A henge is a Neolithic monument found only in which geographic area?

	a. The Near East
	b. Africa
	c. Spain
	d. The British Isles
	e. France

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Fill in the blank. A relief sculpture can best be described as _________________.

	a. a sculpture formed by carved lines
	b. an independent sculpture fully carved on all sides
	c. a sculpture that is carved out from or into an unsculpted background
	d. a sculpture carved into a cave wall
	e. a sculpture that makes you feel better when you view it

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Scholars believe that cave paintings like those in Chauvet, Lascoux, and Altamira caves may have been created for which of the following reasons?

	a. As a form of sympathetic magic (i.e. to bring about what is depicted)
	b. As a part of ritual or initiation
	c. To assist in hunting practice
	d. All of the above
	e. None of the above

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Stonehenge is an early example of which type of architectural construction system?

	a. Post and lintel
	b. Arcuated
	c. Hypostyle
	d. Vaulted
	e. Mastaba

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The Neolithic town of Çatalhöyük is designed according to which unusual format?

	a. All buildings were underground so that the town could remain hidden.
	b. Buildings were built directly next to one another and there are no streets, allowing for greater defensibility.
	c. Buildings were placed on tall platforms to protect from flooding.
	d. All structures were built into existing natural elements (trees, boulders, etc.) in the environment.
	e. Structures were portable and were routinely deconstructed.

.

Which major development in human history is credited with the rise of permanent settlements?

	a. Agricultural development
	b. Improved hunting techniques
	c. Greater religious stability
	d. The development of written language
	e. The use of metal tools

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Which of the following describes the Venus of Willendorf?

	a. The statuette is not truly a representation of a venus figure.
	b. The statuette overemphasizes female sexual elements in order to suggest fertility.
	c. The statuette is not interested in individualistic features.
	d. The statuette is made from stone not native to the place where it was found.
	e. All of the above

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Our understanding of prehistoric art and culture remains somewhat elusive for which of the following reasons?

	a. There are not enough surviving artifacts to provide a coherent sense of Prehistoric art.
	b. Prehistoric art was created before the development of writing systems.
	c. Scholars have not yet deciphered the written languages of prehistoric peoples.
	d. The documents left by Prehistoric peoples contradict themselves.
	e. Prehistoric art was altered by subsequent civilizations.

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Choose the best answer to fill in the blank. Composite View is a system of representation whereby figures are shown ________________.

	a. with uneven proportions
	b. in as little detail as possible, emphasizing an impossible “magical” world
	c. from multiple points of view, partially from the front and partially from the side
	d. as if in a twisting motion
	e. with the most important people on a larger scale than less important people

.

Darius I was a powerful king who ruled which city?

	a. Persia
	b. Babylon
	c. Greece
	d. Macedon
	e. Sumer

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In the art of the Ancient Near East, a votive statue served which purpose?

	a. It stood in for a patron, usually in a constant posture of prayer.
	b. It served a dual purpose as statue and lamp.
	c. It was a gift for the king.
	d. It was a gift from the king to a priest.
	e. It was a container for written prayers.

.

The Ishtar Gate was a gate to which city?

	a. Lagash
	b. Uruk
	c. Babylon
	d. Ur
	e. Akkad

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The relief sculpture of Ashurnasirpal II Hunting Lions from the Assyrian Palace at Nimrud conveys the power of the king by which of the following?

	a. The use of hieratic scale
	b. The fact that the king wears a prominent crown
	c. The fact king wears bold colors
	d. The presence of a god gesturing toward the king
	e. The king’s obvious power and fearlessness in the hunt

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Which of the following best describes the Stele of Naram-Sin?

	a. It is a law-code of the Akkadian king.
	b. It represents the Akkadian king’s defeat of his enemies.
	c. It depicts the Akkadian gods in a ritual ceremony.
	d. It is a diplomatic treaty.
	e. All of the above

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Which of the following best describes the Stele of Hammurabi?

	a. It depicts the Babylonian king receiving the right to rule from his god.
	b. It shows Hammurabi defeating his enemies.
	c. It includes Hammurabi’s written code of laws.
	d. Both A and C
	e. Both A and B

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The Sumerians are credited with developing which of the following?

