Auguste Rodin’s sculpture contains both traditional and modernist elements. Which of the following could be described as modernist innovations in Rodin’s The Gates of Hell?

	a. Religious subject matter
	b. References to Dante’s Inferno
	c. The fragmentation and repetition of figural forms
	d. Bronze casting
	e. The use of plaster models

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Impressionist artists focused on certain themes. The subject matter (content, story) of Impressionist painting was limited to all of the following except:

	a. industrialized landscapes.
	b. cafes, restaurants, and dancing halls.
	c. the city of Paris.
	d. boating parties.
	e. religion and mythology.

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In 1863, the Salon rejected Edouard Manet’s Luncheon on the Grass. Which of the following statements is true?

	a. Nudes were acceptable only when appearing in mythological or allegorical paintings.
	b. The painting was rejected because the style was not realistic enough.
	c. Nudes were completely banned since 1815.
	d. The jury was upset, because Edouard Manet placed his own brother together with a nude, and that was considered an insult to the society.
	e. The painting was too large to be hung in the Salon.

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Japanese art had many characteristics that appealed to 19th-century European artists. Which of the following was not one of these characteristics?

	a. Asymmetrical compositions
	b. Sinuous, decorative lines
	c. Bright, unmodulated colors
	d. Battle scenes
	e. Depiction of everyday life

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Post-Impressionism differs most from Impressionism in:

	a. its greater interest in scientific theories of color.
	b. its contemporary subject matter.
	c. its visible brushwork.
	d. its bright colors
	e. its origin in France.

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The term “Impressionism” was coined to describe a painting by which artist?

	a. Claude Monet
	b. Edgar Degas
	c. Berthe Morisot
	d. Mary Cassatt
	e. Eduard Manet

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The term “Modernism” refers to which of the following?

	a. Art created in the last decade
	b. Changes in Western societies in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
	c. The Age of Enlightenment
	d. Renaissance art
	e. Fashion trends of the 1930s

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Which of the following best describes design features of the Art Nouveau style?

	a. Art Nouveau artists placed a strong emphasis on clean straight lines.
	b. Art Nouveau artists rejected ornamentation.
	c. Art Nouveau style relied on geometric forms and saturated bright colors.
	d. Art Nouveau artists preferred sinuous lines, nature-inspired curves, and rich ornamentation.
	e. Art Nouveau style was limited to painting and architecture.

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Which of the following female artists was an Impressionist painter?

	a. Elizabeth Vigee-Lebrun
	b. Angelica Kauffmann
	c. Berthe Morisot
	d. Mary Cassatt
	e. Both C and D

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Which of the following is true of Pointillism?

	a. The term is used to describe the technique according to which tiny dots of pure color are placed on the canvas and the viewer’s eye does the “mixing” and blending of colors.
	b. Toulouse Lautrec is the founder of Pointillism.
	c. Georges Seurat was interested in optical effects and developed Pointillism.
	d. Both A and C
	e. Both A and B

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Which of the following techniques does not accurately describe the Impressionist painting style?

	a. Fragmentation of form
	b. Plein air painting
	c. The capture of the transient effect of sunlight
	d. Short, thick brush strokes and free brushwork
	e. Minimal use of black paint

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Which Post-Impressionist artist spent his most productive years in Tahiti?

	a. Vincent van Gogh
	b. Toulouse Lautrec
	c. Paul Gauguin
	d. Georges Seurat
	e. Paul Cezanne

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Which Post-Impressionist artist suggested that the natural world can be reduced to a sphere, a cone, and a cylinder?

	a. Vincent van Gogh
	b. Paul Cezanne
	c. Paul Gauguin
	d. Georges Seurat
	e. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

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Collage is a technique that involves which of the following?

	a. Pasting lightweight materials or objects onto a flat surface
	b. Fastening together heavy objects, such as pipes and rods
	c. Applying a very thick layer of paint to canvas to get a textured painting surface
	d. Covering the canvas with layers of transparent glaze
	e. Placing pieces of stained glass into an iron frame

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In his essay, “Modern Painting,” Guillaume Apollinaire states which of the following?

	a. In modern painting, verisimilitude no longer has importance.
	b. In modern painting, the subject is very important.
	c. In modern painting, the aim of painting is to give pleasure to the eye.
	d. In modern painting, the titles reflect the narrative.
	e. Both A and C

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Pablo Picasso’s 1907 Les Demoiselles d’Avignon:

	a. shows the influence of African art in the depiction of the female figures.
	b. was inspired by a trip Picasso took to Africa in 1906.
	c. illustrates the influence of Vincent van Gogh’s brushstrokes.
	d. is considered an exemplar of Picasso’s Blue period.
	e. marks Picasso’s transition from Analytic to Synthetic Cubism.

