According to your readings from the United States Department of Health and Human Services, "mental health" and "mental illness" are not polar opposites, but rather points that are

	a. on a continuum.
	b. in a thematic approach.
	c. resulting from personality development.
	d. the marks of disease burden and progression.

.

Fill in the blank. The degree to which an assessment technique measures what it is designed or intended to measure is called _______.

	a. reliability
	b. diagnosis
	c. validity
	d. assessment

.

Historically, mental health refers to the successful performance of mental functions, in terms of thought, mood, and behavior as related to _______ conditions.

	a. somatic
	b. environmental
	c. familial
	d. moral

.

Psychology made numerous advances in understanding mental illness and physical illness during which time period?

	a. Greek period
	b. The Renaissance
	c. The 18th century
	d. The 19th century

.

To which activity do clinical psychologists, on average, dedicate the most time?

	a. Diagnosis
	b. Assessment
	c. Psychotherapy
	d. Research

.

Which model represents the training philosophy in clinical psychology PhD?

	a. Scholar-Practitioner
	b. Scientist-Practitioner
	c. Clinical-Scientific
	d. Scholar-Scientist

.

Which of the following describes the difference between clinical psychologists and psychiatrists?

	a. A clinical psychologist cannot prescribe medication.
	b. A clinical psychologist is more interested in the treatment of mental illness.
	c. A clinical psychologist usually takes a more collaborative as opposed to an expert approach.
	d. A clinical psychologist has a degree in medicine.
	e. A and C only

.

Which of the following is NOT an advantage to a diagnostic system in clinical psychology?

	a. Diagnosis provides a language that allows for communication between practitioners.
	b. Diagnosis facilitates research of mental illness.
	c. Diagnosis may suggest a mode of treatment.
	d. Diagnosis does not convey useful information between the clinician and patient.

.

Which of the following is TRUE of mental disorder stigma?

	a. Explanations for stigma stem, in part, from the misguided split between mind and body first proposed by philosopher John Locke.
	b. Stigma is manifested by bias, distrust, or stereotyping.
	c. Patient access to resources and opportunities is increased because of stigma.
	d. Stigma cannot be overcome by using research, finding causes and effective treatments for mental disorders, or reviewing historical contexts to see patterns of stigma development.

.

Which of the following sequences best represents how clinical psychologists think about people and problems?

	a. Description, explanation, change of human functioning, diagnosis
	b. Description, explanation, prediction, change of human functioning
	c. Diagnosis, explanation, assessment, change of human functioning
	d. Diagnosis, explanation, prediction, change of human functioning

.

Which of the following statements best characterizes the progress in the science of clinical psychology?

	a. There have been many breakthrough findings, which have changed the field.
	b. There has been a slow and gradual accumulation across studies.
	c. There has been little progress in the science of clinical psychology.
	d. Clinical psychology shares its progress in research with social psychology.

.

According to your reading on abnormal psychology, which term is defined as "the inability to perform in one or more important areas of functioning" and is a consideration in identifying the presence of a mental disorder?

	a. Dysfunction
	b. Nervous breakdown
	c. Impairment
	d. Distress

.

According to your readings from the United States Department of Health and Human Services, about what percent of adults use mental health services in any given year?

	a. 5 percent
	b. 10 percent
	c. 15 percent
	d. 30 percent

.

According to your readings from the United States Department of Health and Human Services, what percent of the adult U.S. Population is affected by mental disorders during a given year?

	a. 40 percent
	b. 30 percent
	c. 20 percent
	d. 10 percent

.

According to your readings, which of the following is NOT a main criterion for defining abnormality?

	a. Danger
	b. Distress
	c. Dysfunction
	d. Desire

.

Fill in the blank. The concepts of risk and protective factors are most closely associated with the _______ of mental illness.

	a. treatment
	b. prevention
	c. maintenance
	d. remission

.

Fill in the blank. The theorist and scientist, _______, was also a developmental psychologist who expanded upon Freud's stages of psychosexual development.

	a. Jean Piaget
	b. Erik Erikson
	c. John Bowlby
	d. B.F. Skinner

.