	a. Cuneiform, one of the earliest forms of written language
	b. The wheel
	c. Arithmetic
	d. All of the above
	e. None of the above

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Art created in Amarna period Egypt differs from the arts of earlier Egypt in which of the following ways?

	a. There is greater emphasis on rounded and elongated forms.
	b. There is a “feminine” quality in male figures.
	c. There is a move towards abstraction.
	d. A and B only
	e. A and C only

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During the Amarna period in Egypt, official religious practice changed in which significant way?

	a. The practice of mummification began.
	b. Egyptians no longer believed in an afterlife.
	c. Only one god, Aton, was recognized, rather than many gods.
	d. Many gods, rather than the one god Aton, were recognized.
	e. None of the above

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How is Ti’s high social status made evident in the painted relief “Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt” from his tomb?

	a. Ti is shown in composite view, whereas his servants are more lifelike.
	b. The scene employed hieratic scale, Ti being the largest figure.
	c. Ti is still and looks on, while his servants are actively working.
	d. Both A and B
	e. All of the above

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The Hypostyle Hall in the Temple of Amun in Karnak has which of the following elements?

	a. Sunken relief on the columns
	b. A clerestory
	c. Columns that imitate lotus plants
	d. All of the above
	e. A and C only

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The Ka can best be described as which of the following?

	a. An individual’s spirit, which continues to live after death
	b. An elaborate tomb for a king’s remains
	c. The sculpture of an important person buried with them in their tomb
	d. A measurement tool used to build pyramids
	e. The king’s crown

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The Middle Kingdom Egyptian tombs at Beni Hasan are an example of which style of tomb?

	a. Mastaba
	b. Pyramid
	c. Rock-cut
	d. Mortuary chapel
	e. Subterranean

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The overwhelming majority of Ancient Egyptian art relates to which theme?

	a. Death and the afterlife
	b. Wars and political power
	c. Agriculture
	d. Religious enlightenment
	e. Diplomacy

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The Temple of Ramses II at Abu Simbel is decorated with four colossi representing which four figures?

	a. Osiris, Ra, Aton, and Ramses II
	b. Four identical images of Ramses II
	c. Ramses II’s wives
	d. Ramses II’s ancestors
	e. Ramses II’s children

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What unconventional approach did Queen Hatshepsut take to assert her authority as Queen of Egypt?

	a. She killed all of her rivals.
	b. She took on male attributes, even calling herself king.
	c. She moved her capital to Tel el Amarna.
	d. She called herself god of all Egypt.
	e. She named her son co-regent.

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What was the intended function of the great pyramids at Giza?

	a. They were places of worship.
	b. They were tombs for the kings.
	c. They were ceremonial centers for public use.
	d. They housed grain.
	e. All of the above

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Which of the following best describes Mummy portraits in Late Period Egypt?

	a. They tend to exaggerate the size of the eyes.
	b. They are painted in encaustic.
	c. They are molded from plaster and gilded.
	d. All of the above
	e. A and B only

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The Palette of King Narmer represents which historical event?

	a. The yearly flooding of the Nile River
	b. The death of King Narmer
	c. The coronation of King Narmer
	d. The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
	e. The emancipation of Egyptians from slavery

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Although the Parthenon is a Doric order temple, it strays from typical Doric temples in which way?

	a. It has more columns across the front than is typical in Doric temples.
	b. It has a continuous frieze.
	c. It has some ionic columns in the interior.
	d. All of the above
	e. None of the above

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An Ionic capital is made up of which of the following elements?

	a. Scrolled volutes and palmette designs
	b. Acanthus leaves
	c. Geometric patterns
	d. Female figures
	e. Both B and C

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Fill in the blank. Greek sculpture from the Hellenistic period can best be described as _______________.

	a. rigid and formal
	b. abstracted and unnatural
	c. calm and peaceful
	d. dramatic and naturalistic
	e. unconcerned with the human form

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Fill in the blank. The Pont du Garde is one of the most famous examples of a(n) ________________.

	a. Roman amphitheater
	b. Greek theater
	c. Roman aqueduct
	d. Etruscan temple
	e. Roman basilica

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How was a sense of harmony and balance achieved in the Parthenon in Athens?

	a. A ratio was employed throughout the building.
	b. Exact right angles were used, without exception, throughout the building.
	c. The sides of the temple were curved, to make up for optical illusions.
	d. All of the above
	e. A and C only