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Which of the following does not accurately describe Analytic Cubism?

	a. Paintings appear almost monochromatic.
	b. The color palette is limited to browns, ocher, grays, and blacks.
	c. The subject matter is limited to still lifes, portraits, and musical instruments.
	d. Text never appears on the canvas.
	e. There is fragmentation of form and a series of overlapping planes.

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The above image is available from Wikipedia, is public domain, and can be found here:

Which of the following statements about Analytic Cubism is false?

	a. It emphasizes the flatness of canvas.
	b. It reduces and fragments objects and forms into geometric shapes.
	c. It is also called “hermetic.”
	d. It was created by Pablo Picasso alone.
	e. It predates Synthetic Cubism.

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Which of the following statements about Cubism is/are most accurate?

	a. Cubism was founded by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.
	b. Cubism was inspired by the art of Paul Cézanne and African art.
	c. Cubism was inspired by Impressionism.
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both A and C

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Which of the following statements about Fauvism is false?

	a. Fauvism was influenced by the painting techniques and color theories of Georges Seurat and Paul Signac.
	b. Fauve artists were interested in the decorative abstraction of African artifacts.
	c. Fauvists often used paint directly from the tube without mixing and preparing colors.
	d. Fauve artists used strong, undisguised brushstrokes.
	e. The founder and leader of Fauves was Maurice de Vlaminck.

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Which of the following statements about Synthetic Cubism is false?

	a. The technique of collage was introduced.
	b. The technique of papier collé was created.
	c. Fragments of real newspaper, cardboard, or playing cards were used for paintings.
	d. Synthetic Cubism is less colorful than Analytic Cubism.
	e. Synthetic Cubism is more colorful than Analytic Cubism.

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Which of the statements below concerning the influence of African art on Cubism and Fauvism is false?

	a. Cubists and Fauvists were attracted to the formal qualities of African art but knew little about the cultural contexts in which African objects were produced.
	b. Cubists and Fauvists carefully studied the original uses of African objects in order to understand the meanings these objects had for their original, African users.
	c. Cubists and Fauvists were attracted to African art’s deformation of form for expressive purposes.
	d. The abstraction Cubists and Fauvists found in African art validated their own move to abstract form.
	e. European colonialism made African objects accessible to artists in France.

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Nonfigurative painting differs from figurative painting, because nonfigurative painting:

	a. contains only anonymous, not named, individuals.
	b. contains recognizable objects but no human figures.
	c. refers only to geometric forms.
	d. contains no recognizable depictions of any referent in the real world.
	e. was practiced only in Russia in the early 20th century.

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Which artist was the first to completely reject figurative imagery and any references to the natural world and painted the first modern abstract work?

	a. Pablo Picasso
	b. Henry Matisse
	c. Wassily Kandinsky
	d. Franz Marc
	e. Umberto Boccioni

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Which of the following statements about Constantin Brancusi’s The Kiss of 1916 is false?

	a. The sculpture depicts a homosexual embrace.
	b. The fusion of the male and female figures suggests the unifying power of love.
	c. The reduction to the essential forms is a hallmark of Brancusi’s mature work.
	d. The abstraction emphases the universality of the theme of love.
	e. The rough surface of the stone block suggests premodern works of art.

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Which of the following statements about Der Blaue Reiter is false?

	a. Der Blaue Reiter organized an exhibition that included works of premodern Western art, folk art, non-Western art, and the art of children, as well as works by contemporary European artists.
	b. The group revolved around Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc.
	c. The group was created as a response to the rejection of Kandinsky’s painting from an exhibition.
	d. The group worked closely with the Die Brücke group in Dresden.
	e. The name of the group had spiritual implications for Kandinsky.