Which broad list of symptoms best categorizes how mental illness is manifested?

	a. Anxiety, disturbances of thought and perception, dysregulation of mood, and cognitive dysfunction
	b. Anxiety, depression, psychosis, neurosis
	c. Anxiety, depression, disturbed appetite, loss of interest
	d. Depression, agitation, loss of reality, interpersonal dysfunction

.

Which concept reflects a movement in psychology to redefine the outcomes of treatment of mental illness to go beyond the medical model notion of "symptom relief"? (Note: This movement was fueled by consumers and has influenced the field in recent years).

	a. Recovery movement
	b. Consumer movement
	c. Holistic movement
	d. Rejuvenation movement

.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

	a. Negative symptoms are responsible for much of the chronic and long-term disability of the disorder.
	b. Negative symptoms have the most detrimental impact on the patient.
	c. Negative symptoms are the most obvious of the symptoms and include hallucinations and delusions.
	d. Both A and C

.

Which term refers to a model of mental illness that stresses the importance of multiple intersecting factors involved in the cause, manifestation, course, and outcome of health and disease?

	a. The Psychological Model of Disease
	b. The Biological Model of Disease
	c. The Biopsychosocial Model of Disease
	d. The Integrationist Model of Disease

.

Which theory of analysis stresses the importance of underlying conflicts of which people are mostly unaware?

	a. Social Learning Theory
	b. Cognitive-Behavioral Theory
	c. Integrationist Theory
	d. Psychodynamic Theory

.

According to Freud, the superego has two components: _______and________?

	a. ego, id
	b. reality principle, ego
	c. reality principle, id
	d. conscience, ego ideal

.

According to your readings, which therapist qualities have been linked to better client outcomes in treatment (e.g., health behavior change)?

	a. Therapist
	b. Empathy, therapeutic alliance, and creating an atmosphere of acceptance and belonging
	c. Physical attractiveness of the therapist
	d. Therapist availability during times of crises

.

Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. _______ therapy places a special emphasis on awareness and focuses on working with external and internal _______, which result in individual sensations as well as a structured whole.

	a. Gestalt, perceptions
	b. Interpersonal, dichotomies
	c. Cognitive-behavioral, logical inconsistencies
	d. Humanistic, ego defenses

.

In general, which statement is TRUE of treatment outcomes regarding clinician bias?

	a. Bias is reflected in over-diagnosis or misdiagnosis of mental disorders.
	b. Clinician bias is most apparent for African Americans with anxiety and bipolar disorder.
	c. Clinician judgment does not play a huge role in mental disorder diagnosing.
	d. Bias does not exist in the clinical setting.

.

In the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change, the processes of change include which of the following?

	a. Personal, cognitive, and environmental activities
	b. Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral activities
	c. Emotional, behavioral, and familial activities
	d. Personal, cognitive, and emotional activities

.

Read the following scenario, and then answer the question. A poor African American woman is experiencing symptoms of depression but does not seek help. Which of the following demographic aspects may decrease the likelihood that this person would seek help?

	a. Her race, gender, and educational status
	b. Her gender, age, and socio-economic status
	c. Her socio-economic status, educational status, and marriage status
	d. Her race, gender, and socio-economic status

.

The ultimate goal of which type of psychotherapy is to help the individual reach a point where awareness and decision making can be exercised responsibly, with an emphasis on the present and the potential for future development?

	a. Client-centered therapy
	b. Psychodynamic therapy
	c. Existential therapy
	d. Cognitive-behavioral therapy

.

When an individual with a mental illness improves in a treatment control group (as compared to an active treatment group), this person is said to experience which of the following?

	a. Recovery effect
	b. Law of probability effect
	c. Placebo effect
	d. Treatment effect

.

Which statement is FALSE regarding the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change?

	a. The processes of change are activities or experiences that promote change in thoughts, feelings, behaviors, or relationships.
	b. The self-efficacy construct is used independently from the temptation measure.
	c. The stages of change state that time required for progressing to the next stage is variable, but the set of tasks and the order of the stages are constant.
	d. Decision making involves constant and careful weighing of the pros and cons of a new behavior.

.