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The Bull Leaping fresco from the Palace at Knossos was created by which culture?

	a. Etruscan
	b. Minoan
	c. Cycladic
	d. Mycenaean
	e. Late Egyptian

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The Corinthian capital is made up of which of the following elements?

	a. Scrolled volutes and palmette designs
	b. Acanthus leaves
	c. Geometric patterns
	d. Female figures
	e. Both B and C

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The Equestrian Portrait of Marcus Aurelius suggests the emperor’s power in which of the following ways?

	a. He looks fierce and imposing.
	b. He is calmly in control of his horse and gestures authoritatively.
	c. He raises a sword to the sky.
	d. All of the above
	e. None of the above

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The keystone and springer, components of the voussoir, are elements of which architectural feature?

	a. An arch
	b. A vault
	c. A foundation
	d. A column
	e. A pediment

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The Lion Gate at Mycenae famously utilizes which engineering technique?

	a. A relieving arch
	b. Vaulting
	c. A clerestory
	d. Concrete
	e. All of the above

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The Mycenaean Treasury of Atreus is an example of which kind of structure?

	a. Pyramid
	b. Mastaba
	c. Palace
	d. Tholos tomb
	e. Megaron

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The Nike of Samothrace is a product of which Greek period?

	a. Geometric
	b. Archaic
	c. High Classical
	d. Late Classical
	e. Hellenistic

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The sculptor Polykleitos is responsible for which of the following sculptures?

	a. The Spear Bearer
	b. The Augustus of Prima Porta
	c. The Last Judgment Tympanum
	d. The New York Kouros
	e. Virgin and Child

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The sculpture of the Four Tetrarchs represents which of the following?

	a. The four co-rulers of the Roman Empire
	b. The sons of Philip the Arab
	c. The four leading generals of the late Roman Empire
	d. The founders of Rome
	e. Four identical images of the Emperor Constantine

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The Temple of Hera I at Paestum is an early example of which of the following?

	a. A Doric order temple
	b. An Ionic order temple
	c. A domed temple
	d. A Corinthian order temple
	e. An Etruscan temple

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The term “wet drapery” refers to which Greek High Classical technique?

	a. The use of wet fabrics to shape clay models for final sculptures
	b. The depiction of dramatic scenes as if they took place in a marine setting
	c. The method of depicting drapery to reveal the body rather than conceal it, with drapery that appears wet
	d. The method of attaching sculptures to a temple pediment, by way of wet adhesives
	e. None of the above

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The terra cotta Apollo from the temple at Veii is a product of which of the following cultures?

	a. Egyptian
	b. Hellenistic
	c. Minoan
	d. Etruscan
	e. Roman

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What advantage did the Romans gain when they began using concrete?

	a. Structures could be constructed more quickly.
	b. More complicated shapes could be constructed.
	c. Structures could be constructed less expensively.
	d. All of the above
	e. None of the above

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Which element of the Pantheon would have surprised the Roman visitor?

	a. The use of Corinthian columns
	b. The dome
	c. The coffers
	d. The porch
	e. All of the above

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Which mythological figure is the subject of the sculpted pediment from the Temple of Artemis at Corfu?

	a. Athena
	b. Zeus
	c. Hera
	d. Medusa
	e. Artemis

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Which of the following best describes one significant way in which Greek architecture differed from Egyptian architecture?

	a. Greek architecture used post and lintel construction.
	b. Greek architecture imposed on and dominated the surrounding landscape.
	c. Greek architecture used rounded arches.
	d. Greek architecture used concrete.
	e. Greek architecture worked with the natural landscape, instead of dominating it.

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Which of the following describes an Archaic Greek kouros?

	a. It depicted a male youth.
	b. It usually depicted its figure as nude.
	c. It served as a grave-marker.
	d. It was indebted to Egyptian sculpture.
	e. All of the above

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Which of the following is a Greek sculpture from the Classical period that uses a canon of proportions as well as a contrapposto stance?

	a. New York Kouros
	b. Anavysos Kouros
	c. The Dying Warrior
	d. The Spear Bearer
	e. Peplos Kore

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Which of the following statements about the Augustus of Primaporta is false?

	a. It suggests the influence of the Classical Greek Spear Bearer by Polykleitos.
	b. It suggests the influence of the Roman Republican sculpture of Aulus Metellus.
	c. It includes a Cupid, referring to Augustus’s divine ancestry.
	d. It shows Augustus as a military leader.
	e. It depicts Augustus’s face with intense realism, showing age, worry, and experience.