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Which of the following statements about Futurism is false?

	a. Futurism emerged in Italy as an artistic and literary movement.
	b. The leader of Italian Futurists was Filippo Tommaso Marinetti.
	c. “The Futurist Manifesto” was first published in 1909.
	d. Futurism was an isolated Italian phenomenon.
	e. Italian Futurists were nationalists.

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Which of the following statements about Giacomo Balla’s Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash, an oil painting of 1912, is false?

	a. The subject matter shows that Balla was more interested in animals than in human beings.
	b. Balla used lines of force, blurring, and the repetition of forms to convey the idea of movement in space.
	c. Balla’s painting is similar to the photographs of Eadweard Muybridge in its attempt to convey speed and motion.
	d. The painting shows that Balla, like F. T. Marinetti, equated modernity with movement.
	e. The painting focuses only on the dog and the feet of its human owner in order to emphasize dynamic motion itself.

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Which of the following statements about Italian Futurists and manifestos is false?

	a. Italian Futurists wrote only one main manifesto.
	b. Antonio Sant’Elia wrote the “Manifesto of Futurist Architecture.”
	c. Italian Futurists wrote a number of manifestos.
	d. Umberto Boccioni authored “The Technical Manifesto of Futurist Sculpture.”
	e. “Manifesto of Futurist Musicians” was written in 1910.

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Which of the following statements about the art of Die Brücke group is false?

	a. Their paintings and woodcuts emphasized subjectivity over objectivity.
	b. They expressively distorted the figures in their composition to convey psychological states.
	c. Their works often express anxiety caused by the rapid social changes and increasing urbanization of modern life.
	d. Many of their works illustrate their interest in premodern German styles or the art of non-Western societies.
	e. Their art usually conveys the harmony and beauty of everyday contemporary life.

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Which of the following statements about the Italian Futurists is false?

	a. They admired speed and praised war and violence.
	b. They admired the industrial city and the machine.
	c. They dismissed art critics.
	d. They rejected art of the past.
	e. They found models for their art in the specifically Italian art of the Renaissance and ancient Romans.

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Which of the following statements about Wassily Kandinsky is false?

	a. Kandinsky was influenced by Theosophy and teachings of Helena Blavatsky.
	b. Kandinsky authored a theoretical treatise titled “Concerning the Spiritual in Art.”
	c. Kandinsky was fascinated by Russian folk art and religious architecture.
	d. Kandinsky was fascinated with color symbolism.
	e. Kandinsky was a member of the Die Brücke group.

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Which of the following statements does not accurately describe Umberto Boccioni’s Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, a bronze sculpture of 1913 (pictured below)?

	a. The human form has been reduced to the essential elements necessary to convey the notion of dynamic movement.
	b. The sculpture portrays modern man as an anonymous and machine-like exemplar of speed and forward motion.
	c. The sculpture shows the influence of Cubism’s abstraction and fragmentation of form.
	d. The sculpture is larger than life size in order to show the supremacy of modern man.
	e. Boccioni used a very traditional material to portray a modern theme.

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Constructivists operated with which of the following notions?

	a. Factura
	b. Tectonic
	c. Chiaroscuro
	d. Sfumato
	e. Both A and B

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Constructivists saw which of the following as their task?

	a. Bringing fine arts to Russian provinces
	b. Reviving Russian folk arts
	c. Investigating the properties of various materials and finding the forms and techniques appropriate to each material
	d. Conveying Communism’s egalitarian ideology through the formal elements of a work of art
	e. Both C and D

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Kazimir Malevich did all of the following except:

	a. he launched Suprematism in 1915, at the “0,10 Last Futurist Exhibition.”
	b. he designed backdrops and costumes for the Futurist opera, “Victory over the Sun,” staged in December 1913 in St. Petersburg.
	c. he experimented with Cubist and Futurist styles.
	d. he denied that his works had any spiritual or transcendental meanings.
	e. he attributed spiritual and transcendental meanings to his Suprematist works.