Which type of therapy focuses on current behavior rather than on early patterns of behavior?

	a. Cognitive-behavioral therapy
	b. Psychodynamic therapy
	c. Eclectic therapy
	d. Humanistic therapy

.

Which type of therapy focuses on relationships between people, aiming to improve an individual's relational skills (e.g., interaction/interacting with others)?

	a. Interpersonal therapy
	b. Feminist therapy
	c. Behavioral therapy
	d. Multi-modal therapy

.

Which type of therapy is an offshoot of psychodynamic therapy, is brief in nature, and is considered an empirically validated form of treatment?

	a. Ego analysis
	b. Psychoanalysis
	c. Object relations
	d. Interpersonal therapy

.

Community psychology focuses on which of the following?

	a. Empowering people, including them in the planning, agenda setting, and implementation of aspects regarding community psychological development
	b. Working toward individual goals within the community
	c. Separating groups to determine psychological issues and treatment
	d. Providing psychotherapy at an individual level

.

Neuropsychological assessment is accomplished by administering a battery of tests to determine age-appropriate cognitive function (e.g., normal aging vs. Alzheimer's), where the assessment determines what?

	a. Cognitive and behavioral ramifications of brain deficits and abnormalities
	b. Right-hemisphere and left-hemisphere differences
	c. Perceptual signs of disease diagnosis
	d. Genetic trends in mental disorders

.

The early detection and treatment of individuals with potentially damaging drinking problems would be an example of what type of prevention?

	a. Primary
	b. Secondary
	c. Tertiary
	d. Quaternary

.

The notion of temperament or the variations in personal traits were first described by which psychologist who made observations of children orphaned by World War II?

	a. Sigmund Freud
	b. Jean Piaget
	c. Anna Freud
	d. Erik Erickson

.

Which clinical psychology specialty focuses on transforming prevention, care, education, and research into obtainable goals for the overall well-being of the population?

	a. Community psychology
	b. Counseling psychology
	c. Health psychology
	d. Medical psychology

.

Which of the following risk factors are associated with mental disorders in older adults?

	a. Co-occurrence of disorders, marriage status, and occupation
	b. Socioeconomic status, isolation, and education
	c. General medical conditions, comorbidities, and marriage status
	d. Bereavement, comorbidities, and the number of medications taken

.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the notion of temperament?

	a. There is some continuity of temperament across the lifespan.
	b. Temperament is highly changeable across the lifespan and is therefore not a good predictor of outcome.
	c. Temperament can be modified during development, particularly through the interaction with a primary caregiver.
	d. Both A and C

.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding psychopharmacological treatment of mental disorders in children?

	a. There is sufficient evidence to support the use of most psychopharmacological therapies for children and adolescents with mental disorders.
	b. Only in the case of ADHD medications is there adequate evidence to support the conclusion that these therapies are safe and efficacious for children and adolescents.
	c. Drug companies are generally enthusiastic about conducting research on the use of psychopharmacology with children.
	d. Psychopharmacologic and psychotherapeutic treatments should never be combined when treating children or adolescents with mental disorders.

.

Which prevention program geared toward grade school children trains supervised nonprofessionals (called child associates) to establish a caring and trusting relationship with children?

	a. Head Start Program
	b. Carolina Abecedarian Project
	c. Primary Mental Health Project
	d. FastTrack

.

Which statement best describes the Head Start program?

	a. An early intervention program that has traditionally targeted young children in disadvantaged environments
	b. A treatment program that has traditionally targeted young children with behavioral difficulties
	c. A prevention program that targets teens with learning disabilities
	d. A treatment program that focuses on behavioral coping strategies in youth and adolescents

.

Which type of clinical psychologist might seek to assess an individual's level of danger to society?

	a. Health psychologist
	b. Forensic psychologist
	c. Community psychologist
	d. Neuropsychologist

.

Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. The symptom of _______ reflects a perceived detachment of the mind from the emotional state or even the body and is a critical symptom of _______, which falls in the family of anxiety disorders.

	a. hyper arousal, Generalized Anxiety Disorder
	b. recurrent thoughts, Social Phobia
	c. dissociation, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
	d. dissociation, Generalized Anxiety Disorder

.

Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. _______ is a future-oriented mood state, while _______ is a present-oriented mood state. However, both states are marked by negative affect and can exist on a spectrum from normal to abnormal. Disorders exist in children and adults when these normal mood states become persistent, become pervasive, impair functioning, and are associated with behavioral avoidance.

	a. Sadness, happiness
	b. Obsessions, compulsions
	c. Fear, tension
	d. Anxiety, fear

.

Fill in the blank. Dysregulation of the neurotransmitter called _______ has been implicated in Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

	a. GABA
	b. Serotonin
	c. Norepinephrine
	d. Adrenaline

.

Read the following scenario, and then answer the question. An individual sometimes experiences panic disorders when in class. According to the DSM-IV, what panic disorder subtype is this individual exhibiting?

	a. Situationally permitted
	b. Unexpected panic
	c. Situationally predisposed
	d. Situationally uncued

.

Read the following statements, and then answer the question. In the lecture on anxiety disorders in adults, a model of anxiety was presented. This model asserts there is a genetic vulnerability to anxiety/panic that interacts with psychological, experiential, and social factors in such a way that may result in anxiety disorders. What model best captures this description?

	a. Biopsychosocial model
	b. Medical model
	c. Stress-diathesis model
	d. Integrative model

.

Read the following statements, and then answer the question. In the lectures, there were several theories of the occurrence and process of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). The theory that people suffering from GAD worry to lessen their physical and emotional discomfort in the short-term is reflective of which perspective of GAD?

	a. Cognitive dysfunction of GAD
	b. Emotional dysregulation of GAD
	c. Behavioral perspective of GAD
	d. Existential view of GAD

.

Review the following scenario, and then answer the question. Michael is a 9-year-old boy who has been experiencing sadness, increased levels of apathy, nightmares at bedtime, and difficulty sleeping alone. He also has been refusing to go to school. As a child psychologist, you interview him and discover that he has an intense fear that his parents will be involved in an accident or fall ill when they are away from him. Given this evidence, what disorder is Michael most likely experiencing?

	a. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
	b. Separation Anxiety Disorder
	c. Depression
	d. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

.

Which anxiety disorder has a clear familial pattern and is sometimes linked to Tourette's disorder?

	a. Social Phobia
	b. Agoraphobia
	c. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
	d. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

.

Which behavioral technique used in the treatment of phobias involves creating a hierarchy of fears?

	a. Systematic desensitization
	b. Flooding
	c. Modeling
	d. Exposure

.

Which of the following personality traits are associated with social phobia in both children and adults?

	a. Low self-esteem and social inhibition
	b. Shyness and social inhibition
	c. Neuroticism and shyness
	d. Shyness and neuroticism

.

_______anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders in the aging population.

	a. Generalized
	b. Separation
	c. Specific
	d. Phobic

.

Beyond the history of manic or hypomanic episodes, which of the following features distinguish bipolar disorder from major depressive disorder in adults as compared to children?

	a. A greater likelihood of reversed vegetative symptoms
	b. Later age of onset
	c. Less frequent episodes or reoccurrences
	d. Lower familial prevalence

.

Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. In mood disorders, _______ is the subsyndromal counterpart to _______.

	a. Minor Depression, Major Depressive Disorder
	b. Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder
	c. Hypomania, Mania
	d. Mania, Bipolar II Disorder

.

Consider the following scenario, and then answer the question. As a clinical psychologist working at a hospital, you do an intake interview for a patient who has recently been admitted to the Emergency Room for an attempted suicide. You learn that this patient, a 50-year old female, has had a history of depression and just recently lost her job. When determining the patient's risk of suicide, which factors are you most concerned about?

	a. Prior suicide attempt, gender, age
	b. Gender, prior suicide attempt, history of depression
	c. History of depression, prior suicide attempt, stressful life event
	d. Age, history of depression, stressful life event

.

Fill in the blank. In the workplace, _______ is a leading cause of absenteeism. This same mental disorder is the number one cause of disability worldwide.

	a. Major Depressive Disorder
	b. Generalize Anxiety Disorder
	c. Schizophrenia
	d. Dysthymia

.