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Which of the following statements about the Flavian Amphitheater (Colosseum) in Rome is false?

	a. It was built on land confiscated from an unpopular emperor.
	b. It extensively used both barrel and groin vaults.
	c. Much of the building’s interior was made of concrete.
	d. It was an excellent example of true post and lintel construction.
	e. It used more than one of the classical orders on the exterior.

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Which of the following statements best describes Rome’s relationship with Greek art?

	a. Roman art sought to faithfully imitate Greek art.
	b. Roman art borrowed certain details from Greek art, but adapted those details to their own needs.
	c. Rome actively sought to differentiate itself from Greek art, barely using any Greek elements at all.
	d. Roman art only borrowed from Greek architecture.
	e. Roman art only borrowed from Greek sculpture.

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Which of the following statements describes The Ara Pacis (or Altar of Augustan Peace)?

	a. The altar aims to suggest the bounty and peace of Rome under Augustus.
	b. The altar includes portraits of real Roman people.
	c. The altar includes images of children, a reference to Augustus’s family values program.
	d. All of the above
	e. B and C only

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Which of the following subjects is depicted in relief sculpture on the Arch of Titus?

	a. The Apotheosis of Titus
	b. The Spoils from the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem
	c. The Triumph of Titus
	d. All of the above
	e. A and C only

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Which of the following was NOT a typical element of a house in Pompeii?

	a. An atrium
	b. An impluvium
	c. A peristyle
	d. A thermopolium
	e. A tablinum

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Which of the following were the most highly prized values of the leaders of Republican Rome, as depicted in its portraiture?

	a. Youth and athleticism
	b. Authority and experience
	c. Bravery and military might
	d. Wealth
	e. Religious faith

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Which Roman emperor was responsible for the construction of the Flavian Amphitheater (Colosseum)?

	a. Vespasian
	b. Augustus
	c. Nero
	d. Hadrian
	e. Julius Caesar

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Sculpture from the period known as Early Cycladic II most typically follows which format?

	a. Male figures engaged in battle
	b. Female figures with babies
	c. Female figures with arms folded across the chest
	d. Priests and priestesses dressed in long robes
	e. Male figures holding funerary urns

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Choose the best answer to fill in the blank. The Byzantine church of Hagia Sophia can be said to be __________________.

	a. a combination of a centrally-planned and basilican building
	b. a careful imitation of a Roman temple
	c. the smallest church built by Justinian
	d. a poor example of Byzantine architecture
	e. more of a palace residence than a place of worship

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English Gothic architecture differs from French Gothic in which of the following ways?

	a. English Gothic emphasizes length more than height.
	b. English Gothic façades are low and wide, rather than narrow and tall.
	c. English Gothic uses materials of contrasting colors to articulate the interior space.
	d. All of the above
	e. A and B only

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Gothic art came about simultaneously with the rise of all of the following EXCEPT:

	a. cities.
	b. monasteries.
	c. an increasingly wealthy middle class.
	d. guilds.
	e. universities.

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Interlace is a decorative style found in all of the following objects EXCEPT:

	a. The Book of Durow
	b. The Purse Cover from Sutton Hoo
	c. The Virgin of Vladimir
	d. The Book of Kells
	e. The South Cross at Ahenny

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Mozarabic art can best be defined by which of the following?

	a. The art of Medieval Sicily
	b. Christian art influenced by the arts of Islamic Spain
	c. Art produced in the Umayyad Dynasty
	d. Christian art produced in Medieval Jerusalem
	e. Objects stolen by the Vikings and made into new works of art

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Romanesque depictions of the human form tend to do which of the following?

	a. Be elongated
	b. Focus on linear details, especially in describing hair and drapery folds
	c. Seem removed from any contextual setting, rather seeming to float in space
	d. Twist and contort to fit the shape of the space provided for them
	e. All of the above

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The artistic tastes of the Cistercian monastic order can best be described as which of the following?