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The artists associated with Suprematism, Constructivism, and De Stijl all had utopian goals for their art. Which of the following statements best describes their utopian goals?

	a. Proceeds from the sale of their works would be donated to feed the poor.
	b. The formal elements of art would change a viewer’s perception of the world and therefore improve human life.
	c. The works suggest that a better life awaits human beings after death.
	d. The art would provide a beautiful escape from the realities of modern life.
	e. The works had clearly recognizable antiwar themes.

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Which of the following statements about Cubo-Futurism is false?

	a. It is a fusion of French Cubism and Italian Futurism.
	b. It is a uniquely Russian modernist style.
	c. It combines Cubist fragmentation of form with Futurist representation of movement.
	d. Natalia Goncharova was one of the finest Russian Cubo-Futurist artists.
	e. Wassily Kandinsky was the leader of Russian Cubo-Futurists.

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Which of the following statements about De Stijl is/are true?

	a. De Stijl was also known as neoplasticism.
	b. De Stijl was a Dutch artistic movement.
	c. De Stijl was concerned only with architecture.
	d. Both A and C
	e. Both A and B

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Which of the following statements about Piet Mondrian’s paintings is false?

	a. Horizontal and vertical lines are meant to suggest the balance between all possible oppositions, such as life/death, material/spiritual, male/female, and so forth
	b. Mondrian’s mature paintings use only the primary colors and black and white.
	c. Mondrian’s paintings were meant to convey his Theosophical ideas about spirituality.
	d. The paint application simultaneously emphasizes the two-dimensionality of the picture plane and the three-dimensionality of the painted canvas.
	e. Mondrian’s paintings emphasize the reality of the material world and deny the possibility of spiritual transcendence.

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“I have transformed myself in the zero of form and dragged myself out of the rubbish-filled pool of Academic art.” Where is this quote from?

	a. Marinetti’s “The Futurist Manifesto” of 1909
	b. Apollinaire’s “Modern Painting” of 1912
	c. Malevich’s “From Cubism and Futurism to Suprematism” of 1915
	d. Breton’s “Manifesto of Surrealism” of 1924
	e. Larionov’s “Rayonism” of 1913

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Dada and Surrealist artists used nonart materials in many of their works for all of the following reasons except:

	a. to break down the barriers between high art and everyday life.
	b. to save money by avoiding expensive, artistic materials.
	c. to shock their bourgeois audiences by using unexpected materials.
	d. to show that the surreal could be found in everyday life and objects.
	e. to incorporate the notion of chance in their use of materials and processes.

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Dadaist artists used all of the following except:

	a. collage.
	b. assemblage.
	c. readymades.
	d. chiaroscuro.
	e. photomontage.

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Theories of which of the following psychologists had an impact on Surrealist artists?

	a. John Dewey
	b. Harvey Carr
	c. Sigmund Freud
	d. Carl Jung
	e. Wilhelm Wundt

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What did Andre Breton celebrate in his “Surrealist Manifesto?”

	a. The marvelous
	b. War and destruction
	c. Traditional, naturalistic painting and sculpture
	d. The world of the imagination and dreams
	e. Both A and D

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Which of the following is an example of a readymade?

	a. Raoul Haussmann’s “ABCD”
	b. Marcel Duchamp’s “Fountain”
	c. Hannah Hoch’s “Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife”
	d. Kurt Schwitter’s “Merzbau”
	e. John Heartfield’s “Adolph the Superman”

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Which of the following statements about Marcel Duchamp’s “readymades” is false?

	a. They suggest that art is a culturally determined and therefore mutable category rather than a fixed and eternal essence.
	b. They prove that any object can be beautiful if we take the time to look at it carefully.
	c. They emphasize the artist’s act of selecting an object rather than the act of making one.
	d. They break down the barrier between the fine arts and all other types of human production.
	e. They greatly influenced the work of several Neo-Dada and Pop artists.

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Which of the following statements about Marcel Duchamp’s Nude Descending a Staircase is false?

	a. It was displayed at the armory show in 1913.
	b. It fuses Cubist and Futurist features.
	c. Its palette is relatively monochromatic.
	d. It is an example of nonfigurative art.
	e. The painting was rejected at the “Salon des Independents.”

