationship
	d. Ellis believed there were objective irrational and rational thoughts, while Beck believed that some thoughts were maladaptive in that they lead to undesirable responses

.

In Beck’s cognitive therapy, ABC stands for which of the following?

	a. Action, behavior, consequences
	b. Affect, behavior, cognitions
	c. Activating event, belief, emotional/behavioral consequences
	d. Affect, belief, emotional/behavioral consequences

.

Regarding the origins of mental illness, which theory proposed that a person’s expectations and interpretations create and sustain emotional reactions?

	a. The behavioral model
	b. The cognitive model
	c. The Freudian model
	d. The humanistic model

.

Stacey loses a loved one and thinks that she is “not worthy of being happy.” This thought in turn causes her to feel sad, which causes her to isolate herself from her friends and family. The isolation makes her more unhappy and leads her to confirm her belief that she is “not worthy of happiness.” This example best captures which of the following concepts in cognitive-behavioral therapy?

	a. A self-perpetuating cycle
	b. Continual conditions of worth
	c. Emotional dysregulation
	d. Downward Arrow

.

Which of the following best captures what Albert Ellis was trying to do when working with Gloria?

	a. Confront and ultimately change her core belief that life is awful if she is not special or unique
	b. Provide unconditional positive regard for her by being empathic and genuine
	c. Change her environmental contingencies in order to alter her maladaptive behaviors
	d. Provide her with psychoeducation on maladaptive thoughts and work collaboratively with her toward her goals

.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding cognitive-behavioral therapy?

	a. It often focuses on identifying and changing irrational thoughts/cognitive distortions
	b. It cannot be applied in family therapy, but research supports its use in individual and group therapy
	c. There is often a focus on creating measureable and observable goals
	d. Homework is often used to help learning continue outside of therapy

.

Which of the following statements most accurately captures the conclusions drawn from the research on the therapeutic efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapies?

	a. Empirical evidence suggests it has limited applicability to a handful of phobias and anxiety disorders
	b. Empirical evidence suggests it is mainly ineffective in its most fundamental form
	c. Empirical evidence suggests it is effective with every type of client in every type of situation
	d. Empirical evidence suggests it is mainly effective across a wide range of psychological disorders and populations

.

Which statement(s) represents one potential difficulty in applying cognitive-behavioral techniques in a culturally sensitive way?

	a. There is less focus on the importance of the environment
	b. The underlying theoretical roots assume that people of different cultures have varying degrees/types of irrational beliefs
	c. The challenging nature of some techniques might be in conflict with certain cultural values
	d. A and C

.

“Door knob comments” refers to which of the following phenomenon?

	a. When clients provide important information regarding central and important issues at the end of treatment
	b. When clients provide feedback on their perceptions of progress at the end of treatment
	c. When clients comment passive-aggressively on therapeutic dynamics
	d. When clients shut the door on possible progress through a singular comment

.

“Our words both reflect the world and create the world we live in.” Which famous psychologist would be most likely to perceive a truth/power in this statement?

	a. Aaron Beck
	b. Carl Rogers
	c. Albert Ellis
	d. Fritz Perls

.

Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET) is a type of ____ therapy, while Client-Centered Therapy is a type of ___ therapy.

	a. Behavioral, Humanistic
	b. Cognitive, Behavioral
	c. Humanistic, Behavioral
	d. Cognitive, Humanistic

.

A ____ therapist is interested in helping individuals to fully describe/articulate their life stories and trajectories, modes of living, and possibilities associated with them.

	a. Strategic Family
	b. Structural Family
	c. Experiential Humanist Family
	d. Narrative Family

.

As a structural family therapist following Minuchin’s guide, you might use which of the following therapeutic interventions?

	a. Strategically manipulate the space and positioning (seating) within the room
	b. Discuss sibling positioning and create a genogram
	c. Have particular family members watch other family members behind a one-way mirror and point out the dysfunctional family patterns/roles which perpetuate problems
	d. A and C

.

In this type of strategic family therapy, after the immediate problem is resolved, other problems would be explored. The goal is to change the structural factors that caused the problems; thus therapy will not necessarily end with the immediate problem resolved.

	a. Milan’s Model of Family Therapy
	b. Haley’s Model of Family Therapy
	c. Mental Research Institute’s (MRI) Family Therapy
	d. Madanes’s Model of Family Therapy

.

Narrative therapy and existential therapy are similar in what way?

	a. They focus on meaning making
	b. They focus on death anxieties
	c. They use bibliotherapy
	d. They use drama therapy as a technique

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One creative way to help your client(s) become aware of what Bowen called “intergenerational transmission process” is which of the following therapeutic techniques?

	a. Role play
	b. Conduct an intake interview
	c. Create a genogram
	d. Engage in drama therapy

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One major contemporary concept in General Systems Theory is that ____ define membership in a system and represent the point of contact between the system and other systems.

	a. Feedback loops
	b. Family taxonomies
	c. Boundaries
	d. Open systems

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Sally is having difficulty dealing with stress and is having several problems in school. Bowen might hypothesize which of the following?

	a. Sally is likely undifferentiated as a person.
	b. Sally is the youngest, which means she is most susceptible to psychological symptoms
	c. Sally’s symptoms have arisen because the stress she experiences exceeds the family system’s ability to bind or neutralize it.
	d. A and C

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Social psychologist studied this phenomenon in the 1920s, which influenced the development and evolution of family therapy.

	a. Altruism
	b. Small group dynamics
	c. Aggression
	d. Social loafing

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This strategic family therapy term describes entities (i.e., people) that are a whole unto themselves and a part of some other, superordinate whole.

	a. Holon
	b. Transactional Patterns
	c. Cross-Generational
	d. Rigid Triads

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This type of family therapist would be interested in family atmosphere, birth order, and family constellation.

	a. Adlerian
	b. Interpersonal
	c. Family Systems
	d. A and C

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Which example best captures the triangulation phenomenon?

	a. A couple gets into an argument and as a result, one partner remains angry and resentful but is unable to express his or her feelings to the other partner
	b. In a family in which there is alcoholism present, the non-drinking parent goes to the child and expresses dissatisfaction with the drinking parent
	c. A couple decides to have a child
	d. A couple gets divorced and splits the family into two units

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Which of the following does NOT represent one of the goals of family therapy detailed under Satir’s Growth Model?

	a. Expanding self-discovery and self-responsibility
	b. Building self-esteem
	c. Creating rich narrative accounts of key values and hopes
	d. Enhancing awareness and understanding of communication patterns

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Which theorist/therapist would be most likely to make the following statement: “Differentiation of self is an important psychological task, which is characterized by being able to have different opinions and values than your family members but being able to stay emotionally connected to them.”

	a. Bowen
	b. Haley
	c. Minuchin
	d. Satir

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 _____ therapists propose that psychological problems are best explained in terms of circular, recurring events that focus on the mutually influential and interpersonal context in which they developed.

	a. Family
	b. Group
	c. Individual
	d. A and C

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