	a. Ornate and decorative
	b. Minimalist and austere
	c. Naturalistic
	d. Inspired by Islamic art
	e. Secular

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The barrel-vaulted nave typical of Romanesque churches had which drawback?

	a. It exerted force on the outer walls, requiring buttressing and limiting window size.
	b. It was less attractive than a flat timber roof.
	c. It was tremendously expensive and time-consuming to build.
	d. All of the above
	e. A and B only

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The Bayeux Tapestry depicts which of the following?

	a. The Norman conquest of England
	b. The death of the English King, Harold
	c. The coronation of King Harold
	d. Halley’s Comet
	e. All of the above

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The church of Sant’Ambrogio in Milan combines Southern Romanesque tradition with which of the following innovations?

	a. The use of ribbed, groin vaults in the nave
	b. The use of a clerestory
	c. Flying buttresses
	d. All of the above
	e. B and C only

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The Coronation Gospels and the Ebbo Gospels both depict and image of St. Mark. Which of the following describes one of the differences of how St. Mark is presented in each of these gospels?

	a. In the Coronation Gospels, Mark sits in a library, whereas in the Ebbo Gospels he stands in a desert.
	b. In the Coronation Gospels, Mark is writing, whereas in the Ebbo Gospels he is contemplating a vision.
	c. The Coronation Gospels is a diptych, while the Ebbo Gospels is a book.
	d. The style of the Coronation Gospels is calm and classicizing, whereas the Ebbo Gospels is somewhat abstracted and filled with a sense of energy.
	e. All of the above

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The earliest Christian churches (excluding the “house church” type) appropriated which Roman building type?

	a. The temple
	b. The bath house
	c. The basilica
	d. The amphitheater
	e. All of the above

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The Gero Crucifix is an example of which of the following types of art?

	a. Mozarabic
	b. Gothic
	c. Carolingian
	d. Byzantine
	e. Ottonian

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The majority of Viking and Barbarian art can be identified as which of the following?

	a. Small, portable objects, especially metalwork
	b. Large-scale stone statuary
	c. Architecture
	d. Fresco painting
	e. Stained glass

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The mosaic panels of Justinian and Theodora in San Vitale depict which of the following?

	a. The emperor and empress as if they are participating in the church ceremony
	b. The emperor and empress as Christ and the Virgin
	c. The emperor and empress as they appear in the afterlife
	d. All of the above
	e. A and C only

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The Romanesque art of Spain in Catalonia combines which different styles?

	a. Mozarabic, Classical, and Norman
	b. Mozarabic, Byzantine, and Classical
	c. Classical, Gothic, and Byzantine
	d. Classical and Viking
	e. Mozarabic and Ottonian

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The stained glass window known as the “Tree of Jesse” is in which church?

	a. Santiago de Compostela
	b. Cologne Cathedral
	c. Chartres Cathedral
	d. Amiens Cathedral
	e. The Abbey Church of Saint-Denis

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The style of the French court in the Late Gothic period is best exemplified by which of the following?

	a. Sainte-Chapelle in Paris
	b. The façade of Amiens Cathedral
	c. The Angel Gabriel from the façade of Reims Cathedral
	d. All of the above
	e. A and C only

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The “Hell Mouth” is depicted in which of the following medieval manuscripts?

	a. The Winchester Psalter
	b. The Ebbo Gospels
	c. The Worcester Chronicle
	d. The Coronation Gospels
	e. The Book of Kells

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What distinctive architecture is the Great Mosque of Cordoba in Spain known for?

	a. Hypostyle hall
	b. Horseshoe arches
	c. Double arcades
	d. Domed mihrab
	e. All of the above

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What is a “blind arcade”?

	a. A decorative architectural feature in which arcades are embedded into a wall surface and do not open up onto any space
	b. An arcade that is hidden behind an iconostasis, and thus can only be seen by priests
	c. A free-standing arcade, independent of any other architectural structure
	d. A row of arched windows
	e. None of the above

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What is a “historiated capital?”

	a. An important cultural center in the Romanesque period
	b. A capital with images sculpted in relief, rather than the traditional capitals of the Classical orders
	c. A decorative program in which style is deliberately retrospective
	d. Both B and C
	e. None of the above

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What is the overall unified theme of the tympanum sculpture on the Royal Portal at Chartres?