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Which of the following statements about the Dada movement is false?

	a. Dada was an international movement based on a philosophy of negation.
	b. Dada works emphasize spirituality and transcendence.
	c. Dada artists blamed bourgeois culture for the devastation of World War I.
	d. Dada was a protest against bourgeois nationalism and colonialism.
	e. Dada was considered “anti-art.”

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The paintings of Edward Hopper are characterized by which of the following:

	a. Solitude, melancholy, and alienation
	b. Energy, dynamism, and speed
	c. Rationality, harmony, and order
	d. Humor and folk tales
	e. War and natural disaster

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What was the significance of the 1913 Armory Show?

	a. It proved that American artists were more daring and innovative than their European counterparts.
	b. It inspired American artists to experiment more boldly with abstraction and nonnaturalistic colors and forms.
	c. It was the first international exhibition of art ever held.
	d. It encouraged numerous American artists to study art in Paris.
	e. It displayed the art of children, the insane, and the homeless along with that of artists.

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What were the educational goals of the Bauhaus?

	a. To train students in all the visual arts and prepare them to produce objects for industrial production
	b. To teach Old Master painting and sculptural techniques
	c. To produce handmade works that could compete with those made by machine
	d. To train only architects and industrial designers
	e. To train artists in textiles, ceramics, and graphic design

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Which of the following did not have a profound influence on the art of France, Germany, and Russia in the 1920s and 1930s?:

	a. Nationalism
	b. Industrial production
	c. The destruction of World War I
	d. New technologies
	e. Traditional folklore tales

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Which of the following movements emphasized nationalistic subject matter portrayed in a folksy, naturalistic style?

	a. Purism
	b. Urban Realism
	c. Regionalism
	d. The New Objectivity
	e. The Bauhaus

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Which of the following was not characteristic of Purism in France?

	a. It was influenced by technology and machine production.
	b. It valued legibility and rational order.
	c. Classical harmony and balance were highly valued.
	d. It emphasized dynamic speed and change.
	e. It was a reaction to the chaos of World War I.

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Which of the following artists was inspired by mythology?

	a. Franz Kline
	b. Mark Rothko
	c. Willem de Kooning
	d. Ad Reinhardt
	e. Jackson Pollock

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Which of the following is not one of the reasons that New York became the new center for art after World War II?

	a. Numerous European modernists fled to the United States during and after the war.
	b. The United States emerged from the war as a global political power.
	c. New York had the best art schools in the world.
	d. Europe was economically devastated by the war.
	e. The United States had the most prosperous economy after the war.

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Which of the following statements about Clement Greenberg’s essay, “Avant-Garde and Kitsch,” is false?

	a. Greenberg argued that only the formal elements of a work of art had importance.
	b. Greenberg defined “kitsch” as easily recognizable subject matter painted in a naturalistic style that required no thought on the part of the viewer.
	c. Greenberg claimed that art no longer had relevance or value for modern society.
	d. Greenberg argued that avant-garde art kept culture moving.
	e. Greenberg believed that abstract, avant-garde art served a political purpose although it had no political subject matter.

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Which of the following statements about Jackson Pollock’s paintings is false?

	a. His best known works are characterized by drips, pours, and splashes of paint.
	b. His works were used by the United States government to promote American Liberalism.
	c. His paintings are characterized by an allover format that seems to continue past the edges of the canvas.
	d. His paintings emphasize process and evoke ideas of spontaneity and authenticity.
	e. His works were directly inspired by German Expressionist paintings of the 1910s.

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Which of the following statements is/are true of “action painting”?

	a. Harold Rosenberg coined the term in 1952.
	b. It is also called “gesture painting.”
	c. Mark Rothko worked in this style.
	d. Both A and C
	e. Both A and B

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Who created the painting below?

	a. Mark Rothko
	b. Willim de Kooning
	c. Clyfford Still
	d. Jackson Pollock
	e. Franz Kline

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The image above is available from wallyg, licensed under Creative Common Attribution-NonCommercial-NonDerivs 2.0, and can be found here:

Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley, and Elizabeth Taylor appear in whose works?

	a. Jackson Pollock’s
	b. Andy Warhol’s
	c. Roy Lichtenstein’s
	d. Willem de Kooning’s
	e. Gustav Klimt’s