In what way does depression, as it manifests in children and adolescents, differ from its manifestation in adults?

	a. In children, depression can be accompanied by externalizing behavior, such as an increase in aggressive acts.
	b. When accompanied with psychotic features, depression in children and adolescents is often marked by delusions as compared to hallucinations in adults.
	c. Associated anxiety symptoms are more common in depressed children and adolescents than in adults with depression.
	d. Both A and C

.

In your mood disorders unit, you read an empirical article that examined the rate of misdiagnosis for those individuals with bipolar disorders. Which of the following did the results reveal?

	a. In 2003, 30% of individuals were misdiagnosed with depression before receiving the diagnosis of bipolar disorder.
	b. In 2003, 17.5% of the population was diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
	c. In 2003, 17.5% of individuals who had been previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder were subsequently misdiagnosed with unipolar depression.
	d. In 2003, 30% of the individuals who had been previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder were subsequently misdiagnosed with unipolar depression.

.

Suicide risk factors in adults include all of the following except

	a. socioeconomic status.
	b. incarceration.
	c. depression.
	d. prior suicide attempt.

.

Which of the following characterizes the term "double depression" in adults?

	a. Comorbid existence of depression and anxiety
	b. A combination of dysthymia and major depressive disorder
	c. Comorbid existence of depression and substance abuse
	d. A combination of dysthymia and substance abuse

.

Which psychopharmacological treatment of depression blocks the reuptake of serotonin?

	a. MAOI
	b. Tricyclics
	c. SSRI
	d. Benzodiazepines

.

Which statement regarding depression in older adults is FALSE?

	a. Insomnia and sleep issues play a large role in the clinical presentation of depression in older adults.
	b. Depression may be harder to diagnose as it can occur within a complex medical and psychosocial context, which is particular to older adults.
	c. Many older patients do not meet the full criteria for Major Depressive Disorder but instead meet criteria for Minor Depressive Disorder.
	d. Suicidal thoughts and depression are a normal part of old age.

.

Widowhood, physical illness, educational attainment less than high school, impaired functional status, and heavy alcohol consumption are all risk factors particular to and characteristic of which disorder?

	a. Major Depressive Disorder
	b. Late-Onset Depression
	c. Bipolar Disorder
	d. Schizophrenia

.

According to your lecture notes on personality disorders, _______ is a risk factor for developing schizophrenia.

	a. paranoid personality disorder
	b. schizoid personality disorder
	c. schizotypal personality disorder
	d. anti-social personality disorder

.

Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. Late-onset schizophrenia is considered _______ severe and _______ prevalent, as compared to early-onset schizophrenia.

	a. more, more
	b. more, less
	c. less, less
	d. equally, equally

.

Fill in the blank. One important finding in the literature regarding the intersection of culture and diagnosis reveals that _______ are more likely than Caucasians to be diagnosed with severe psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, in clinical settings.

	a. Latinos
	b. African-Americans
	c. Native Americans
	d. Asian-Americans

.

In the Schizophrenia unit, you read an empirical journal article that detailed which of the following particular components of the psychosocial treatment of schizophrenia, which helps individuals to enhance their ability to use problem solving?

	a. Skills training
	b. Anti-psychotic medications
	c. Family therapy
	d. Journaling

.

In the Schizophrenia unit, you read an empirical journal article that detailed a comprehensive manualized treatment program for schizophrenia. What is one potential downside to such an approach?

	a. It is not a systematic approach; therefore, there is variety in how the treatments are delivered.
	b. These approaches often lack empirical support and are based on idiosyncratically obtained information (e.g., a clinicians own knowledge).
	c. It may not fit perfectly with the needs and characteristic of all individuals with schizophrenia.
	d. There really are no downsides to this approach as it provides the most control and consistency.

.

Read the scenario, and then answer the question. Kyle, an 18-year-old male, was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Based on this information, what can you conclude? A. Kyle experienced a gradual development of symptoms and more-prominent negative symptoms across the course of illness.

	a. Kyle experienced a quick progression of symptoms and neurological problems.
	b. Kyle experienced a gradual development of symptoms, but these symptoms will likely be less acute in nature.
	c. There is no evidence that suggests any differences in the course of the illness.