	a. Christ
	b. The Virgin Mary
	c. The Twelve Disciples
	d. The Four Evangelists
	e. Heaven

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What is the significance of the location of the Dome of the Rock?

	a. It was built on the site of the Temple of Solomon.
	b. It is the site from which Muhammad is believed to have ascended to the heavens.
	c. It is the site where the creation of Adam is thought to have taken place.
	d. It is believed to be the site where Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son, Isaac.
	e. All of the above

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What purpose does a flying buttress serve in the architecture of a Gothic church?

	a. It is a purely decorative feature.
	b. It provides added support for the nave vault.
	c. It creates the illusion of height in an otherwise low nave.
	d. It is a form of articulation that divides up a nave bay.
	e. It is a drainage system.

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What was a benefit to using a pointed arch, rather than a rounded arch?

	a. Pointed arches could be taller than rounded arches.
	b. Pointed arches required less skill to construct.
	c. Pointed arches allowed for arches of different widths, though with keystones at the same level.
	d. Pointed arches were faster to construct.
	e. All of the above

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What was the goal of portal sculpture on medieval cathedrals?

	a. To intimidate the viewer
	b. To educate the viewer
	c. To confuse the viewer
	d. A and B only
	e. A and C only

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What were the main objects that a pilgrim hoped to see in a pilgrimage church?

	a. Stained glass
	b. Statues
	c. Relics
	d. Paintings
	e. Prayer candles

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Which element was NOT found in early Christian churches (as exemplified in Old St. Peter’s)?

	a. Nave
	b. Atrium
	c. Transept
	d. Impluvium
	e. Apse

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Which feature would you be most likely to encounter in a Romanesque church?

	a. Pointed arches
	b. Rounded arches
	c. Radiating chapels
	d. Stained glass
	e. Both B and C

.

Which of the following best describes the function of a Byzantine icon?

	a. It was meant to be worshipped as an idol.
	b. It sought to faithfully imitate the real world.
	c. It was meant to be used as a tool to better access the divine world.
	d. All of the above
	e. A and B only

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Which of the following describes the Monastery of Cluny?

	a. It was the largest monastery ever built in the West.
	b. It was one of the most powerful religious centers in the Romanesque period.
	c. It was a Cistercian monastery.
	d. All of the above
	e. A and B only

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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Gothic architecture?

	a. Post and lintel construction
	b. The rounded arch
	c. The pointed arch
	d. The narthex
	e. Westwork

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Which of the following is considered to be the most successful High Gothic (or most representative of the goals of the High Gothic) cathedral façade?

	a. Chartres Cathedral
	b. The Abbey Church of Saint-Denis
	c. Sainte-Chapelle in Paris
	d. Notre Dame in Paris
	e. Reims Cathedral

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Which of the following is one drawback of the engineering style of so-called “First Gothic” churches, as exemplified at Notre Dame in Paris, is:

	a. Low ceilings
	b. A lack of light
	c. Clumsy stonework
	d. Excessively thick walls
	e. All of the above

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Which of the following statements about the church of St. Sophia in Kiev is false?

	a. It was likely built by architects from Constantinople.
	b. It has some of the best-preserved examples of Middle Byzantine mosaic decoration.
	c. It is a smaller version of Hagia Sophia.
	d. It is an excellent example of early Gothic architecture.
	e. Both C and D

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Which of the following statements best describes the Carolingian Palatine Chapel at Aachen?

	a. It is modeled after the church of San Vitale in Ravenna.
	b. It uses stained glass to bring in an other-worldly light.
	c. It incorporated spolia from Rome and Byzantium.
	d. All of the above
	e. A and C only

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Who sculpted the Last Judgment tympanum at the Cathedral of Autun?

	a. Iktinos
	b. Anthemius of Tralles
	c. Polykleitos
	d. Gislebertus
	e. Agrippa

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Who was the first Christian emperor?

	a. Constantine
	b. Justinian
	c. Charlemagne
	d. Maxentius
	e. Saint Peter

.

Much of early Christian art is syncretic. Which of the following best describes what this means?

	a. It was kept hidden from the public.
	b. It was fused with older, established artistic traditions.
	c. It was illegal.
	d. It was not part of the repertoire of professional artists.
	e. All of the above

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