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What is the significance of the Ben-Day dots in Roy Lichtenstein’s work?

	a. They made it easy for Lichtenstein’s assistants to silkscreen the work.
	b. They refer to the mechanically reproduced comics that were the source of Lichtenstein’s subject matter.
	c. They remove the hand of the artist and deny personal expressivity.
	d. They made it easier for Lichtenstein to produce works quickly and cheaply.
	e. Both B and C

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Which earlier 20th-century artist had the most influence on Neo-Dada and Pop Art of the 1950s and 1960s?

	a. Marcel Duchamp
	b. Hannah Hoch
	c. Pablo Picasso
	d. Wassily Kandinsky
	e. George Grosz

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Which of the following statements about Claes Oldenburg is false?

	a. Oldenburg is a Swedish sculptor.
	b. Oldenburg makes oversized sculptures of everyday objects.
	c. Oldenburg makes soft sculptures of everyday objects.
	d. Oldenburg wrapped buildings and bridges in various materials
	e. Oldenburg is generally associated with Pop Art

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Which of the following statements about Pop Art is false?

	a. It emerged as a reaction against Abstract Expressionism.
	b. It emerged in Great Britain.
	c. It attempted to continue the heroic themes found in Abstract Expressionism.
	d. It displays similarities with Dada Art.
	e. It displays the influence of mass culture and advertisements.

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Which of the following statements characterizes Pop Art’s relationship to consumer culture?

	a. It is often hard to determine if the works celebrate, critique, or accept consumer culture.
	b. Pop Art uncritically celebrates everything about consumer culture.
	c. Pop Art brought the world of consumer culture into art museums.
	d. Both A and C
	e. Both B and C

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Donald Judd’s works evoke ideas of industrial fabrication through all of the following except:

	a. the serial repetition of forms.
	b. the use of industrial materials.
	c. the use of strictly geometric forms.
	d. the use of unpainted surfaces or monochromatic colors.
	e. the lack of titles for the works.

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How does Clement Greenberg define modernist painting in his essay, “Modernist Painting”?

	a. It is a complete and absolute break with all the art of the past.
	b. It is like kitsch in its use of recognizable subject matter and naturalistic style.
	c. It emphasizes the tension between the fact of the picture’s two-dimensional surface and the illusion of three-dimensional space.
	d. It emphasizes the absolute flatness of the picture plane with no illusion of three-dimensional space.
	e. It includes techniques borrowed from the other visual arts.

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Robert Morris produced work that was associated with all of the following movements except:

	a. Process Art
	b. Minimalism
	c. Land Art
	d. Performance Art
	e. Arte Povera

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Which of the following artists was associated with Arte Povera?

	a. Alighiero Boetti
	b. Donald Judd
	c. Eva Hesse
	d. Robert Morris
	e. Joseph Beuys

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Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of Minimalism?

	a. Geometric form
	b. Curvilinear lines
	c. Industrial materials
	d. Serial repetition
	e. Industrial fabrication

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Which of the following statements best describes the sculpture of Eva Hesse?

	a. Her nontraditional materials and processes evoke organic qualities and suggest the absurdity of life.
	b. Her rigidly geometric forms imply order and stasis,
	c. Her large abstract works are made of durable materials that are impervious to time.
	d. Her sculptures were designed to be used in performances by herself and other artists.
	e. She used only found objects and organic materials to construct her sculptures.

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Which of the following statements describing Joseph Beuys’s “I Like America and America Likes Me” is false?

	a. It contains elements found in Happenings and in Performance Art.
	b. It was performed numerous times in many American cities.
	c. It experiments with the boundary between human and animal.
	d. It has a pointed political message.
	e. It reflects his interest in the spirituality of animals.