.

Review the scenario, and then answer the question. An adult patient is admitted to a psychiatric hospital. This patient has marked disruptions in speech, as well as flat affect and delusions that are fragmented in nature. What would most likely be your initial working diagnostic hypotheses?

	a. Schizophrenia: paranoid type
	b. Schizophrenia: disorganized type
	c. Schizophrenia: catatonic type
	d. Generalized Anxiety Disorder with psychotic features

.

The brains of schizophrenics are markedly different from those individuals with no such diagnosis. Which of the following represents the characteristic markers of a schizophrenic brain?

	a. Shrunken ventricles
	b. Abnormal cortical laterality
	c. Increased cerebral size
	d. Localized dysfunction to the right hemisphere

.

What types of symptoms are generally difficult to evaluate and persist in the lives of people with schizophrenia?

	a. Negative symptoms
	b. Positive symptoms
	c. Psychotic symptoms
	d. Paranoid delusions

.

Which negative symptom of schizophrenia is characterized by a difficulty in initiating and persisting in goal-directed behavior?

	a. Affective flattening
	b. Avolition
	c. Alogia
	d. Hallucinations

.

Which of the following statements best reflects the research on late-onset Schizophrenia?

	a. Neuroleptic doses are lower in patients with late-onset schizophrenia.
	b. As per etiology, there is a much greater genetic component to late-onset schizophrenia than early onset schizophrenia.
	c. Negative symptoms are less pronounced in patients with late-onset schizophrenia.
	d. Both A and C

.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the use of medication to treat symptoms of schizophrenia?

	a. Many of the anti-psychotic medications only work on positive symptoms.
	b. Anti-psychotic medication works well enough that psychotherapy is not recommended.
	c. There is a portion of the schizophrenic population that does not benefit from medication treatment.
	d. Both A and C

.

A deficit in which neurotransmitter is associated with ADHD?

	a. GABA
	b. Dopamine
	c. Serotonin
	d. Acetylcholine

.

According to your readings, in about what percentage of school-age children does ADHD occur within a 6-month period?

	a. 3
	b. 7
	c. 10
	d. 15

.

Cognitive deficits in social perception are the main characteristic of which mental disorder - a mental disorder usually diagnosed in childhood?

	a. ADHD
	b. Schizophrenia
	c. Autism
	d. Depression

.

Consider the following scenario, and then answer the question. Charlie, an 8-year-old boy, comes in with his mother for his first psychotherapy appointment. After meeting with them, you learn that Charlie has a history of fighting and arguing in school and at home. He tends to lose his temper and deliberately refuses to comply with instructions from adults. These behaviors are causing significant difficulties with family, friends, and teachers. As a child psychologist, your first working diagnostic hypothesis would most likely be that Charlie suffers from which of the following?

	a. A bad attitude
	b. Oppositional Defiant disorder
	c. ADHD
	d. Autism

.

Research shows that which type of treatment is most effective for children with ADHD?

	a. Multimodal treatment
	b. Medication treatment
	c. Cognitive-Behavioral treatment
	d. Punishment and negative reinforcement

.

What are the key distinctions between normal hyperactivity and the hyperactivity present in those children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

	a. The hyperactivity associated with ADHD occurs frequently and across most settings.
	b. The hyperactivity associated with ADHD is qualitatively different and is characterized by such behaviors as calling out in class.
	c. The hyperactivity associated with ADHD interferes with functioning (e.g., poor performance at school, difficulties with peers, etc.)
	d. Both A and C

.

What is the average age of onset for anorexia nervosa?

	a. 12 years
	b. 17 years
	c. 21 years
	d. An average would not be representative of the disorder as the age of onset is variable.

.

Which of the following characterize the current approach to Alzheimer's disease diagnosis?

	a. Contingency upon biological brain markers
	b. Dependency on genetic risk factors and familial expression
	c. Reliance on the exclusion of other dementia causes
	d. Patient recognizing cognitive dysfunction

.