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Which artist was also a major theorist of Land Art?

	a. Nancy Holt
	b. Michael Heizer
	c. Sol LeWitt
	d. Joseph Kosuth
	e. Robert Smithson

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Which of the following statements about Conceptual Art is/are accurate?

	a. Conceptual art privileges the idea of a work over its execution.
	b. The artist conceives the idea for a work but the execution of it may be performed by others.
	c. The works are always impermanent and executed on a large scale.
	d. A and B
	e. B and C

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Which of the following statements about Installation Art is false?

	a. Installation Art can only be found in museums specifically built for that purpose.
	b. Installation Art may use both traditional and nontraditional artistic materials.
	c. Installation Art often appeals to many of all of the senses, not just the visual.
	d. Installation Art may be found in public and private spaces as well as museums and galleries.
	e. Installation Art modifies the traditional relationship between the work of art and the viewer.

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Which of the following statements about Land Art is false?

	a. Many works of Land Art use materials found at the site in which they are constructed.
	b. Some Land Art is created with industrial materials and processes as well as local organic materials.
	c. Michael Heizer, Nancy Holt, Robert Smithson, and Robert Morris produced works characterized as Land Art.
	d. Most works of Land Art refer to specific premodern monuments created by the ancient Egyptians.
	e. Most works of Land Art are subject to the depredations of time and weather because they are located outdoors.

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Which of the following statements about the work of Christo and Jeanne-Claude is false?

	a. The artists “wrapped” bridges, buildings, and islands in various materials.
	b. Their works focus attention on the social and political structures in which art operates.
	c. Their works remain at the site and alter it permanently.
	d. Their works are ephemeral and are dismantled after a specified period of time.
	e. The artists completely fund their works themselves and never accept grants from any source.

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Who wrote “Paragraphs on Conceptual Art?”

	a. Sol LeWitt
	b. Joseph Kosuth
	c. Robert Smithson
	d. Joseph Beuys
	e. Eva Hesse

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Which of the following is not a postmodernist characteristic of Cindy Sherman’s “Film Still” series?

	a. Sherman is both the artist and the subject of her photographs.
	b. Sherman appropriates imagery from popular culture in her art.
	c. Sherman used photography to produce these works, and photography is always postmodernist.
	d. Sherman critiques media representations of women.
	e. Sherman suggests that gender and identity are culturally rather than biologically determined entities.

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Which of the following statements about postmodernism is false?

	a. Postmodernism privileges the copy over the original.
	b. Postmodernism emphasizes plurality and heterogeneity.
	c. The artists considered postmodernist only produce abstract works in nontraditional materials.
	d. Deconstructive postmodernism rejects all of modernism’s values completely while constructive postmodernism attempts to revise modernism’s goals.
	e. Postmodernism challenges the hierarchy that places the fine arts above all other forms of human production.

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Which of the following statements about Sherrie Levine’s appropriation of the work of earlier male artists is false?

	a. Levine’s work suggests that there is no such thing as true originality.
	b. Levine’s work critiques an art culture that privileges the work of men over that of women.
	c. Levine’s work highlights the impact of photographic reproduction on the visual arts.
	d. Levine’s work was inspired by the work of Cindy Sherman.
	e. Levine’s work comments on copying as a traditional artistic training practice.

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Which of the following values is not associated with modernism?

	a. Originality
	b. Authenticity
	c. Purity
	d. Individuality
	e. Plurality

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Laurie Anderson is best known for which type of art?

	a. Performance
	b. Minimalism
	c. Process Art
	d. Arte Povera
	e. Land Art

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Which of the following characteristics do Installation Art and Performance Art share?

	a. Both often incorporate multisensory experiences.
	b. Both may use nontraditional venues and may modify the relationship between the viewer and the work of art.
	c. Both always have specific political messages.
	d. Both A and B
	e. Both B and C

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Which of the following is characteristic of both traditional theater and Performance Art?

	a. The use of live performers
	b. A recognizable plot or narrative
	c. The use of traditional theatrical spaces
	d. Clear boundaries between performers and audience
	e. Meanings conveyed through spoken dialogue alone

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Which of the following statements about Vito Acconci’s Following Piece is false?

	a. It highlights the social boundaries between public and private spaces.
	b. It breaks down the barriers between art and everyday life.
	c. It incorporates real time and space in a work of art.
	d. It makes the lives of ordinary people seem heroic and worthy of attention.
	e. It ended only when the people Acconci followed entered private spaces.