Which of the following deficits tends to manifest later in the course of Alzheimer's disease?

	a. Memory loss
	b. Lack of executive functioning
	c. Loss of language skills
	d. Both B and C

.

Which of the following statements regarding Alzheimer's disease is TRUE?

	a. It is difficult to diagnose.
	b. There are no obvious biological markers for the disease except that which can be determined post-mortem via an autopsy.
	c. It is a normal part of aging.
	d. Both A and B

.

According to research, why do Asian Americans tend to underutilize mental health services?

	a. The stigma of mental health problems , inability to find culturally competent services, and financial dependency on other family members
	b. The inability to find culturally competent services, cultural lack of understanding and knowledge of mental health disorders, and avoidance of dealing with mental health issues
	c. The cultural lack of understanding and knowledge of mental health disorders, financial dependency on other family members, and avoidance of dealing with mental health issues
	d. The stigma of mental health problems, inability to find culturally competent services, and cultural lack of understanding and knowledge of mental disorders

.

Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. Research shows that there is a higher prevalence of mental disorders in African Americans as compared to other racial groups; however, when taking socioeconomic factors into account, the relationship between race and prevalence of mental disorders _______. Thus, it is the _______ socioeconomic status of African Americans that place them at risk for mental disorders.

	a. increases, equal
	b. decreases, higher
	c. disappears, lower
	d. does not change, higher

.

Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. The expression of mental illness in terms of physical suffering is known as _______ and is believed to be _______ prevalent among persons from a number of ethnic minority backgrounds.

	a. psychosomatic, less
	b. depression, less
	c. somatization, more
	d. anxiety, more

.

Consider the following scenario, and then answer the question. A study concluded that subjects were less candid with a therapist if they understood that information regarding their treatment was to be disclosed to a third party for case utilization review. Which ethical consideration does this study reveal?

	a. Autonomy
	b. Confidentiality
	c. Beneficence and non-maleficence
	d. Fairness and equality

.

Consider the following situation, and then choose the best answer to the question. As a clinician, you believe your client might endanger the welfare of another individual. In accordance with most state laws, how would you proceed?

	a. As you are bound by confidentiality regardless of the situation, you schedule another appointment with your client to try to intervene and reduce the intensity of the homicidal thoughts of your patient.
	b. Assess the perceived risk and the likelihood that your client will harm this other individual. If you decide that your client poses an imminent risk to the other individual, take reasonable steps to protect and warn the other individual.
	c. Meet with the client
	d. Both A and B

.

For which cultural group are alcohol abuse and dependence especially problematic?

	a. African Americans
	b. Latinos
	c. Native Americans
	d. Asian Americans

.

The health care information laws were created to protect individuals from violations of privacy. Which types of people are expected to uphold these laws?

	a. Any individual involved in the collection or storage of information throughout the course of clinical treatment
	b. Any party privy to protected information, including friends and family
	c. Only mental health care providers, as opposed to all health care providers
	d. Only those individuals employed in state and federal settings

.

To which of the following does the term "idioms of distress" refer?

	a. Characteristic modes of expressing suffering sanctioned by cultural norms
	b. Characteristic symptoms of particular diagnostic criteria
	c. Distress as it is characterized by the age group in which it is experienced
	d. Distress as it is characterized by disparate cultural groups

.

What is one of the main reasons that minorities are less likely to seek help when experiencing distress?

	a. Mistrust, clinical bias, and autonomy
	b. Cost, clinical bias, and service availability
	c. Clinical bias, mistrust, and service availability
	d. Mistrust, cost, and clinical bias

.

Which of the following characterizes the coping style of Asian-American groups?

	a. A tendency not to dwell on morbid or upsetting thoughts
	b. A tendency to turn to religious figures in the face of adversity
	c. A tendency to disclose to family members and friends the difficulties that they are experiencing
	d. A tendency to use emotion-focused coping and express negative emotions

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Which represents the current state of confidentiality law?

	a. Currently, there is no national standard for confidentiality law.
	b. The state laws sometimes contradict the national standards.
	c. Each state has laws that establish confidentiality rules and exceptions.
	d. Both A and C

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