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What does the art of Romare Bearden have in common with that of Pablo Picasso and Hannah Hoch?

	a. The technique of collage
	b. The use of monochromatic colors
	c. The use of assistants to execute the work
	d. The avoidance of political meanings
	e. Nothing

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Which of the following characteristics of Faith Ringgold’s quilts would be considered specifically feminist?

	a. The use of textiles and quilting techniques
	b. The incorporation of narrative
	c. The depiction of the human figure
	d. The use of texts as well as visual imagery
	e. The use of primary colors

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Which of the following does not contribute to the political meanings of Judy Chicago’s The Dinner Party.

	a. Chicago collaborated with other women artists to produce this work.
	b. The work incorporates ceramics and textiles, materials traditionally associated with women.
	c. The work celebrates the achievements of women in various areas and numerous historical periods.
	d. All of the materials used were handmade instead of machine made.
	e. The dinner party theme emphasizes and critiques the primarily domestic role assigned to women by contemporary society.

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Which of the following statements about Betye Saar’s The Liberation of Aunt Jemima is false?

	a. It challenges viewers to reconsider their own racial prejudices when they encounter derogatory stereotypes.
	b. It questions racial and gender stereotypes.
	c. It highlights the relationship between consumer culture and racial stereotypes.
	d. It is similar to Pop Art in its appropriation of advertising imagery.
	e. It shows that racial tensions in the United States are a thing of the past.

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Which of the following statements about Barbara Kruger’s use of text in her work is false?

	a. Kruger’s text clearly indicates who is speaking and to whom the words are addressed.
	b. Kruger’s use of text was influenced by her work experience with Condé Nast publications.
	c. Kruger often uses “shifting” pronouns that make it hard to determine who is speaking and to whom.
	d. Kruger used text in her works on paper, in her installations, on objects, and on billboards.
	e. Kruger’s text often critiques contemporary politics or prejudices.

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Which of the following statements does not describe the art of Andy Warhol and Jeff Koons?

	a. The works often use the icons of popular culture as subject matter.
	b. The works are often partially or completely fabricated by assistants.
	c. It can be difficult to tell if the works celebrate or criticize consumer culture.
	d. Some of the works use or allude to industrial methods of production.
	e. The works unconditionally celebrate consumer culture.

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Who created the “Truisms” series of works?

	a. Barbara Kruger
	b. Jenny Holzer
	c. Allan McCollum
	d. Jeff Koons
	e. Damien Hirst

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Which artist coined the term “superflat” to describe his/her work?

	a. Damien Hirst
	b. Cai Guo-Qiang
	c. Barbara Kruger
	d. Takashi Murakami
	e. Andy Warhol

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Which contemporary artist is known for works produced with gunpowder?

	a. Takashi Murakami
	b. Gerhard Richter
	c. Cai Guo-Qiang
	d. Damien Hirst
	e. Georg Baselitz

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Which of the following is not a reason for the shift from a Western to a more global perspective in contemporary art?

	a. There are now more museums and galleries in Africa and Asia than in Europe and the United States.
	b. The number of international contemporary art fairs has greatly increased.
	c. The growth of the Internet and personal websites makes it easier for all artists to gain attention regardless of his or her geographic location.
	d. National economies are increasingly linked to and dependent upon a global market economy.
	e. Postmodernism’s emphasis on plurality and cultural relativity has made Western art centers more open to the art produced in non-Western cultures.

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Which of the following statements about Anselm Kiefer’s work is false?

	a. Kiefer’s subject matter has focused primarily on German history and culture.
	b. Kiefer has produced artist’s books as well as paintings.
	c. Kiefer’s “Occupations” is a series of photographic self-portraits.
	d. Kiefer’s references to Germany’s national socialist history have been more controversial in the United States, England, and France than in Germany.
	e. Several of Kiefer’s paintings show the influence of 19th-century German Romanticism.

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Which of the following statements about Damien Hirst’s “For the Love of God” is false?

	a. The title was inspired by a comment from the artist’s mother.
	b. The work comments on the way monetary value is assigned to all works of art.
	c. The work consists of a human skull encrusted with diamonds.
	d. The work refers to the tradition of “memento mori” in earlier still life painting.
	e. The work is considered an icon of British Pop Art.

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